Karan .

Math112-Boos
Assignment 24W - HW10 due 03/20/2024 at 11:59pm PDT

Problem 1. (1 point) Problem 2. (1 point)

Use algebra to simplify the expression before evaluating the limit.  n ∞
Write out the first five terms of the sequence with, n+1 n=1
, de-
In particular, factor the highest power of n from the numerator
termine whether the sequence converges, and if so find its limit.
and denominator, then cancel as many factors of n as possible. If
the sequence does not converge, enter diverges in the final answer n
Enter the following information for an = n+1 .
box.

2 + 5n − 7n2
  a1 =
lim = lim = .
n→∞ 9n − 6n2 − 8 n→∞
Answer(s) submitted: a2 =
2 5
2 + n −7
• n9 8 a3 =
n − 6 − n2
7
• a4 =
6
submitted: (correct)
recorded: (correct) a5 =
Correct Answers: n
5
− 7 + n22 lim =
• n9 8
n→∞ n+1
n − 6 − n2
• 1.16667 (Enter DNE if limit Does Not Exist.)

Does the sequence converge (Enter ”yes” or

”no”).
Solution:

SOLUTION

n
For an = n+1

1
a1 = 2

2
a2 = 3

3
a3 = 4

4
a4 = 5

5
a5 = 6

n 1
lim = lim = 1 so the sequence converges to 1.
n→∞ n + 1 n→∞ 1 + 1n

Answer(s) submitted:
1
•
2
2
•
3
3
•
4
4
•
5
1
 5
•
6 Problem 3. (1 point)
• 1 h i∞
• yes Write out the first five terms of the sequence with, ln(n)
n+1 n=1 , de-
submitted: (correct) termine whether the sequence converges, and if so find its limit.
recorded: (correct)
Correct Answers: ln(n)
1 Enter the following information for an = n+1 .
•
1+1
2 a1 =
•
2+1
3 a2 =
•
3+1
4
• a3 =
4+1
5
•
5+1 a4 =
• 1
• yes
a5 =

ln(n)
lim =
n→∞ n+1

(Enter DNE if limit Does Not Exist.)

Does the sequence converge (Enter ”yes” or

”no”).
Solution:

SOLUTION
ln(n)
For an = n+1

ln 1
a1 = 2 =0

ln 2
a2 = 3

ln 3
a3 = 4

ln 4
a4 = 5

ln 5
a5 = 6

ln(n) 1
lim = lim = 0 so the sequence converges to 0.
n→∞ n + 1 n→∞ n
Answer(s) submitted:
ln(1)
•
2
ln(2)
•
3
ln(3)
•
4
ln(4)
•
5
ln(5)
•
6
• 0
2
 • yes
Problem 6. (1 point)
submitted: (correct)
recorded: (correct)
Correct Answers: Compute the partial sums S2 , S4 , and S6 .
• 0 8 8 8
ln(2) 8+ 2 + 2 + 2 +···
• 2 3 4
2+1
ln(3)
• S2 =
3+1
ln(4)
•
4+1 S4 =
ln(5)
•
5+1 S6 =
• 0
• yes Solution:

Solution: S2 = 8 + 282 = 8 1 + 14 = 8 5



4 ;

S4 = 8 + 282 + 382 + 482 = 8 205

144 ;

Problem 4. (1 point)
S6 = 8 + 282 + 382 + 482 + 582 + 682 = 8 5369


3600 .
If a sequence c1 , c2 , c3 , ... has limit K then the sequence
ec1 , ec2 , ec3 , ... has limit eK . Use this fact together with l’Hopital’s Answer(s) submitted:
8
rule to compute the limit of the sequence given by • 8+ 2
2.3 2
bn = (n) n . 8 8 8
• 8+ 2 + 2 + 2
2 3 4
8 8 8 8 8
• 8+ 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2
Answer(s) submitted: 2 3 4 5 6
submitted: (correct)
• 1
recorded: (correct)
submitted: (correct) Correct Answers:
recorded: (correct) • 10
Correct Answers: • 11.3889
• 1 • 11.9311

Problem 5. (1 point)
Find the limit of the sequence an = arctan(−5n). If the limit does
not exist, type ”Diverges” or ”D”.

