Department of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering

Supplementary/Aegrotat Exam Memorandum

Copyright reserved

Module EIR 211

3 July 2023

Assessment ID
2023EIR211E02

Test information
Maximum marks: 40 Full marks: 40
Duration of paper: 90 minutes Open/closed book: Closed book
Additional time None Allowable materials: Formula sheet on
allocation: question paper
Extra-time venue: Centenary 1 Submission format: OCR sheets (00-01,
02-03)
Total number of pages (including this page): 12

IMPORTANT
1. The departmental rules relevant to electronically graded assessments apply.
2. Answer all questions on the OCR sheets provided. The question numbering in ( ) corresponds
to the OCR sheet numbering.
3. Unless the answer is an integer, round all answers to three significant figures, e.g., if the
absolute value for an answer is 531.94 Ω, the answer to 3 significant figures would be 532 Ω
or 0.532 kΩ, if the absolute value for an answer is 5.3194 Ω, the answer to 3 significant figures
would be 5.32 Ω.
4. Complex number answers can be entered in rectangular or polar format. In rectangular for-
mat, round both the real and imaginary parts to 3 significant digits, e.g. 12.345 + j3.465 rounded
to 3 significant digits would be 12.3 + j3.47. In polar format, round the magnitude and angle to 3
significant digits, e.g. 12.345∠3.465◦ rounded to 3 significant digits would be 12.3∠3.47◦ .
5. Answers without units or with the incorrect units will be marked incorrect.
6. For multiple choice questions, write down the number corresponding to the correct answer on
your answer sheet.
ACADEMIC INTEGRITY
The University of Pretoria commits itself to produce academic work of integrity. I affirm that I am
aware of and have read the Rules and Policies of the University, more specifically the Disciplinary
Procedure and the Tests and Examinations Rules, which prohibit any unethical, dishonest or im-
proper conduct during tests, assignments, examinations and/or any other forms of assessment.
I am aware that no student or any other person may assist or attempt to assist another student,
or obtain help, or attempt to obtain help from another student or any other person during tests,
assessments, assignments, examinations and/or any other forms of assessment.
Internal examiners: Dr. F. Palunčić and Prof. J. Joubert
Internal moderator: Dr. MWK Mbukani

2023EIR211E02 Page 1 of 12 3 July 2023

 All phasor voltages and currents that are given and asked for are
in RMS

Dr. Palunčić’s section

Question 1 (14)
Refer to the circuit below. The objective is to find the expression for the inductor
current i(t) for t ≥ 0. Question parts (1)–(8) list the parameters needed in finding
the expression. The parameters are not necessarily listed in the order in which you
need to calculate them.

200 Ω

i(t)
+

5A 100 Ω 10 H v (t) 1 mF + 20 u(t) V

−
−

(1) A1 (no units required) (2)

(2) A2 (no units required) (2)
(3) s1 (no units required) (2)
(4) s2 (no units required) (2)
(5) i(∞) (1)
(6) i(0+ ) (1)
+
(7) di(0 )/dt (1)
+
(8) v (0 ) (1)

(9) What is the mathematical form of the transient inductor current response it (t)
for t ≥ 0?
1. it (t) = A1 + A2 e −t/τ
2. it (t) = (A1 + A2 )e −t/τ
3. it (t) = A1 e s1 t + A2 e s2 t
4. it (t) = (A1 + A2 t)e −αt
5. it (t) = e −αt (A1 cos ωd t + A2 sin ωd t)
(1)
(10) Determine the inductor current i(t) at t = 1 s. (1)

2023EIR211E02 Page 2 of 12 3 July 2023

 Solution:

t < 0:

200 Ω

5A 100 Ω i v
−

t ≥ 0:

200 Ω

i(t)
+

5A 100 Ω 10 H v (t) 1 mF + 20 V
−
−

By applying a source transformation to the 200 Ω and 20 V voltage source, one

obtains

i(t)
+

5A 100 Ω 10 H v (t) 1 mF 200 Ω 0.1 A

−

Combining the two resistors in parallel (100||200 = 100(200)/300 = 66.7 Ω) and

the two current sources, one obtains a parallel RLC circuit

i(t)
+

5.1 A 66.7 Ω 10 H v (t) 1 mF

−

(6) i(0+ ) = i(0− ) = 5 A.

(8) v (0+ ) = v (0− ) = 0 V.

2023EIR211E02 Page 3 of 12 3 July 2023

 (7)

di(0+ ) vL (0+ )
=
dt L
v (0+ )
=
L
0
=
10
= 0 A/s

(5) t → ∞:

5.1 A 66.7 Ω i v
−

i(∞) = 5.1 A.

(3)

1
α=
2RC
1
=
2(66.7)(10−3 )
= 7.5 Np/s

1
ω0 = √
LC
1
=p
10(10−3 )
= 10 rad/s

q
s1,2 = −α ± α2 − ω02
= −7.5 ± j6.61

Therefore, s1 = −7.5 + j6.61.

