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Smart Door Locking System Using IoT

Article · January 2023

DOI: 10.1109/ICACCM56405.2022.10009534

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 Smart Door Locking System Using IoT

Ketan Gupta Nasmin Jiwani

Research Scientist Research Scientist Md Haris Uddin Sharif
University of The Cumberlands University of The Cumberlands School of Computer & Information
2022 International Conference on Advances in Computing, Communication and Materials (ICACCM) | 978-1-6654-7439-9/22/$31.00 ©2022 IEEE | DOI: 10.1109/ICACCM56405.2022.10009534

USA USA Sciences

ketan1722@gmail.com nasminjiwani@gmail.com University of The Cumberlands
USA
Mehmood Ali Mohammed Neda Afreen haris.uddin.sharif@gmail.com
School of Computer & Information Department of Computer Engineering
Sciences Jamia Millia Islamia
University of The Cumberlands New Delhi, India
USA afreenneda1@gmail.com
mehmood.db9@gmail.com

Abstract— The Internet of Things (IoT) has gained
widespread attention among many research areas. The modern
automation has made the life more sophisticated and easier. An
IoT based smart digital automated system plays a crucial part
that assist people by reducing work load and implementing
interactive technology in everyday life. Through our project,
Smart Doors, we are making a small contribution to the
enormous efforts being made to improve and simplify our lives.
This is a simple project that helps users in accessing the doors
within a specific range. Android software will access the door
lock and the transfer of data will be performed by using the
bluetooth technique. So, the end users need not to bother
about the door lock as they can manage it through their
cellphone within a certain proximity, and additionally, users
need not to be concerned about handling a physical key.
This work comprises software and hardware development.
This approach intends to do away with the need for keys to
open doors and the everyday struggle involved in carrying a
lot of keys and prepared for installation anywhere and
everywhere with the greatest haste. This helps to create a
secure environment inside and outside by preventing
security breaches.
Keywords— Arduino Uno, Bluetooth, Internet of Things,
Smart door lock
I. INTRODUCTION
The Internet of Things (IoT) is a network of connected
smart devices, digital and mechanical systems, items,
animals, or people that may exchange data across a network
without having social or machines interaction. An IoT
environment is comprised of smart devices having sensors,
integrated processors, and networking equipment to gather,
share, and respond on environmental data. IoT systems
exchange the sensor information they gathered, by linking to
an IoT connection or any other system, where information is
either transferred to a cloud or evaluated locally. The things
get associated with internal or external conditions due to
embedded development, which affects the decisions that are
made [1].
Everyone wants to be safe, whether that protection is in
regards to his possessions or his own priceless life. We have
now been taking numerous efforts to achieve a stress-
free lifestyle. Smart door control system is highly demanded
& applicable project [2]. A door acts as a first line of defence
to keep the house physically secure. A physical key was
initially required to open or close a door, but as technology
advanced, a highly sophisticated smart door lock has been
invented, which can unlock or lock doors without needing a
physical key [3]. The majority of people act carelessly
while in an urgent circumstances. This may be the reason
they missed to lock the door of their residence or business.
Additionally, storing multiple sets of keys at once could be a
challenge. If we lose or misplace the keys and cannot access
our place in any other way than by making another set of
spare keys, it is also a problem. In addition, if a disabled
person finds it difficult to move near the entrance, it may be
difficult for them to lock and unlock the door [4]. The main
aim of this Smart door project is to simplify and improve our
lifestyle and help users to access the doors within a specific
range. Through this approach, we can control the lock using
buttons or either by voice command using our own
smartphone [5]. This Arduino based smart lock system uses
Bluetooth to wirelessly communicate and control device
using app on their own smartphone [6]. LCD is connected
which is used for displaying lock or unlock doors state and
relay is attached to show door position. With the smart lock,
no need to worry about handling physical key, remotely we
can lock or unlock the door [7].
The remainder of the paper is structured as follows: In
Section 2, a quick summary of the related work on smart
lock system is given. Section 3 provides an overview of the
system analysis and design. Section 4 presents the hardware
and software that are being used in this project. Section 5
highlights the results and conclusion. Section 6 presents the
future extension, followed by references.

