Department of Chemistry

UNIVERSITY OF CAPE TOWN

CEM1008F - CHEMISTRY FOR ENGINEERS

SECOND CLASS TEST: MAY 2022

60 MINUTES, 50 MARKS

INSTRUCTIONS:

1. Write your name and student registration number on the computer answer sheet.

2. An additional 5 minutes are afforded at the start of the test for reading. No writing may
occur during this period.

3. Record your answers CLEARLY and UNAMBIGUOUSLY on the COMPUTER ANSWER

SHEET USING AN HB PENCIL.
There is only ONE CORRECT RESPONSE to each question. You will be given a
NEGATIVE score, with the mark subtracted being 25% of the value of the question. For
example, you score –0.5 marks for a 2-mark question, –0.75 marks for a 3-mark question
or –1 mark for a 4-mark question, if:

a) you give more than one response to a question,

b) you give an incorrect response,

You will get ZERO if you give no response.

4. There are 19 questions. Check that your paper is complete.

5. Hand in your computer answer sheet only.

6. You may use the reverse blank pages of the question paper for your calculations.

7. A periodic table, aqueous solubility rules and a formula sheet are provided at the end of
the question paper. You may remove these to facilitate access.
Question 1

When the change in internal energy, ΔE, of the system is smaller than the heat transferred to
the system, then:

A. work was done by the surroundings on the system.

B. work was done by the system on the surroundings.
C. the process was exothermic.
D. the heat transfer occurred at non-standard thermodynamic conditions.
E. the system and surroundings are not correctly defined.
[2]
Question 2

When a certain salt is placed in a flask at room temperature and swirled, the solid dissolves and
the flask gets noticeably colder. Which one of the following conclusions about the signs of the
changes in enthalpy (ΔH) and entropy (ΔS) of the system is correct?

A. ΔH is negative and ΔS is negative.

B. ΔH is negative and ΔS is positive.
C. ΔH is positive and ΔS is negative.
D. ΔH is positive and ΔS is positive.
E. Not enough information is provided to make the correct choice.
[2]
Question 3

Which one of the following statements is false with respect to the widespread use of petroleum?

A. it has the highest energy density of any fuel.

B. It is a liquid, thus facilitating storage.
C. additives can be added to fuel to increase efficiency/performance.
D. It is relatively safe to use.
E. It is easy to transport.
[2]
Question 4
A 378 g piece of copper is heated to 89.5 ºC, after which it is placed in 159 g of water at
22.8 ºC. What is the final temperature, assuming heat transfer occurred only between the piece
of copper and water? The specific heat capacity of water is 4.184 J g–1 K–1 and that of copper is
0.387 J g–1 K–1.
A. 56.2 ºC
B. 26.7 ºC
C. 34.8 ºC
D. 60.4 ºC
E. 44.5 ºC
[3]
2
Question 5

An engineer placed 2.305 g of a certain hydrocarbon in a calorimeter that was immersed in

3.451 dm3 of water. On burning the sample, the temperature of the water rose from 25.00 °C to
29.55 °C. If the calorimeter had a heat capacity of 546 J K-1 and the water a specific heat capacity
of 4.184 J K-1 g-1, what was the heat change per gram of hydrocarbon closest to? Assume that
the density of water is 1.00 g cm-3 over the temperature range.

A. –1.452 x 104 J g–1

B. 2.484 x 103 J g–1
C. –3.148 x 105 J g–1
D. –2.958 x 104 J g–1
E. –7.827 x 104 J g–1
[4]
Question 6

Given the following thermochemical equations:

N2 (g) + 3/2 O2 (g) → N2O3 (g) H = 83.7 kJ (1)

N2 (g) + O2 (g) → 2 NO (g) H = 180.4 kJ (2)
½ N2 (g) + O2 (g) → NO2 (g) H = 33.2 kJ (3)

Calculate the enthalpy change for the reaction:

N2O3 (g) → NO (g) + NO2 (g) Hrxn = ?

Choose the closest answer from the values given below.