Limit:

Answer(s) submitted:
π
• −
2
submitted: (correct)
recorded: (correct)
Correct Answers:
−π
•
2

3
Problem 7. (1 point) Problem 8. (1 point)
∞
6 ∞  
Consider the series ∑ 2 . 1 1
Consider the series ∑ − .
n=1 n + n n=1 n n+1

a. The general formula for the sum of the first n terms is Sn = ∞

. Your answer should be in terms of n. a. The series has the form ∑ an where an =
n=1

b. The sum of a series is defined as the limit of the sequence of

b. The first five terms in the sequence {an } are .
partial sums, which means
Enter a comma separated list of numbers (in order).
∞  
6
∑ n2 + n = n→∞
lim = . c. The first five terms in the sequence of partial sums for this
n=1 series are . Enter a comma separated list of
numbers (in order).
c. Select all true statements (there may be more than one correct
answer): d. The general formula for the partial sum Sn is . Your
• A. Most of the terms in each partial sum cancel out. answer should be in terms of n.
• B. The series is a telescoping series (i.e., it is like a col-
lapsible telescope). e. The sum of a series is defined as the limit of the sequence of
• C. The series is a p-series. partial sums, which means
• D. The series is a geometric series.
• E. The series converges. ∞    
1 1
Answer(s) submitted: ∑ − = lim = .
n=1 n n+1 n→∞
6
• 6−
n+1 f. Select all true statements (there may be more than one correct
6
• 6− answer):
n+1
• 6 • A. The series is a telescoping series (i.e., it is like a col-
• ABE lapsible telescope).
submitted: (correct) • B. The sequence {an } converges to 1.
recorded: (correct) • C. The series converges to 1.
Correct Answers: • D. The sequence {an } converges to 0.
6
• 6− • E. Most of the terms in each partial sum cancel out.
n+1
6 • F. The series converges to 0.
• 6− • G. Telescoping series always converge.
n+1
• 6 Answer(s) submitted:
• ABE 1
•
n(n + 1)
1 1 1 1 1
• , , , ,
1·2 2·3 3·4 4·5 5·6
1 1 1 1 1
• 1− ,1− ,1− ,1− ,1−
2 3 4 5 6
1
• 1−
n+1
1
• 1−
n+1
• 1
• ACDE
submitted: (correct)
recorded: (correct)
Correct Answers:
1 1
• −
n n+1
• 0.5, 0.166667, 0.0833333, 0.05, 0.0333333
• 0.5, 0.666667, 0.75, 0.8, 0.833333
1
• 1−
n+1
4
 1
• 1−
n+1 Problem 10. (1 point)
• 1  
1
• ACDE Consider the sequence {an } = .
2n

a. The first five terms in this sequence are . Enter a

comma separated list of numbers (in order).

b. The first five partial sums of this sequence are .

Enter a comma separated list of numbers (in order).
Problem 9. (1 point)
∞
7 c. The sum of the first n terms of the sequence is the partial sum
Consider the series ∑ 2n .
n=0
Sn = 21 + 14 + 18 + · · · + 21n = . Your answer should be in
terms of n.
a. The general formula for the nth partial sum is Sn =
. Your answer should be in terms of n. d. The sum of all terms in the sequence is defined as the the
limit of the partial sums, which means
b. The sum of a series is defined as the limit of the sequence of  
∞
partial sums, which means 1
∑ 2n = n→∞
lim = .
  n=1
∞
7
∑ 2n = n→∞
lim = .
e. Select all true statements (there may be more than one correct
n=0
answer):
c. Select all true statements (there may be more than one correct • A. The sequence converges to 0.
answer): • B. The sequence converges to 1.
• A. The series is a telescoping series (i.e., it is like a col- • C. The limit of the sequence of partial sums is 0.
lapsible telescope). • D. The limit of the sequence of partial sums is 1.
• B. The series is a p-series. • E. The series converges to 0.
• C. The series is a geometric series. • F. The series converges to 1.
• D. The series converges. Answer(s) submitted:
Answer(s) submitted: 1 1 1 1 1
• 1, 2, 3, 4, 5

n+1  2 2 2 2 2
7 21 −1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
• • , + 2, 1 + 2 + 3, 1 + 2 + 3 + 4, 1 + 2 + 3 +
1
−1  2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
 2
n+1 1 1
7 2 1
−1 4
+ 5
2  2

