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NEURAL NETWORKS AND DEEP LEARNING

Unitwise Important Questions
Unit-1
1. What is an Artificial Neural Network (ANN), and what are its main components?
How do ANNs relate to biological neurons?
2. What are activation functions, and why are they essential in ANNs? Describe the
concept of feedforward and backpropagation in neural networks.
3. Define and differentiate between terms like input layer, hidden layer, and output
layer. Explain the role of weights and biases in neural networks.
4. What is supervised learning, and how does it relate to ANNs? Discuss the
importance of labeled data in training supervised learning networks.
5. What are the limitations of a single-layer Perceptron? How does Adaline differ from
the Perceptron in terms of its learning rule and capabilities?
6. How does the vanishing gradient problem affect deep neural networks, and how
can it be mitigated? Describe the differences between content-addressable and
auto-associative memories.
7. Discuss the motivation behind the development of Artificial Neural Networks,
explain the historical context and milestones in their development, and describe the
basic structure and functioning of a single artificial neuron.
8. Compare and contrast the Single-Layer Perceptron and Multi-Layer Perceptron
(MLP). Explain the architecture of a Feed forward Neural Network.
9. Explain the Perceptron algorithm and its use in binary classification problems.
Describe the Adaptive Linear Neuron (Adaline) model.
10. Explain the backpropagation algorithm for training multilayer neural networks,
including the key steps involved in backpropagation and the role of gradient
descent.
11. Define associative memory networks and their applications. Explain the architecture
and working principle of the Hopfield Network, including the storage and retrieval of
patterns.
12. Discuss the concept of pattern association in ANNs. Compare and contrast the
Bidirectional Associative Memory (BAM) and Hopfield Networks in terms of their
applications and working principles. Explain how BAM and Hopfield Networks can
be used for pattern recall and storage.
13. This combined list should provide a comprehensive overview of the topics while
also covering related concepts within each question.
UNIT-2
1. Explain the concept of Unsupervised Learning Networks. Discuss their role in
machine learning and real-world applications.
2. Describe Fixed Weight Competitive Nets and their fundamental principles. Provide
examples of situations where they can be applied effectively.
3. Discuss the Maxnet algorithm in detail. How does it facilitate competitive learning,
and what are its advantages?

Prepared by Chennuri Nagendra Sai (Asst.prof)

 For complete BTECH CSE, AIML, DS subjects tutorials visit : ns lectures youtube channel

4. Explain the Hamming Network and its significance in pattern recognition. Provide a
practical example of its usage.
5. Provide a comprehensive overview of Kohonen Self-Organizing Feature Maps
(SOM). How do they achieve dimensionality reduction, and what are their key
characteristics?
6. Describe the Learning Vector Quantization (LVQ) approach. What are the major
advantages of LVQ in clustering tasks?
7. Explain the concept of Counter Propagation Networks (CPN). How do they blend
unsupervised and supervised learning, and where are they commonly applied?
8. Elaborate on the Adaptive Resonance Theory (ART) Networks. Discuss the
problems they address in unsupervised learning and their contributions to pattern
recognition.
9. Introduce various Special Networks in neural networks. Discuss the specific
features and applications of each type.
10. Compare and contrast the different Unsupervised Learning Networks covered in
this unit. Highlight the strengths and weaknesses of each approach and provide
examples to illustrate their usage.

UNIT-3
1. Provide an in-depth introduction to Deep Learning. Explain its significance in
modern machine learning and its applications.
2. Discuss the historical trends in Deep Learning, highlighting key breakthroughs and
milestones that have shaped the field.
3. Describe the concept of Deep Feed-forward networks. How do they differ from
traditional neural networks, and what advantages do they offer?
4. Explain the fundamental principles of Gradient-Based Learning in Deep Learning.
Discuss the importance of gradient descent in training deep neural networks.
5. Elaborate on Hidden Units in deep neural networks. How do they contribute to the
network's ability to capture complex patterns?
6. Discuss the considerations and best practices in Architecture Design for deep
neural networks. What factors should be taken into account when designing the
architecture for a specific task?
7. Provide a detailed explanation of the Back-Propagation algorithm in deep learning.
Describe the key steps involved in both forward and backward passes.
8. Explore various Differentiation Algorithms used in deep learning beyond Back-
Propagation. How do they address challenges and limitations of traditional
backpropagation?
9. Compare and contrast different types of activation functions commonly used in
deep neural networks. Provide examples of scenarios where each type is suitable.
10. Explain the concept of vanishing gradients in deep networks. How does it affect
training, and what strategies can be employed to mitigate this issue?