(4) s2 = −7.5 − j6.61.

(9) Since α < ω0 (s1 and s2 are complex), the response is underdamped ⇒
option 5.

2023EIR211E02 Page 4 of 12 3 July 2023

 (1)

i(t) = i(∞) + it (t)

= i(∞) + e −αt (A1 cos ωd t + A2 sin ωd t)
i(0) = i(∞) + A1
A1 = 5 − 5.1
= −0.1

(2)

di(t)
= −αe −αt (A1 cos ωd t + A2 sin ωd t) + e −αt (−ωd A1 sin ωd t + ωd A2 cos ωd t)
dt
di(0)
= −αA1 + ωd A2
dt
0 = −7.5(−0.1) + 6.61A2
A2 = −0.113

(10)

i(1) = i(∞) + e −α (A1 cos ωd + A2 sin ωd )

= 5.1 + e −7.5 (−0.1 cos 6.61 − 0.113 sin 6.61)
= 5.1 A

Question 2 (6)
Refer to the circuit below. Find the Norton equivalent circuit between terminals a
and b.

2 + j5 Ω j4 Ω
a
+

V0 5 + j3 Ω
−
3V0
+ 9V
−

(11) In the context of finding the Norton equivalent current IN , determine the volt-
age V0 . (2)
(12) Having found V0 , now determine the Norton equivalent current IN . (1)
(13) Determine the Norton equivalent impedance ZN . (3)

2023EIR211E02 Page 5 of 12 3 July 2023

 Solution:

(11) IN : The Norton equivalent current is the short circuit current between ter-
minals a and b.
2 + j5 Ω j4 Ω
a
+

V0 5 + j3 Ω
−
3V0 IN
+ 9V
−

Applying KCL at the node common to the three impedances

V0 V0 + 9
3V0 = +
5 + j3 j4
 j4 
j4(3) − − 1 V0 = 9
5 + j3
9
V0 = j4
j12 − 5+j3
−1
= −0.0922 − j0.778 V
= 0.783∠−96.8◦ V

(12)

V0 + 9
IN =
j4
−0.0922 − j0.778 + 9
=
j4
= −0.194 − j2.23 A
= 2.24∠−95◦ A

(13) ZN : The circuit contains a dependent source, so we need to add a volt-

age/current source of any value between terminals a and b. We elect to
use a current source Is = 1∠0◦ A as the circuit contains a dependent cur-
rent source. All independent sources need to be removed, so the voltage
source is replaced by a short circuit. Then

Vs
ZN =
Is

2023EIR211E02 Page 6 of 12 3 July 2023

 2 + j5 Ω j4 Ω
a
+ +

3V0 V0 5 + j3 Ω Vs Is = 1∠0◦ A

− −
b
Applying KCL at the node common to the three impedances

V0
3V0 + Is =
5 + j3
3(5 + j3)V0 + 5 + j3 = V0
(14 + j9)V0 = −5 − j3
−5 − j3
V0 =
14 + j9
= −0.35 + j0.0108 V

Applying KVL in the rightmost loop

Vs = V0 + j4Is
= −0.35 + j0.0108 + j4
= −0.35 + j4.01 V
= 4.03∠95◦ V

Vs
ZN = = −0.35 + j4.01 (4.03∠95◦ ) Ω
Is

Prof. Joubert’s section

Question 3 (4)
Consider the circuit below. ZL is the load impedance.

(14) What should ZL be to ensure maximum average power transfer to the

load? (2)
2023EIR211E02 Page 7 of 12 3 July 2023
 (15) A 1 mF capacitor is connected in parallel with ZL . Calculate the power factor
(indicate “lag” or “lead” in the unit field of the OCR form) of the combined load
(ZL + capacitor). (2)

Solution:

(14)

(−j2)(8 + j4)
ZTh = (−j2)||(8 + j4) = = 2.17∠−77.5◦ Ω = 0.471 − j2.12 Ω
(−j2 + 8 + j4)

ZL = Z∗Th = 2.17∠77.5◦ Ω = 0.471 + j2.12 Ω

(15)
1 1
ZC = = = −j3.18 Ω
jωC j2π · 50 · 1 × 10−3
(−j3.18)(0.471 + j2.12)
Zcombined = (−j3.18)||(0.471+j2.12) = = 5.95∠53.5◦ Ω
(−j3.18 + 0.471 + j2.12)
=⇒ pf = cos (53.3◦ ) = 0.598 lag

Question 4 (6)
A balanced Y-connected three-phase source is connected to a balanced ∆-connected
load. The positive sequence, 50 Hz voltage source has Van = 220∠0◦ V (rms),
Zline = 1 + j1 Ω and Z∆ = 20 − j5 Ω.