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 II. RELATED WORK III. SYSTEM ANALYSIS AND DESIGN
Numerous studies have been suggested to improve the
ease and security of digital door locks. IIkyu et al. [8] The existing lock systems do not offer much safety so, there
designed a system that works with Internet of things and is more chances of theft and it is less efficient too. That
offers increased security features. It can convey captured problem has a definite resolution from Digital Door Locks
pictures to the user’s smartphone when an ineligible user [14]. It allows user to enter and exit a building without a key
tries to do an illegal action; and can also provide alert by using a PIN code instead [15]. This can be helpful in
notifications when the door lock is destroyed physically. To resolving the key issues. Without requiring any physical
improve convenience, the suggested solution gives users the effort from the user, the door unlocks when the correct PIN
ability to remotely verify the access information and control is entered [16]. Figure 1 depicts the proposed system's flow
the door lock. Jeong et al. [9] put forward a solution in their chart.
studies which employs IoT technology and the integration of
smartphone connection technologies that uses authentication
to remotely open or close a door. This study specifically
suggests the Smart Door Lock System based on improved
security strategy for the safety concern brought on by the
physical key used in unmanned automation equipment like
KIOSKs, vending machines, and ATMs. Karthik et al. [10]
project’s objective is to develop a smart locking system using
the IoT. Although using traditional keyed locks has been a
necessity since the dawn of mankind, there is a significant
likelihood that keys may be misplaced or fall into the wrong
hands. To increase the security of their homes or businesses,
many people now prefer biometric locks over conventional
keyed locks. Modern biometric locks employ a biometric
sensor rather than a key to lock or unlock the door, in
contrast to traditional locks. With this idea, an adaptive
working tool based on an Arduino nano is created that offers
physical security using the biometric sensor found in a
smartphone.
Fig 1. Flow chart of proposed work
Park et al. [11] proposed a system based on ZigBee
framework which is integrated in a digital door lock and for First, we Initialize and check for all the connections. Then
entire home automation system it acts as the primary using Arduino IDE start the program on Arduino. This IDE
controller. The system consists of actuators and a network of helps in making connection to the Arduino board and
sensor nodes, as well as a base station that functions as a hardware in order to upload programs and interact with
digital door lock. An RFID reader for user identification, a them. Check for the connection of Bluetooth device on
touch-screen LCD, a motor component to close and open the arduino board, if not connected properly connect it again.
door, a communication unit, sensor component to inspect the Then open android Bluetooth controller app from
home environment, and a control unit to operate other smartphone. We can send command over there either using
components. Sensor nodes are deployed in strategic locations buttons or voice features. After that, OTP will be generated
throughout the house to sense the environment. Each ZigBee and user will enter the OTP. If entered OTP does not match
module's status can be monitored and controlled by the with generated one, then LCD screen will display “WRONG
central control unit, which is a digitized locking system. It OTP” and if matched then Servo motor will comes in unlock
also allows customers to access the property status remotely position and “Door Unlocked” will be displayed. The
via the Internet or another open network. The prime schematic diagram is given in figure 2.
advantage of the proposed module is that it can be built
quickly where and when it is needed, with no infrastructure
or careful planning requirement. Sowmya et al. [12]
presented a simple "smart doors" project that helps users
to take control of their access to doors. A simple Arduino
board, a hexadecimal keyboard, and some jumper wires are
used in this project. The Arduino board, which makes this
project easier to use, is its most important feature. With this,
it is prepared to be set up anywhere, at any time, with the
greatest haste. This helps create a secure environment inside
and outside by preventing security breaches. Kavde et al.
[13] presented a smart door lock system in their paper as a
component of the smart house. The owner in this case can
operate their door by seeing the live broadcast on their
smartphone. Information about visitors is stored in one
database. The system functions as a whole using to Bluetooth
technology.
Fig 2. Schematic diagram of proposed system

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IV. HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS
Many hardware components and software are used to
implement this work. These are mentioned below:
A. Arduino Uno - Arduino is a basic hardware and
software-based open-source platform. Arduino boards
can read inputs such as a finger on a button, a light on a
sensor and convert them into outputs such as operating a
motor,or switching on an LED [17]. By delivering a set
of instructions to the board's microcontroller, we may
instruct the board what to do. It is shown in figure 3.
Fig 3. Arduino Uno board
B. Bluetooth module - HC-05 module is easy to operate
bluetooth SPP(serial port protocol)module.It has six pins
in which 4 pins: TX,VCC,RX&GND are commonly
used and its default baud rate is 9600. Image is shown
below [18].
Fig 4. Bluetooth module
C. Servo motor - It is an ordinary geared DC motor for
precise control of angular position and show the state of
door's lock or unlock [19]. It has 3 pin:GND,+5V dc and
controlling pin, and is shown in fgure 5.
Fig 5. Servo motor
D. 16x2 LCD - 16x2 LCD display is very basic module. it can
display 16 characters per line and there are 2 such lines. In this
LCD each character is displayed in 5x7 pixel matrix [20]. It
can display status as per requirement. Its image is given
in figure 6.
Fig 6. LCD display
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E. Bread Board - A breadboard is a solderless device for
temporary prototype with electronics and testcircuitdesigns.
F. 10K Potentiometer
G. Battery for Power supply
H. Arduino IDE- The Arduino Integrated Development
Environment or Arduino Software (IDE), contains a text
editor for writing code with a toolbar and buttons for
common functions [21]. It is connected to the Arduino
and hardware to upload and interface with applications [22].
I. Bluetooth controller App- It is simple to use Android
app for controlling or monitoring arduiono pins over
bluetooth.
V. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION
In general, the system received positive response as per
examination. This OTP-based smart lock meets today's
security standards for householders. As our suggested
system is built on wireless technology, it is a low-cost,
flexible, and simple to install system that eliminates the
need for careful design, cabling, and building work. Users
will be able to gain access to the required location by using
their mobile device instead of their traditional key. The
result of our project is shown below.
Fig 7. System result
VI. FUTURE EXTENSION
The proposed system will be enhanced in the future with
more extensions. This device can be made economical in
future so that anyone can afford it at low price. Some
features like camera can be attached to help identify any
intruders who attempt to unlock the door using the wrong
key. We can run this work by building own app rather than
using an existing app, like Blynk.
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