A. –207.1 kJ
B. –39.7 kJ
C. 24.3 kJ
D. 39.7 kJ
E. 207.1 kJ
[3]
Question 7

A particular reaction is always spontaneous if:

A. H > 0 and S < 0.

B. H < 0 and S > 0.
C. It is exothermic.
D. H > 0 and S > 0.
E. H < 0 and S < 0.
[2]

3
Question 8

Nitric acid was first prepared over 1200 years ago by heating naturally occurring sodium nitrate
(called saltpeter) with sulfuric acid and collecting the vapours produced. Given the heat of
reaction and heats of formation data below,

NaNO3 (s) + H2SO4 (l) → NaHSO4 (s) + HNO3 (g) Hrxn = 21.2 kJ

ΔH°f [NaNO3 (s)] = −467.8 kJ mol–1

Δ H°f [NaHSO4 (s)] = −1125.5 kJ mol–1
ΔH°f [HNO3 (g)] = −135.1 kJ mol–1

the ΔH°f [H2SO4 (l)] is closest to:

A. −814.0 kJ mol−1
B. 1749.6 kJ mol−1
C. 0 kJ mol 1

D. −21.2 kJ mol−1
E. −38.4 kJ mol−1
[3]
Question 9

The overall reaction for the corrosion (rusting) of iron by oxygen is:

2 Fe (s) + 3/2 O2 (g) → Fe2O3 (s)

Substance ΔH°f (kJ mol−1) ΔG°f (kJ mol−1)

Fe (s) 0 0

O2 (g) 0 0

Fe2O3 (s) −825.5 −743.6

Note: “°” indicates standard thermodynamic conditions (298 K and 1 atm).

The calculated ΔS°rxn value for the corrosion of iron is closest to:

A. 0 kJ
B. −587.1 J
C. −23.1 J
D. −1674 J
E. −274.8 J
[4]

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Question 10

Select the type of interaction which best describes the attraction between Mg 2+ ions and water
molecules.

A. dipole-dipole
B. dipole-induced dipole
C. ion-dipole
D. ion-induced dipole
E. ion-hydrogen bond
[2]
Question 11

Isoamyl salicylate (MW = 208.25 g mol−1) has a pleasant aroma and is used in perfumes and
soaps. Which of the following combinations gives a 0.75 m solution of isoamyl salicylate in ethyl
alcohol (d = 0.7893 g mL−1)?

A. 117.2 g isoamyl salicylate in 950.0 mL of ethyl alcohol

B. 117.2 g isoamyl salicylate in 750.0 mL of ethyl alcohol
C. 117.2 g isoamyl salicylate in 750.0 mL of solution
D. 117.2 g isoamyl salicylate in 592.0 g of ethyl alcohol
E. none of the above
[3]
Question 12

Two aqueous solutions are prepared: 2.0 m Cu(NO3)2 and 2.0 m NaBr. Which of the following
statements is true?

A. The Cu(NO3)2 solution has a higher vapor pressure and lower freezing point than the
NaBr solution.
B. The Cu(NO3)2 solution has a higher vapor pressure and higher freezing point than the
NaBr solution.
C. The Cu(NO3)2 solution has a lower vapor pressure and lower freezing point than the
NaBr solution.
D. The Cu(NO3)2 solution has a lower vapor pressure and higher freezing point than the
NaBr solution.
E. None of the above statements is true.
[2]

5
Question 13
Lysine is an amino acid that is an essential part of nutrition, but which is not synthesized by the
human body. What is the molar mass of lysine if 750.0 mL of a solution containing 8.60 g of
lysine has an osmotic pressure of 1.918 atm? Temperature = 25.0 °C.