•

1 1 n
1 −1
2 −1 •
2 2
7 1
•  2
−n·1
1
1 − 12

1 1
2 2 −1
• CD • 1
submitted: (correct) 2 −1
1
recorded: (correct) • 2
Correct Answers: 1 − 12
1 − 0.5n+1 1 − 0.5n • ADF
• 7 or 7
0.5 0.5 submitted: (correct)
1 − 0.5n+1 1 − 0.5n recorded: (correct)
• 7 or 7
0.5 0.5 Correct Answers:
• 14
• CD • 0.5, 0.25, 0.125, 0.0625, 0.03125
• 0.5, 0.75, 0.875, 0.9375, 0.96875
1
• 1− n
2
1
• 1− n
2
• 1
• ADF

5
  
1 1
• 9· −
Problem 11. (1 point) 22 32 !
1 1
∞ • 9 −
Let S = ∑ an be an infinite series such that SN = 4 − N92 . (n − 1)2 n2
n=1 • 4
submitted: (correct)
10 16
(a) What are the values of ∑ an and ∑ an ? recorded: (correct)
n=1 n=4 Correct Answers:
10
• 3.91
∑ an =
n=1 • 0.964844
16 • 1.25
∑ an = 9(2n − 1)
n=4 •
(n(n − 1))2
• 4
(b) What is the value of a3 ?
a3 =
Problem 12. (1 point)
(c) Find a general formula for an . Let
an = 9n
an = .
12n + 7
∞ For the following answer blanks, decide whether the given se-
(d) Find the sum ∑ an .
n=1 quence or series is convergent or divergent. If convergent, enter
∞ the limit (for a sequence) or the sum (for a series). If divergent,
∑ an =
n=1 enter ’infinity’ if it diverges to ∞, ’-infinity’ if it diverges to −∞
Solution: or ’DNE’ otherwise.
∞
9n
Solution: (a) (a) The series ∑ 12n + 7 .
10 n=1 
9 
∑ an = S10 = 4 − = 3.91; 9n
102 (b) The sequence .
n=1 12n + 7
16 Answer(s) submitted:
∑ an = (a1 + . . . + a16 ) − (a1 + a2 + a3 ) = S16 − S3 • ∞
3
n=4 •

9
 
9

9 9 4
= 4− 2 − 4− 2 = − ≈ 0.96484375. submitted: (correct)
16 3 9 256 recorded: (correct)
(b) Correct Answers:
a3 = (a1 + a2 + a3 ) − (a1 + a2 ) = S3 − S2 = • ∞
    3
9 9 9 9 •
4 − 2 − 4 − 2 = − ≈ 1.25. 4
3 2 4 9
(c) Since an = Sn − Sn−1 , we have:
    Problem 13. (1 point)
9 9 9 9
an = Sn − Sn−1 = 4 − 2 − 4 − 2
= 2
− 2 Determine whether the series is convergent or divergent. If con-
n (n − 1) (n − 1) n
vergent, find the sum; if divergent, enter div .
9(n2 − (n − 1)2 ) 9(n2 − n2 + 2n − 1) 9(2n − 1)
= = = . ∞
(n(n − 1))2 (n(n − 1))2 (n(n − 1))2 ∑ arctan(5n)
∞ n=1
(d) The sum ∑ an is the limit of the partial sums SN . Hence; Answer:
n=1
  Answer(s) submitted:
∞
9 • DIV
lim SN = lim 4 − 2 = 4.
∑ an = N→∞
n=1
N→∞ N submitted: (correct)
Answer(s) submitted:
recorded: (correct)
Correct Answers:
9
• 4− • div
100
247
•
256
6
 This first question is closely related to the second question, of
Problem 14. (1 point) course, because it is the integral test on the given series. However
Find the value of it is important first to check that the integral test does indeed ap-
3 ln(x)
Z ∞
dx ply. We find that since ln(x) and x−8 are both positive continuous
1 x8 functions, the series is positive and continuous. (The only possi-
ble introduced discontinuity would be at x8 = 0, but that does not
occur on the domain of integration [1, ∞).) Since x8 grows much
Determine whether the series converges or diverges:
faster than ln(x), the series is decreasing. We can see more clearly
∞
3 ln(n) why this is the case, because
∑ 8
n=1 n
 1 8 7
x · x − 8x ln(x)

