Hinduism: Part-B 26-02-2024

M.A. Sem II, CCRC – JMI Jaswinder Singh

CLASS PLAN- 1

UNIT-II

Manifestation of Hindu norms in Visual and Performative Arts (icon, temple, miniature
painting, dance, and drama)

1. INTRODUCTION
❖ Look around yourself!
▪ Sensory stimulus
• Do you see anything without art?
➢ Everything is in a pattern.
➢ Everything is colourful.
➢ This is the visual Art.
• What art does to you? Whether it is music, play, poetry.
➢ Appeals to the senses.
➢ symbolic and allegorical expression
 Sthula (gross) to Sukhshma (subtle)
 Microcosm to macrocosm

 Art, Subjective and Objective?

 What is not art?
 But there is another art form which is abstract.

❖ Visual Arts
▪ Icon
➢ Om
➢ Swastika
➢ Sri Chakra Yantra
▪ Temple
▪ Miniature Paintings

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Hinduism: Part-B 26-02-2024

M.A. Sem II, CCRC – JMI Jaswinder Singh

❖ Performative Arts
▪ Dance
▪ Drama

2. STUDY OF ART IN OCCIDENT AS AESTHETICS

▪ Meaning of the term Aesthetics
▪ from Greek aisthetikos “of or for perception by the senses, perceptive,”
▪ to perceive (by the senses or by the mind), to feel
▪ ‘Science of what is sensed and imagined’.
▪ Branch of philosophy
• delves into the nature of art, beauty, and taste.
• literature, poetics, art, music, sculpture, painting, architecture.
• Fitness, variations, symmetry, distinctiveness, intricacies, magnitude
are the attributes which largely define aesthetics.
▪ Plato
▪ the theory of Mimesis, viewed artistic experience as the mere
imitation of reality.
▪ Aristotle
▪ art, poetics, and aesthetics convey universal truths.
▪ Neoplatonism
 the real world exists beyond the scope of virtual world that we
experience through our senses.
▪ Giorgio Vasari (Italian Renaissance painter and architect) says
➢ “… artists first imitated nature, then equalizing nature, and
finally surpassed nature.”
▪ Intuitionist
➢ perceived that aesthetics is the sensory stimulus to the one’s moral
character.
▪ Surrealism
➢ allow the unconscious mind to express itself
➢ David Lynch
▪ Eraserhead (1977)

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Hinduism: Part-B 26-02-2024

M.A. Sem II, CCRC – JMI Jaswinder Singh

▪ Lost Highway (1997)

▪ Capitalism
➢ Commodification of Art
▪ Different Periods
➢ Classicism,
➢ Baroque,
➢ and Romanticism.

3. STUDY OF ART IN ORIENT AS RASA

▪ Meaning of Rasa
• juice, essence or taste.
• Nine rasas according to Bharat Muni Natyashastra
I. Sringara (Love)
II. Hasya (Joy)
III. Adhuta (Wonder)
IV. Vira (Courage)
V. Shanta (Peace)
VI. Karuna (Compassion)
VII. Raudra (Anger)
VIII. Bhayanaka (Fear)
IX. Vibhasta (Disgust)
▪ Bhavas (states of mind)
▪ Saundarya Shastra
▪ Shilpa Kala (arts and crafts)
▪ Lalit Kala (Fine arts)
• Nritya (dance),
• Natya (dance- drama),
• Kavya (poetry),
• Raga (musical composition).

4. Art and Religion

5. Hindu Art

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Hinduism: Part-B 26-02-2024

M.A. Sem II, CCRC – JMI Jaswinder Singh

Suggested Readings

Basham, Arthur Llewellyn, and Wendy Doniger. “Hinduism - the Arts.” Encyclopedia
Britannica. Accessed February 25, 2024.
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Hinduism/The-arts.
Cappadona , Diane Apostolos. “Art and Religion | Encyclopedia.com.” Encyclopedia.com,
2014. https://www.encyclopedia.com/environment/encyclopedias-almanacs-
transcripts-and-maps/art-and-religion.
Coomaraswamy, Ananda K. Introduction to Indian Art. 1947. Reprint, New Delhi, India:
Manohar Publishers, 2023. https://annas-
archive.org/slow_download/56a8fa6d36e2bf1dc5d5311daaf892ec/0/0.
Coomaraswamy, Ananda K. The Dance of Śiva. 1918. Reprint, New Delhi: Manohar
Publishers, 2024.
https://archive.org/details/danceofsivafourt00coomiala/page/74/mode/2up.
Hardy, Adam. The Temple Architecture of India. John Wiley & Sons Incorporated, 2007.
https://library.lol/main/280b336529100512db75f4f8b96240c8.
Kramrisch, Stella. The Art of India. London: The Phaidon Press, 1954.
https://archive.org/details/in.gov.ignca.2129/page/n9/mode/2up.
Lubor Hájek. Miniatures from the East. London: Spring Books, 1960.
Pollock, Sheldon. A Rasa Reader Classical Indian Aesthetics. Columbia University Press,
2016. https://library.lol/main/407e0f996651ebb1e38df95cfccd39cb.
Shitala Prasad Tewari. Hindu Iconography: Based on Anthological Verses, Literature, Art
and Epigraphs. New Delhi: Agam Kala Parkashan, 1979.