A. 110. g mol−1
B. 146 g mol−1
C. 220. g mol−1
D. 1340 g mol−1
E. 1780 g mol−1
[3]
Question 14
The van't Hoff factor (i) for a dilute aqueous solution of the strong electrolyte barium hydroxide,
Ba(OH)2, is:

A. 0
B. 3
C. 2
D. 1
E. 4
[2]
Question 15
When a chemical system is at equilibrium,

A. the concentrations of the reactants are equal to the concentrations of the products.
B. the concentrations of the reactants and products have reached constant values.
C. the forward and reverse reactions have stopped.
D. the reaction quotient, Q, has reached a maximum.
E. the reaction quotient, Q, has reached a minimum.
[2]
Question 16
The value of Kc for the equilibrium
H2 (g) + I2 (g) 2 HI (g)
is 54.0 at 427 °C. What is the value of Kc for the equilibrium below at the same temperature?
HI (g) ½ H2 (g) + ½ I2 (g)

A. 27
B. 8.35
C. 0.136
D. 2.92 x 103
E. 3.43 x 10-4
[3]

6
Question 17
A mixture 0.500 mole of carbon monoxide and 0.400 mole of bromine was placed into a rigid,
empty 1.00-L container and the system was allowed to come to equilibrium. The equilibrium
concentration of COBr2 was 0.233 M.

CO (g) + Br2 (g) COBr2 (g)

The value of Kc for this reaction is closest to:

A. 0.191
B. 1.22
C. 1.165
D. 0.858
E. 5.23
[3]
Question 18
Two common chlorides PCl3 and PCl5, both important in the production of phosphorus
compounds, coexist in equilibrium through the reaction below:

PCl3 (g) + Cl2 (g) PCl5 (g)

At 250 C, an equilibrium mixture in a 2.50 L flask contains 5.04 x 10 −4 moles PCl5, 1.60 x 10−3
moles PCl3 and 0.0299 moles Cl2. The value of Kp for this reaction is closest to:

A. 0.618
B. 26.3
C. 1.28
D. 539
E. 6.04 x 10−3
[3]
Question 19
Ethane can be formed by reacting acetylene with hydrogen.
C2H2 (g) + 2 H2 (g) C2H6 (g) H°rxn = –311 kJ

Under which reaction conditions would you expect to have the greatest equilibrium yield of
ethane?

A. high temperature, high pressure

B. low temperature, high pressure
C. high temperature, low pressure
D. low temperature, low pressure
E. none of the above, unless a catalyst is present
[2]
END OF TEST

TOTAL MARKS: 50

7
 Periodic Table of the Elements
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
1 2
H He
1.008 4.0026
2.1 KEY -
3 4 Atomic Number 29 5 6 7 8 9 10
Li Be Cu Symbol B C N O F Ne
6.941 9.012 Atomic Mass (amu) 63.55 10.81 12.011 14.01 16.00 19.00 20.18
1.0 1.5 1.9 Electronegativity 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 -
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
Na Mg Note: Atomic mass values are rounded off to Al Si P S Cl Ar
22.99 24.31 four or five significant figures 26.98 28.09 30.97 32.06 35.45 39.95
0.9 1.2 1.5 1.8 2.1 2.5 3.0 -
19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36
K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr
39.10 40.08 44.96 47.96 50.94 52.00 54.94 55.85 58.93 58.71 63.55 65.38 69.72 72.59 74.92 78.96 79.90 83.80
0.8 1.0 1.3 1.5 1.6 1.5 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.9 1.6 1.6 1.6 2.0 2.4 2.8 -
37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54
Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe
85.47 87.62 88.91 91.22 92.91 95.94 (97) 101.07 102.91 106.4 107.86 112.40 114.82 116.69 121.75 127.60 126.90 131.30
0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 1.9 2.2 2.2 2.2 1.9 1.7 1.7 1.8 1.9 2.1 2.5 -
55 56 57 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86
Cs Ba La* Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn
132.91 137.34 138.91 178.49 180.95 183.85 186.21 190.2 192.22 195.09 196.97 200.59 204.37 207.2 208.98 (209) (210) (222)
0.7 0.9 1.1 1.3 1.5 1.7 1.9 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.4 1.9 1.8 1.8 1.9 2.1 2.2 -
87 88 89 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118
Fr Ra Ac** Rf Db Sg Bh Hs Mt Ds Rg Cn Nh Fl Mc Lv Ts Og
(223) (226) (227) (267) (268) (269) (270) (269) (278) (281) (280) (285) (286) (289) (289) (293) (294) (294)
0.7 0.9 1.1 -