d ln(x) 1 − 8 ln(x)
= = ,
Enter A if the series is convergent, or B if it is divergent. dx x 8 x 16 x9
which is negative for all x > e1/8 .
Solution: Solution:
Thus all conditions for the integral test apply, and the fact that our
integral yielded a real number shows that the series converges.
By definition,
Answer(s) submitted:
Z ∞
3 ln(x)
Z t
3 ln(x) 3
dx = lim dx . •
x8 t→∞ 1 x8 49
1 • A
To compute this integral, we integrate by parts, using the formula submitted: (correct)
recorded: (correct)
Z Z
Correct Answers:
udv = uv − vdu
• 0.0612244897959184
• A
and substituting u = ln(x) and dv = x−8 dx, so that du = dx
x and
1
v = −8+1 (x−8+1 ) = − 7x17 :

Z t Z t
3 ln(x) dx
lim dx = 3 lim ln(x) ·
t→∞ 1 x8 t→∞ 1 x8

 t Z t  
ln(x) 1 dx
= 3 lim − 7 − −
t→∞ 7x 1 1 7x7 x

  Z t 
3 ln(t) ln(1) dx
=− lim − 7 − lim
7 t→∞ t 7 1 t→∞ 1 x8

1 t
   
3 0
=− 0− + lim
7 1 t→∞ 7x7
1

 
3 1 1
=− lim −
7 t→∞ 7t 7 7 · 17

 
3 1
=− 0−
7 7

3
= = 0.0612244897959184 .
49

7
 4
Solution: (3). The function f (x) = x·ln(9x) is continuous because
Problem 15. (1 point) its numerator is a constant and its denominator is the product of
Test each of the following series for convergence by the Integral two continuous functions, x and ln(9x), neither of which is ever 0
Test. (Don’t use any other tests.) If the Integral Test, by itself, can on the domain [1, ∞). It is positive because each of the aforemen-
be applied to the series to determine whether it converges, enter tioned constituent functions is positive on the given domain, and
CONV if it converges or DIV if it diverges. If the integral test it is decreasing because all the functions that make up the denom-
cannot be applied to the series, enter NA. inator are decreasing (with the numerator constant). So we can
apply the integral test:
(Note: this means that even if you know a given series converges
9
4 4
Z ∞ Z ∞
by using some other test, or some other test combined with the dx = x
dx
integral test, but the integral test, all by itself, does not determine 1 x · ln(9x) 9 1 ln(9x)
the answer then you must enter NA rather than CONV.)
4
∞
ln (3n) = ln(ln(9x))|∞
1
1. ∑ n 9
n=1
∞
n+3 4
2. ∑

n = lim ln(ln(9x)) − ln(ln(9 · 1))
n=1 (−3) 9 x→∞
∞
4
3. ∑
n=1 n ln(9n) 4
∞
4 = (∞ − ln(ln(9 · 1))) = ∞
4. ∑ 9
n(ln(9n))6
n=1 The integral diverges, so the series diverges.
∞
5. ∑ ne8n Solution: (4). The function f (x) = 4
is continuous be-
n=1 x(ln(9x))6
Solution: (1). The function f (x) = ln(3x) is continuous because it cause its numerator is a constant and its denominator is the prod-
x
is the quotient of two continuous functions, ln(3x) and x, and the uct of two continuous functions, x and (ln(9x))6 , neither of which
denominator is not 0 anywhere on the domain ([1, ∞)). It is posi- is ever 0 on the domain [1, ∞). It is positive because each of the
tive because ln(3x) and x are positive on the same domain, and it aforementioned constituent functions is positive on the given do-
is decreasing because the logarithm grows slower than the linear main, and it is decreasing because all the functions that make up
function x. So we may apply the Integral Test: the denominator are decreasing (with the numerator constant). So
  we can apply the integral test:
ln(3x) 1 ∞ 3
Z ∞ Z
dx = (ln(3x))1 dx 4 4 ∞
 