UNIT-4

Prepared by Chennuri Nagendra Sai (Asst.prof)

 For complete BTECH CSE, AIML, DS subjects tutorials visit : ns lectures youtube channel

1. Explain the concept of Regularization in Deep Learning. Discuss the various

techniques for regularization, including parameter norm penalties and their role in
preventing overfitting.
2. Describe how norm penalties can be viewed as Constrained Optimization problems
in the context of regularization. Provide examples to illustrate their application.
3. Discuss the relationship between Regularization and Under-Constrained Problems
in deep learning. How does regularization help address under-constrained
situations?
4. Explain the concept of Dataset Augmentation and its significance in deep learning.
Provide examples of data augmentation techniques and their impact on model
performance.
5. Discuss the importance of Noise Robustness in deep learning models. How can
neural networks be made more robust to noisy input data?
6. Describe Semi-Supervised Learning and Multi-Task Learning in the context of deep
learning. How do these approaches leverage limited labeled data effectively?
7. Explain the concept of Early Stopping in training deep neural networks. How does it
prevent overfitting, and what are the key considerations in its implementation?
8. Discuss Parameter Typing and Parameter Sharing in neural networks. How do
these techniques enable the sharing of knowledge across different parts of a
network?
9. Explain Sparse Representations in deep learning. How are sparse representations
useful in various applications, and what are their advantages?
10. Describe the concept of Bagging and other Ensemble Methods in deep learning.
How do ensemble techniques improve model performance, and what are their
limitations?
11. Explain Dropout as a regularization technique. How does it work, and why is it
effective in preventing overfitting?
12. Discuss Adversarial Training and its significance in enhancing the robustness of
deep learning models against adversarial attacks.
13. Explain Tangent Distance, Tangent Propagation, and Manifold in the context of
deep learning. How do these concepts relate to understanding the underlying data
manifold?
14. Describe the Tangent Classifier and its use in deep learning. How does it contribute
to improved classification performance?

UNIT-5
1. Discuss the challenges in Neural Network Optimization for training deep models.
What are the major obstacles, and how do they affect the training process?
2. Explain the basic optimization algorithms commonly used in training deep neural
networks. Provide insights into their strengths and weaknesses.
3. Describe various Parameter Initialization Strategies for deep learning models. How
do proper initializations impact training and convergence?

Prepared by Chennuri Nagendra Sai (Asst.prof)

 For complete BTECH CSE, AIML, DS subjects tutorials visit : ns lectures youtube channel

4. Discuss Algorithms with Adaptive Learning Rates. What are the advantages of
adaptive learning rates, and how are they implemented in practice?
5. Explain Approximate Second-Order Methods in the context of deep learning
optimization. When are they preferred over first-order methods, and what are their
limitations?
6. Explore Optimization Strategies and Meta-Algorithms for training deep models.
How do these strategies improve optimization performance and convergence?
7. Discuss the applications of Large-Scale Deep Learning. Provide examples of real-
world scenarios where deep learning has made a significant impact.
8. Explain the role of deep learning in Computer Vision applications. What are the key
tasks and challenges in computer vision, and how does deep learning address
them?
9. Describe the use of deep learning in Speech Recognition. How have deep neural
networks improved the accuracy of speech recognition systems?
10. Discuss the applications of deep learning in Natural Language Processing (NLP).
How do deep learning models excel in tasks such as language translation,
sentiment analysis, and text generation?

Prepared by Chennuri Nagendra Sai (Asst.prof)