Karan .

Math112-Boos
Assignment 24W - HW12 due 04/10/2024 at 11:59pm PDT

submitted: (correct)
Problem 1. (1 point) recorded: (correct)
Find all the values of x such that the given series would converge. Correct Answers:
• −0.5
• Y
• 0.5
∞
(2x)n • Y
∑ 6
n=1 n

The series is convergent

from x = , left end included (Y,N):

to x = , right end included(Y,N):

Solution: Solution:

We must find the interval of convergence. We use the ratio test,

which is very trustworthy for this purpose:
 n+1 
(2x)
(n+1)6 2x
lim  n  = lim
n→∞ (2x) n→∞ n+1 6

= |2x|
n6 n

Then we use the resulting expression to get the interval of conver-

gence by checking when it is less than 1:
1 −1 1
|2x| < 1 ⇐⇒ |x| < ⇐⇒ <x<
2 2 2
Thus we must simply check endpoints now.

−1
When x = 2 :
∞
(2x)n ∞
(−1)n
∑ 6
=∑ 6
n=1 n n=1 n
1
This is convergent by the alternating series test, since clearly n6
approaches 0.

When x = 12 :
(2x)n
∞ ∞
1
∑ 6
=∑ 6
n=1 n n=1 n
This is convergent as a p-series by box #1, p.716.
Answer(s) submitted:
1
• −
2
• Y
1
•
2
• Y
1
Problem 2. (1 point) Problem 3. (1 point)
Consider the series Find the interval of convergence of
∞
(6x)n
∑ . ∞
n2 x4n
n=1 n ∑ .
n=1 24n
Find the interval of convergence of this power series by first using
the ratio test to find its radius of convergence and then testing the
series’ behavior at the endpoints of the interval specified by the interval of convergence =
radius of convergence. (Enter your answer as an interval: thus, if the interval of conver-
interval of convergence = gence were −3 < x ≤ 5, you would enter (-3,5]. Use Inf for any
(Enter your answer as an interval: thus, if the interval of conver- endpoint at infinity.)
gence were −3 < x ≤ 5, you would enter (-3,5]. Use Inf for any Solution:
endpoint at infinity.)
Solution: SOLUTION

SOLUTION We use the ratio test:

2
(n + 1)2 x4(n+1) 24n x4

an+1 n+1
Let Cn = 6n /n. Then replacing n by n + 1 gives Cn+1 = 6n+1 /(n + = · 2 4n = · .
an 24(n+1) n x n 16
1). Using the ratio test, we have
 Since (n + 1)/n → 1 as n → ∞, we have
6n+1 /(n + 1) 6n+1 n

|an+1 | |Cn+1 | n
= |x| = |x| = |x| · = 6|x| . an+1 x4
|an | |Cn | 6n /n n + 1 6n n+1 lim = .
n→∞ an 16
Thus
|an+1 | 4
We have x /16 < 1 when |x| < 2. The radius of convergence is 2
lim = 6|x|.
n→∞ |an | and the series converges for −2 < x < 2.
The radius of convergence is R = 1/6.
We check the endpoints. For x = −2, we have
For x = 1/6 the series becomes the harmonic series ∞
n2 x4n ∞
n2 (−2)4n ∞
∞ ∑ = ∑ = ∑ n2 ,
1 n=1 2
4n
n=1 24n n=1
∑
n=1 n which diverges. Similarly, for x = 2, we have
which diverges. ∞
n2 x4n ∞
n2 24n ∞
∑ 4n
= ∑ 4n = ∑ n2 ,
For x = −1/6 the series becomes the alternating series n=1 2 n=1 2 n=1
which diverges. The series diverges at both endpoints, so the in-
∞
(−1)n
∑ n terval of convergence is −2 < x < 2.
n=1
Answer(s) submitted:
which converges. • (−2, 2)
submitted: (correct)
Thus the interval of convergence is [− 16 , 16 ).
recorded: (correct)
Answer(s) submitted: Correct Answers:
 
1 1 • (−2, 2)
• − ,
6 6
submitted: (correct)
recorded: (correct)
Correct Answers:
 
−1 1
• ,
6 6

2
Problem 4. (1 point) Problem 6. (1 point)
Find the interval of convergence for the given power series.
∞
(x − 6)n For the following function, find the full power series centered at
∑ n x = 0 and then give the first 5 nonzero terms of the power series
n=1 n(−9) and the open interval of convergence.
The series is convergent
from x = , left end included (enter Y or N):
to x = , right end included (enter Y or N): 5
f (x) =
Answer(s) submitted: 2−x
• −3
• N ∞
• 15 f (x) = ∑
n=0
• Y
submitted: (correct) f (x) = + + + + +···
recorded: (correct)
Correct Answers: The open interval of convergence is: (Give your an-
• −3 swer in interval notation.)
• N Answer(s) submitted:
• 15 5  x n
• Y •
22
5 x 0
•
22
5 x 1
•
22
5 x 2
•
22
5 x 3
•
22
Problem 5. (1 point) 5 x 4
•
Find all the values of x such that the given series would converge. 2 2
• (−2, 2)
∞
(−1)n xn submitted: (correct)
∑ 10n (n2 + 5) recorded: (correct)
n=1 Correct Answers:
The series is convergent 5xn
• n+1
from x = , left end included (enter Y or N): 2
5x0
to x = , right end included (enter Y or N): • 0+1
2
Answer(s) submitted: 5x1
• −10 • 1+1
2
• Y 5x2
• 10 • 2+1
2
• Y 5x3
• 3+1
submitted: (correct) 2
5x4
recorded: (correct) • 4+1
Correct Answers: 2
• (−2, 2)
• −10
• Y
• 10
• Y