Determine
(16) Ia (2)
(17) VAB (2)
(18) The complex power absorbed by the three-phase load. (2)

2023EIR211E02 Page 8 of 12 3 July 2023

 Solution:

(16)
Z∆ 20 − j5
ZY = = = 6.87∠−14.0◦ Ω
3 3
Single phase eq.circuit:

Van 220∠0◦
Ia = = = 28.6∠4.94◦ A
Zline + ZY 1 + j1 + 6.87∠−14.0◦

(17)
VAN = Ia · ZY = 28.6∠4.94◦ · 6.87∠−14.0◦ = 196∠−9.06◦ V
√
VAB = 3∠30◦ · VAN = 340∠20.9◦ V

(18)

S = 3Sp
= 3Vp I∗p
= 3VAN I∗a
= 3 · 196∠−9.06◦ · 28.6∠−4.94◦
= 16800∠−14◦ VA
= 16.3 − j4.07 kVA

Question 5 (5)
Consider the magnetic circuit in the figure below. The relative permeability of the
core is 1000.

(19) Calculate the reluctance of the core. (2)

2023EIR211E02 Page 9 of 12 3 July 2023

 (20) Calculate the reluctance of the air gap, taking the effect of fringing into ac-
count. (1)
(21) Determine the magnetic flux in the magnetic circuit. (1)
(22) Determine the inductance of the coil. (1)
Note: Write the units A·turns and A·turns/Wb as At and At÷Wb on your OCR
sheet, respectively.

Solution:

(19)
lcore
Rcore =
µcore Acore
(2 × 7) × 10−2 + (2 × 10) × 10−2 − 0.3 × 10−2
=
1000 × 4π × 10−7 · (2 × 3 × 10−4 )
= 0.447 × 106 A · turns/Wb

(20)
lgap
Rgap =
µgap Agap
0.3 × 10−2
=
4π × 10−7 · (2.3 × 3.3 × 10−4 )
= 3.15 × 106 A · turns/Wb

(21)
F 4 × 350
φ= = = 389 µWb
Rcore + Rgap 0.447 × 106 + 3.15 × 106

(22)
N2 3502
L= = = 34.1 mH
R 0.447 × 106 + 3.15 × 106
or
Nφ 350 × 389 × 10−6
L= = = 34.0 mH
i 4

Question 6 (5)
A four-pole 380 V (rms) 50 Hz three-phase wye-connected induction motor draws
21.5 A (rms) at a power factor of 0.855 lagging and operates at 1455 rpm. For all
three phases the total stator copper losses are 400 W, and the rotational losses are
650 W.
Calculate the following:
(23) The total power crossing the air gap of the motor. (1)
(24) The slip. (1)
(25) The total developed power of the motor. (1)

2023EIR211E02 Page 10 of 12 3 July 2023

 (26) The total output power of the motor. (1)
(27) The efficiency of the motor. (1)
Note: Do not write the slip and efficiency as percentages on your OCR form, but
as real numbers to represent the ratios, e.g. 0.352.

Solution:

(23)
380
Pin = 3Vs Is cos (θpf ) = 3 · √ · 21.5 · 0.855 = 12.1 kW
3
Pag = Pin − PCu,s = 12.1 − 0.4 = 11.7 kW

(24)
120f 120 · 50
ns = = = 1500 rpm
P 4
ns − nm 1500 − 1455
=⇒ slip = s = = = 0.03
ns 1500
(25)
Pdev = Pag (1 − s) = 11.7(1 − 0.03) = 11.35 kW

(26)
Pout = Pdev − Prot = 11.35 − 0.65 = 10.7 kW

(27)
Pout 10.7
η= = = 0.884
Pin 12.1

2023EIR211E02 Page 11 of 12 3 July 2023

 Formula sheet

First-order circuit
τ = RC (RC circuit) τ = RL (RL circuit)
Second-order circuit
R 1
α = 2L (series RLC circuit) α = 2RC (parallel RLC circuit)
1
ω0 = √LC
p p
s1 = −α + α2 − ω02 s2 = −α − α2 − ω02

2 2
|VTh,rms |
Pmax = |V Th |
8RTh = 4RTh
θ1 −tan θ2 )
C = ωVQC2 = P(tanωV 2 ZY = Z∆ /3
rms rms
VY = V√∆3 ∠−30◦ φ = BA = µHA = R F
= NiµAl µ = µr µ0
µ0 = 4π × 10−7 f = ilB e = Blu
 2
B2 N2 0
Wv = 2µ L= R ZL = NN12 ZL

−xfull-load
reg = xno-load
xfull-load
ω
× 100% ωs = P/2 ns = 120f
P
ωslip = sω nm = (1 − s)ns Tout = Pωout
m
P
Tdev = Pωdev
m
= ωags Pdev = (1 − s)Pag

2023EIR211E02 Page 12 of 12 3 July 2023