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2020 Wts 12 Analytical Geometry
2020 Wts 12 Analytical Geometry
COM
WTS TUTORING
GRADE : 12
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TWITER : WTSTUTOR
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ANALYTICAL GEOMETRY
Analytical Geometry is the use of formulae to analyse the length, gradient and
Remember the theorem of Pythagoras – it states that the hypotenuse squared is equal
GRADIENT
The gradient works out the slope of the graph – or the ratio of the height to the length.
CO-LINEAR POINTS
Three points are collinear when all three points lie on the same line and we check this
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When one line is parallel to another line, the gradients are equal:
When one line is perpendicular (at a right angle) to another line, the gradients are the
MIDPOINT
To find the midpoint of two coordinates you have to find the “average” of the two
&
MIDPOINT THEOREM:
If two midpoints on adjacent sides of a triangle are joined by a straight line, the
line will be parallel to and half the distance of the third side of the triangle.
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EQUATIONS OF STRAIGHT LINES
KEY:
TWO COORDINATES
If you are given two coordinates work out the gradient, then substitute it into the
Determine if your gradient is the same (parallel lines) or the negative inverse of the
ANGLE OF INCLINATION
The angle of inclination tells you at what angle the straight line crosses the -axis.
To work out the angle of inclination first work out your gradient, then substitute it
FORMULA:
Remember that when your gradient is positive you can simply use the angle given
when you work it out, however, if your gradient is NEGATIVE then work out the
angle using a positive value of the gradient then subtract the angle from 180°.
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EQUATION OF A CIRCLE
Key notes:
normal is not the radius but can go through the circle or be outside the circle.
A chord touches the circle twice internally and divides the circle into segments
r is the radius and x and y is the coordinate at a point through the circle.
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CIRCLE WITH ANY CENTRE
Essentially a circle with any centre is simply a circle with a centre at the origin that
r is the radius
We need to be able to complete the square in order to find the co-ordinates of the
Step 1: Rewrite the equation: The x and y terms are written separately and the
Step 2: Halve the co-efficient of x and add the square of the result on both sides of the
Step 3: Factorise
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A tangent is a straight line that is drawn perpendicular to the circle’s radius and
To work out the equation of the tangent use the straight line formula:
x and y: are the coordinates that the tangent touches the circle at
m: is the gradient – you find the gradient by working out the gradient of the gradient
of the radius from the centre of the circle to the point where the tangent touches the
circle. Then find its negative inverse – this is the gradient of the tangent.
c: is the y-intercept – substitute x, y and m into the straight line equation and solve for
c.
mradius × mtangent = –1 this means the radius and the tangent form of a 90° angle at
If we have 2 solutions it proves that the line intersects the circle of 2 places and is
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TANGENT (ONLY 1 SOLUTION)
2 SOLUTIONS
If the simultaneous yields no solution then the line and the circle do not intersect
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so that we can determine the co-ordinates of the centre of the circle and the radius.
Then add R (the radius of the one circle) to r the radius of the other:
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ONE CIRCLE INSIDE ANOTHER
In this example this does not mean the circles intersect as the smaller circle is inside
the bigger circle. (A simultaneous equation between the two circles will yield no
solution)
KUTHI HUUU!!!
Median: Line from the vertex of a triangle to the midpoint of the opposite side.
Altitude: Perpendicular line drawn from a side of a triangle to the opposite vertex.
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TRIANGLES
1. SCALENE TRIANGLE
2. ISOSCELES TRIANGLE
3. EQUILATERAL TRIANGLE
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4. RIGHT-ANGLED TRIANGLE
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Kwv 1
Draw shape of the following triangles and write the conclusion of each
a) Scalene Triangle
b) Isosceles Triangle
c) Equilateral Triangle
d) Right-Angled Triangle
Use the slope formula twice. (Find the slopes of the two lines.)
Determine that the slopes are equal, therefore the lines are parallel.
Use the slope formula twice. (Find the slopes of the two lines.)