3
Problem 7. (1 point)

For the following function, find the full power series centered at
x = 0 and then give the first 5 nonzero terms of the power series
and the open interval of convergence.

x9
f (x) =
(1 + 9x)2

∞
f (x) = ∑
n=0

f (x) = + + + + +···

The open interval of convergence is: (Give your an-

swer in interval notation.)
Answer(s) submitted:
• (−1)n (n + 1) · 9n xn+9
• (−1)0 (0 + 1) · 90 x0+9
• (−1)1 (1 + 1) · 91 x1+9
• (−1)2 (2 + 1) · 92 x2+9
• (−1)3 (3 + 1) · 93 x3+9
4
• (−1)
 + 1) · 94 x4+9
(4 
1 1
• − ,
9 9
submitted: (correct)
recorded: (correct)
Correct Answers:
• (−1)n xn+9 (n + 1) · 9n
• x0+9
• −1x1+9 · 2 · 9
• x2+9 · 3 · 92
• −1x3+9 · 4 · 93
• x4+9 · 5 · 94
• (−0.111111, 0.111111)

4
 1 2


2· 3
Problem 8. (1 point) •
3
1 − 13
Part 1 2 · 14

2 1
4
•
3 +
2
∞
n
1 − 14 1 − 14
Starting with the geometric series ∑ x , find a closed form submitted: (correct)
n=0
(when |x| < 1) for the power series: recorded: (correct)
∞ Correct Answers:
∑ nxn−1 = •
1
n=1 (1 − x)2
(Note: Your answer should be a function of x that a pre- x
•
calculus student would recognize.) (1 − x)2
Part 2 2x2
•
(1 − x)3
Using your answer above, find a closed form (when |x| < 1) 1
4
for the power series: •
2
∞ 1 − 14
n
∑ nx = 1 2


3
n=1 • 2·
3
(Note: Your answer should be a function of x that a pre- 1 − 31
calculus student would recognize.) 1 2 1


4 4
• 2·
3 +
2
1 − 41 1 − 41
Part 3
∞
Starting with the geometric series ∑ xn , find a closed form
n=0
(when |x| < 1) for the power series:
∞
∑ n(n − 1)xn =
n=1
(Note: Your answer should be a function of x that a pre-
calculus student would recognize.)

Part 4

Using your answers above, find the exact values of the follow-
ing the power series:
∞
n
∑ 4n =
n=1

∞
n2 − n
∑ n
=
n=1 3

∞
n2
∑ 4n =
n=1

Answer(s) submitted:
1
•
(1 − x)2
x
•
(1 − x)2
2x2
•
(1 − x)3
1
4
•
2
1 − 14
5
Problem 9. (1 point) Problem 10. (1 point)
Part 1
For the following function, find the full power series centered at
Use differentiation and/or integration to express the following x = 0 and then give the first 5 nonzero terms of the power series
function as a power series (centered at x = 0). and the open interval of convergence.

1 x6
f (x) = f (x) =
(5 + x)2 7x8 + 1
∞ ∞
f (x) = ∑ f (x) = ∑
n=0 n=0
Part 2
f (x) = + + + + +···
Use your answer above (and more differentiation/integration)
to now express the following function as a power series (cen- The open interval of convergence is: (Give your an-
tered at x = 0). swer in interval notation.)
Answer(s) submitted:
• (−7)n x8n+6
1
g(x) = • (−7)0 x8·0+6
(5 + x)3 • (−7)1 x8·1+6
• (−7)2 x8·2+6
∞
• (−7)3 x8·3+6
g(x) = ∑
n=0 • (−7)4 x8·4+6
 1  1 !
Part 3 1 8 1 8
• − ,
7 7
Use your answers above to now express the function as a
submitted: (correct)
power series (centered at x = 0).
recorded: (correct)
Correct Answers:
x2 • (−1)n x8n+6 · 7n
h(x) = • (−1)0 x0·8+6 · 70
(5 + x)3
• (−1)1 x1·8+6 · 71
∞
• (−1)2 x2·8+6 · 72
h(x) = • (−1)3 x3·8+6 · 73
∑
n=0 • (−1)4 x4·8+6 · 74
Answer(s) submitted: • (−0.784084, 0.784084)
(−1)n (n + 1) xn
•
5n+2
(−1)n (n + 2)(n + 1) xn
•
2 · 5n+3
(−1)n (n + 2)(n + 1) xn+2
•
2 · 5n+3
submitted: (correct)
recorded: (correct)
Correct Answers:
(−1)n (n + 1) xn
•
5n+2
(−1)n (n + 1)(n + 2) xn
•
2 · 5n+3
(−1)n (n + 1)(n + 2) xn+2
•
2 · 5n+3

