: curve being studied.

M : running point of the curve .

(D) : straight line, (C) : circle.
( O, , ) : direct orthonormal frame, of axes Ox and
Oy.
( x, y): Cartesian coordinates of M.
X and Y : projected points from M on Ox and Oy.
: affix of M.
: polar coordinates of M ; .
t : parameter (= time).

speed vector.

acceleration vector.

For an implicit curve , notations of Monge :

.
: tangent.
: normal.
s : curvilinear abscissa.
( , )
: tangent vector.
: measure of the Cartesian tangential angle ,

defined by , i.e. , therefore .

: Measure of the polar tangential angle ,

defined by , therefore ;

moreother .

: normal vector.

Coordinates of in the basis in the basis

V : algebraic speed ( ).
AT : tangential acceleration, AN : normal
acceleration ( ).
H : projected point from O on the tangent to the curve.

: pedal radius (
).

So .

: radius of curvature ( , ).

: curvature.

: centre of curvature in M.
Cartesian equation, parametrization : characterization in x and y.
Polar equation, parametrization : characterization in r and q.
Bipolar or bifocal equation : characterization in r = FM and r' = FM
(F and F' are the poles or foci).
Intrinsic equation 1 (or intrinsic equation of Cesaro):
characterization in RC and s; one integrates it by using :
allowing to obtain the
Intrinsic equation 2 (or intrinsic equation of Whewell) :
characterization in s and j ; one integrates it by using : .

T: intersection point of the tangent with the Ox axis

and also value of = "tangent".
= "sub tangent".
N: Intersection point of the normal with the Ox axis
and also value of = "normal".
= "sub normal".
: Intersection point of the tangent with the
perpendicular at O to (OM) and also value of
= "polar tangent".

= "sub polar tangente".

NP: Intersection point of the normal with the
perpendicular at O to (OM) and also value of
= " polar normal".

= " sub polar normal".

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