58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71
LANTHANOIDS * Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu
140.1 140.9 144.2 (147) 150.4 152.0 157.2 158.9 162.5 164.9 167.3 168.9 173.0 175.0
1.1 1.2
90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103
Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No Lr
ACTINOIDS **
232.0 (231) 238.0 (237) (242) (243) (247) (247) (251) (254) (253) (256) (254) (257)
1.3 1.5 1.7
 Solubility Rules and Guidelines for Aqueous Solutions

Soluble Ionic Compounds Exceptions

NO3-, CH3COO-, ClO3-, ClO4- KClO4
Cl-, Br-, I- Ag+, Hg22+, Pb2+, Cu+
F- Pb2+, Group 2A
SO42- Ag+, Hg22+, Pb2+, Group 2A (Ca2+,
Ba2+)
Insoluble Ionic Compounds Exceptions
OH- Group 1A, Group 2A (Ca2+ and
larger members)
CO32-, PO43- NH4+, Group 1A
S2- NH4+, Group 1A, Group 2A

1. Salts of ammonium (NH4+) and Group 1A are soluble

2. Nitrates (NO3-) and acetates (CH3COO-) are soluble, as are the most common
chlorates (ClO3-) and perchlorates (ClO4-)
3. All chlorides are soluble, except AgCl, Hg2Cl2, PbCl2 and CuCl
4. All bromides are soluble, except AgBr, Hg2Br2 and PbBr2
5. All iodides are soluble, except AgI, Hg2I2 and PbI2
6. All fluoride are soluble, except PbF2 and those of Group 2A
7. All sulphates (SO42-) are soluble, except CaSO4, SrSO4, BaSO4 Ag2SO4, Hg2SO4 and
PbSO4
8. Phosphates (PO43-) and carbonates (CO32-) are insoluble, except those of ammonium
(NH4+) and the Group 1A alkali metals
9. All hydroxides (OH-) are insoluble, except those of Group 1A and those of Group 2A
(from Ca2+)
10. All sulfides are insoluble, except those of ammonium (NH4+) and Group 1A and Group
2A

9
 Constants Conversion Factors

R = 0.0821 L atm K-1 mol-1

= 8.3145 kPa dm3 K-1 mol-1 1 A = 10-10 m
= 8.3145 J K-1 mol-1 1 nm = 1 x 10-9 m
= 1.9872 cal K-1 mol-1 1 L = 1 dm3 = 10-3 m3

1 Pa = 1 kg m-1 s-2
1 atm = 1.01325 x 105 Pa
NA = 6.0221367 x 1023 mol-1 = 760 mm Hg (torr)

1 J = 1 kg m2 s-2
e = 1.60217733 x 10-19 C 1 cal = 4.184 J

h = 6.626 x 10-34 J S

c = 2.998 x 108 m s-1

F = 96500 C mol-1

Kw = 1 x 10-14

Thermodynamics Applied Solution Chemistry

E = q + w Henry’s law: S gas = k H Pgas

H = E + PV 
Raoult’s Law: Psolvent = x solvent Psolvent
q = c x m x T ; q = C x T
 
Psolvent − Psolvent = xsolutePsolvent
q
S = rev
T Tb = K b m ; T f = K f m
G = H − TS H soln = −H latt + H hydr
H 
rxn =  mH 
f −  nH 
f
nsolute
products reactants
= RT = MRT
Vsolution

S rxn =  mS
products

−  nS
reactants


Electrochemistry

Grxn =  mG
products

f −  nG
reactants

f


Ecell = Ecathode

− Eanode

ΔS°univ = ΔS°rxn + ΔS°surr ≥ 0
G  = −nFEcell

Chemical Equilibrium

K p = K c (RT )
n

Ecell =
RT
ln K =
0.0592
log K (at 25C)
nF n
G  = − RT ln K E cell = Ecell

−
RT
ln Q
nF
K2 H rxn

1 1
=−  − 
ln
K1 R  T2 T1 
= Ecell

−
0.0592
log Q (at 25C)
n

10