6
Problem 11. (1 point) Problem 12. (1 point)
Let c0 + c1 (x − a) + c2 (x − a)2 + · · · + cn (x − a)n be the Taylor se- Use sigma notation to write the Maclaurin series for the function,
ries of the function f (x) = x2 sin(x). e2x .
For a = 0 determine the value of c3 .
∞
Maclaurin series = ∑
c3 = k=0
Solution:
Solution:
SOLUTION
SOLUTION
Let
f n (0)
The nth coefficient of the Taylor series is given by: n! .
f (x) = e2x , f ′ (x) = 2e2x , f ′′ (x) = 4e2x
.
First calculate the first 3 derivatives:
f ′ (x) = 2x sin(x) + x2 cos(x), f (0) = 1, f ′ (0) = 2, f ′′ (0) = 4
f ′′ (x) = 2 sin(x) + 4 cos(x) − x2 sin(x), We can see that
f ′′′ (x) = 6 cos(x) − 6x sin(x) − x2 cos(x). f (k) (0) = (2)k
so that the Maclaurin series is
f ′′′ (0) = 6. ∞
(2)k xk
=∑
Therefore, c3 = 1. k=0 k!
Answer(s) submitted: Answer(s) submitted:
6 cos(0) 2k xk
• •
3! k!
submitted: (correct) submitted: (correct)
recorded: (correct) recorded: (correct)
Correct Answers: Correct Answers:
• 1 2k xk
•
k!

7
Problem 13. (1 point)
By recognizing each series below as a Taylor series evaluated at a
particular value of x, find the sum of each convergent series.
2 3 4 n
A. 1 + 5 + 52! + 53! + 54! + · · · + 5n! + · · · =

B. 1 + 15 + ( 51 )2 + ( 15 )3 + ( 51 )4 + · · · + ( 51 )n + · · · =
Solution:

SOLUTION

A. This is the series for ex with x replaced by 5, so the series con-

verges to e5 .

1
B. This is the series for 1−x with x replaced by 15 , so the series
converges to 1 1 .
1− 5
Answer(s) submitted:
• e5
1
•
1 − 15
submitted: (correct)
recorded: (correct)
Correct Answers:
• 148.413159102577
• 1.25

Problem 14. (1 point)

√ nonzero terms of the Taylor series for the
Find the first three
function f (x) = 10x − x2 about the point a = 5. (Your answers
should include the variable x when appropriate.)
√
10x − x2 = + + +
...
Answer(s) submitted:
• 5
1
• − (x − 5)2
10
−5(x − 5)4
•
8 · 252
submitted: (correct)
recorded: (correct)
Correct Answers:
• 5
−1
• (x − 5)2
10
−1
• (x − 5)4
1000

8
 • 9
Problem 15. (1 point) 4x − (5 + 4x)
•
5 + 4x x2
Let f (x) = . • −5
x (4x − (5 + 4x)) · 2x
• −
2
Compute x2
• 10
2
2(4x − (5 + 4x)) x2 − (4x − (5 + 4x)) · 2x · 2x2 · 2x
• − 
2
2
f (x) = f (1) = x2
f ′ (x) = f ′ (1) = • −30
f ′′ (x) = f ′′ (1) = 2(4x − (5 + 4x)) · 2x2 · 2x − 2(4x − (5 + 4x)) · 2x2 · 2x + (4x − (5 + 4x)
f ′′′ (x) = f ′′′ (1) = • −
f (iv) (x) = f (iv) (1) =
f (v) (x) = f (v) (1) = • 120

2(4x − (5 + 4x)) 2 · 2x · 2x + 2 · 2x2 − 2(4x − (5 + 4x)) 2 · 2x · 2x +


We see that the first term does not fit a pattern, but we also see • −
that f (k) (1) = for k ≥ 1.
Hence we see that the Taylor series for f centered at 1 is given by
∞ • −600
f (x) = 9 + ∑ (x − 1)k . • (−1)k (k!) · 5
k=1 • (−1)k · 5
Hint: If you rewrite the function using some algebra you will find Problem 16. (1 point)
the derivatives a lot easier to compute, the quotient rule can be π
Write the Taylor series for f (x) = sin(x) at x = as
avoided altogether 2
∞ n
 π 
Answer(s) submitted: ∑ cn x − 2 .
5 + 4x n=0
• Find the first five coefficients.
x
5+4·1
• c0 =
1
5
• − 2 c1 =
x
5 c2 =
• −
1 c3 =
10
• 3
x c4 =
10
• Answer(s) submitted:
1

30 sin π2
• − 4 •
x 0!

30 cos π2
• − •
1 1!

120 sin π2
• 5 • −
x 2!

120
• cos π2
1 • −
600 3!

• − 6 sin π2
x •
600 4!
• − submitted: (correct)
1
• 5(−1)k (k!) recorded: (correct)
• (−1)k · 5 Correct Answers:
submitted: (correct) • 1
recorded: (correct) • 0
Correct Answers: • −0.5
5 + 4x • 0
• • 0.0416667
x

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