−6 9
Z ∞ Z
1 x 3 1 x dx = (ln(9x)) dx
6 9 1 x
1 x (ln(9x))
! ∞
1 (ln(3x))2
= ! ∞
3 2 4 (ln(9x))−6+1
1 =
9 −6 + 1
1
2 2
lim (ln(3x)) − (ln(3 · 1))
x→∞ !
= 4 1 1
2·3 = lim −
9(−5) x→∞ (ln(9x))5 (ln(9))5
∞ − ln(2 · 3)
= =∞
2·3
!
4 1
The integral diverges, so the series diverges. = 0−
9(−5) (ln(9))5
x+3
Solution: (2). The function f (x) = oscillates between posi-
(−3)x
tive and negative values due to its denominator, so the integral test
−4
does not apply directly, so NA is the correct answer. =
9(−5) (ln(c))5
(However the integral test can be used to show that the series The integral converges, so the series converges.
converges absolutely , so the additional fact that absolute con-
vergence implies convergence shows that the series does, in fact, Solution: (5). The function f (x) = xe8x is increasing because it
converge.) is the product of positive increasing functions. Therefore it is not
8
a decreasing function, so the Integral Test does not apply, and the
correct answer is NA. Problem 16. (1 point)
Answer(s) submitted:
Use the Integral Test to determine whether the infinite series is
• DIV
• NA convergent.
∞
2
• DIV
• CONV
∑ 2ne−n
n=3
• NA Fill in the corresponding integrand and the value of the improper
submitted: (correct) integral.
recorded: (correct) Enter inf for ∞, -inf for −∞, and DNE if the limit does not exist.
Correct Answers:
R∞
• DIV Compare with 3 dx =
• NA
• DIV By the Integral Test,
• CONV ∞
2
• NA the infinite series ∑ 2ne−n
n=3
• A. converges
• B. diverges

Solution:

Solution:
2
Let f (x) = 2xe−x . This function is continuous and positive on the
interval x ≥ 3. Moreover, because
2
f ′ (x) = 2e−x 1 − 2x2 ,

we see that f ′ (x) < 0 for x ≥ 3, so f is decreasing on the interval

x ≥ 3. The Integral Test therefore applies. To evaluate the im-
proper integral, we use the substitution u = x2 , du = 2x dx. We
then find

Z ∞ Z R
2 2
2xe−x dx = lim 2xe−x dx
3 R→∞ 3
2  2  1
= − lim e−R − e−9 = 9 .
2 R→∞ e
∞
2
The integral converges; hence the series ∑ 2ne−n also con-
n=3
verges.

Answer(s) submitted:
2
−x
• 2xe
 
• − 0 − e−9
• A
submitted: (correct)
recorded: (correct)
Correct Answers:
2
• 2xe−x
• 0.00012340980408668
• A

9
Problem 17. (1 point) Problem 18. (1 point)
∞
Use any method to determine whether the series converges.
Use the limit comparison test to determine whether ∑ an =
n=8
∞
k3 ∞
2n3 − 3n2 + 8
(a) ∑ k4 + 8 ∑ 2 + 9n4 converges or diverges.
k=1 n=8
∞
1
[?/Converges/Diverges] (a) Choose a series ∑ bn with terms of the form bn = n p and
n=8
∞
√ apply the limit comparison test. Write your answer as a fully
k
(b) ∑ 4 simplified fraction. For n ≥ 8,
k=1 k + 8 an
lim = lim
n→∞ bn n→∞
[?/Converges/Diverges]
(b) Evaluate the limit in the previous part. Enter ∞ as infinity and
Solution: −∞ as -infinity. If the limit does not exist, enter DNE.
an
lim =
SOLUTION n→∞ bn

(c) By the limit comparison test, does the series converge, di-
k3 1
(a) Using the limit comparison test with ak = k4 +8
and bk = k verge, or is the test inconclusive?
• Choose
k4
 
1 • Converges
ρ = lim = 1, so the series is Divergent, since bk = k
k→∞ k4 + 8 • Diverges
gives a divergent p-series. • Inconclusive
√ Answer(s) submitted:
(b) Using the limit comparison test with ak = k
and bk = √1  
k4 +8 k7 • 2n3 − 3n2 + 8 n
• 2 + 9n4
k4
 