Determine that the slope are negative reciprocals of each other, therefore the lines are
perpendicular.
Use the slope formula twice. (Find the slopes of the legs.)
Determine that since the slopes are negative reciprocals of each other, the lines are
perpendicular, forming a right angle. This makes the triangle a right angle.
OR
Use the distance formula three times. (Find the length of the three sides.).
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Determine that the square of the length of the hypotenuse (the longest side) is equal to the
sum of the squares of the length of the two adjacent legs, that is, use the Pythagorean
Theorem ( ).
A triangle is isosceles
Use the distance formula twice. (Find the length of two congruent sides.)
Determine that since the lengths of two sides are equal, the triangle is isosceles.
Use the distance formula three times. (Find right triangle the lengths of the three sides.)
Determine that since the lengths of two sides are equal and that the square of the length of the
hypotenuse is equal to the sum of the square of the lengths of the two adjacent legs
OR
Use the slope formula twice and the distance formula twice. (Find the slopes and the lengths
First, prove the triangle is a right triangle (see above), and then use the distance formula to
find the lengths of the two legs of the triangle. Since the lengths of two sides are equal, the
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PROPERRTIES OF QUADRILATERALS
TRAPEZIUM
PARALLELOGRAM
RECTANGLE
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RHOMBUS
SQUARE
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KITE
Method 2: Calculate the distances of all three sides and then test the Pythagorean’s theorem
to show the three lengths make the Pythagorean’s theorem true.
Method 2: Show both pairs of opposite sides are parallel by showing they have equal slopes.
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Method 3: Show both pairs of opposite sides are equal by using distance.
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Kwv 1
In order to prove that one of the following quadrilaterals, you will need to prove at least one
of the following:
a) Parallelograms
b) Rectangle
c) Rhombus
d) Square
e) Trapezium
f) kite
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ANALYTICAL GEOMETRY
Kwv 1
In the diagram below, A (–1 ; 0), B, C(2 ; –2) and D are the vertices of a trapezium having
y
D
θ
E(2; 2)
●
A(–1; 0) Gα
x
B C(2; –2)
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Kwv 2
In the diagram below, A(– 1 ; 4), B(– 2 ; – 1), C(3 ; p) and D(x ; y) are four points in a
Cartesian plane. M is the midpoint of AC, B̂ = 90o and the inclination of line AB is θ.
A(– 1 ; 4)
D(x ; y)
θ x
B(–2 ;–1)
C (3 ; p)
b. Show that .
d. Determine the equation of a circle, with centre M, passes through the points A and C.
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Kwv 3
In the figure below, T is a point on the x-axis. A circle having T as its centre intersects
centre N at P.
P(4 ; 5)
N(2 ; 3)
M x
O T
working out
g) Hence, write down the equation of the circle with the center T
h) K is a point on the circumference drawn from PT to form a straight line and, then
(i) Coordinate of K
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(ii) Length of PK
(iii) Calculate the area of circle centered at T. Give your answer rounded off to
Kwv 4
c. Hence, show that the circles described in a) and b) intersect each other.
g. Using equation in number a) check whether point ( ) lies on the circle or not?
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Kwv 5
Given circle x2 – 2x + y2 – 16y + 39 = 0 with centre W and y-intercepts B(0 ; r) and C(0 ; t)
where r < t.
Kwv 6
b. In how many points do these two circles intersect? Justify your answer.
Kwv 7
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KWV QP 02 #2017 MAY-JUNE
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KWV M 02 #2017 MAY-JUNE
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KWV QP 03 #2018 MAY-JUNE
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KWV M 03 #2018 MAY-JUNE
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MERCY!!!!!
Our vision is to create a majority of learners who will master Maths and Science around the country
MTUBATUBA
EMPANGENI
ESKHAWINI
DURBAN
PMB
GRADES : 8 TO 12
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DAYS : SATURDAYS
ACCOMMODATION IS AVAILABLE!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
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