2
ρ = lim = 1, so the series is Convergent, since bk = •
k→∞ k4 + 8 9
√1 gives a convergent p-series. • Diverges
k7
submitted: (correct)
recorded: (correct)
Answer(s) submitted: Correct Answers:
• Diverges • 2n4 − 3n3 + 8n
• Converges • 9n4 + 2
submitted: (correct) • 0.222222
recorded: (correct) • Diverges
Correct Answers:
• Diverges
• Converges

10
Problem 19. (1 point) Problem 20. (1 point)
Test each of the following series for convergence by either the The three series ∑ An , ∑ Bn , and ∑ Cn have terms
Comparison Test or the Limit Comparison Test. If at least one test 1 1 1
can be applied to the series, enter CONV if it converges or DIV if An = 10 , Bn = 2 , Cn = .
n n n
it diverges. If neither test can be applied to the series, enter NA. Use the Limit Comparison Test to compare the following series
(Note: this means that even if you know a given series converges to any of the above series. For each of the series below, you must
by some other test, but the comparison tests cannot be applied to enter two letters. The first is the letter (A,B, or C) of the series
it, then you must enter NA rather than CONV.) above that it can be legally compared to with the Limit Compari-
son Test. The second is C if the given series converges, or D if it
√ diverges. So for instance, if you believe the series converges and
∞
cos2 (n) n can be compared with series C above, you would enter CC; or if
1. ∑ n4
n=1 √ you believe it diverges and can be compared with series A, you
∞
3n9 − n5 + 9 n would enter AD.
2. ∑ 11 4
n=1 8n − n + 5
∞
9n4
3. ∑ 9 ∞
2n2 + n10
n=1 n + 6 1. ∑ 1496n12 + 12n2 + 9
∞
(−1)n n=1
4. ∑ 8n ∞
9n2 + 3n9
n=1 √ 2. ∑
∞
cos(n) n n=1 2n10 + 12n3 − 2
5. ∑ ∞
3n6 + n2 − 3n
n=1 9n + 6 3. ∑
Answer(s) submitted: n=1 12n16 − 9n12 + 8
• CONV Answer(s) submitted:
• CONV • BC
• CONV • CD
• NA • AC
• NA submitted: (correct)
submitted: (correct) recorded: (correct)
recorded: (correct) Correct Answers:
Correct Answers: • BC
• CONV • CD
• CONV • AC
• CONV
• NA
• NA

11
 5. For all n > 2, n21−3 < n12 , and the series ∑ n12 converges,
Problem 21. (1 point)
so by the Comparison Test, the series ∑ n21−3 converges.
Each of the following statements is an attempt to show that a 1
6. For all n > 1, n ln(n) < 2n , and the series 2 ∑ 1n diverges, so
given series is convergent or divergent using the Comparison Test
1
(NOT the Limit Comparison Test.) For each statement, enter C by the Comparison Test, the series ∑ n ln(n) diverges.
(for ”correct”) if the argument is valid, or enter I (for ”incorrect”) Answer(s) submitted:
if any part of the argument is flawed. (Note: if the conclusion is • C
true but the argument that led to it was wrong, you must enter I.) • I
• I
• C
arctan(n) •
1. For all n > 1, n3
< π
2n3
, and the series π
2 ∑ n13 con- I
• I
verges, so by the Comparison Test, the series ∑ arctan(n)
n3
converges. submitted: (correct)
n
2. For all n > 1, 7−n 1 1 recorded: (correct)
3 < n2 , and the series ∑ n2 converges,
n Correct Answers:
so by the Comparison Test, the series ∑ 7−n3 converges.
ln(n) 1
• C
3. For all n > 2, n2
> n2
, and the series ∑ n12 converges, so • I
by the Comparison Test, the series ∑ ln(n)
n2
converges. • I
ln(n) • C
4. For all n > 2, n > n1 , and the series ∑ 1n diverges, so by • I
the Comparison Test, the series ∑ ln(n)
n diverges. • I

Generated by ©WeBWorK, http://webwork.maa.org, Mathematical Association of America

12