TOPIC 14: SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY

Day 1 - Attribution and Attitudes

Do Now: AP Review - Write down everything you remember about each of the following terms. Remember that forcing yourself
to try to retrieve the information instead of just looking it up/copying down the answer is much better for your retention!

Correlational study: Yerkes-Dodson Law:

Adrenal glands: Retina:

Social Psychology

Social psychology: The scientific study of how we: Social cognition:

OBEDIENCE CONFORMITY PREJUDICE

AGGRESSION ALTRUISM ATTRACTION
Attribution

Attribution Theory (Fritz Heider): The theory that we explain someone’s behavior by crediting either:

AP Psychology | Topic 14 | Page 1

 TOPIC 14: SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY

Dispositional attributions: Situational attributions:

Fundamental attribution error:

What impacts attributions?

Just world phenomenon: Defensive attribution:

Why do attributions matter?

AP Psychology | Topic 14 | Page 2

 TOPIC 14: SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY

Attitude

Attitude:

How are we persuaded to develop different attitudes?

Central route of persuasion: Peripheral route of persuasion:

How does our behavior change our attitudes?

Foot-in-the-door phenomenon: Role-playing:

AP Psychology | Topic 14 | Page 3

 TOPIC 14: SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY

Zimbardo’s Stanford Prison Experiment:

Cognitive Dissonance Theory (Leon Festinger):

AP Psychology | Topic 14 | Page 4

 TOPIC 14: SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY

Day 2 - Obedience and Conformity

Do Now: AP Review - Write down everything you remember about each of the following terms. Remember that forcing yourself
to try to retrieve the information instead of just looking it up is much better for your retention!

Random assignment: Young-Helmholtz Trichromatic Theory:

Hypothalamus: Acetylcholine:

Conformity

Social norms: Conformity:

Solomon Asch: Study on how others’ beliefs impact our own. Participants were given a sample line, and
asked which line (A, B, or C) was identical to that line.

Experimental group: Asked within a group where 5 others all gave _________________________.

Participants conformed to the majority ____________ of the time.

Control group: Asked alone -

Factors that influence likelihood of conforming:

AP Psychology | Topic 14 | Page 5

 TOPIC 14: SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY

Influences that Produce Conformity

Normative social influence: Influence producing conformity Informational social influence: Influence that produces
resulting from: conformity as a result of:

Obedience

Obedience:

Stanley Milgrim (1963): Designed famous study measuring the willingness of ordinary people to:

Results:
● Control group stopped ____________________

● Experimental group administered on average _________ of _________ possible shocks

● ___________ of experimental group participants delivered the:

● Later replicated with women and found:

AP Psychology | Topic 14 | Page 6

 TOPIC 14: SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY

Stanley Milgrim (1963):

Key factors:

Authority:

The victim:

The procedure:

AP Psychology | Topic 14 | Page 7

 TOPIC 14: SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY

Day 3 - Group Influences on Behavior

Do Now: For each task below, think about whether you do better or worse performing the task alone or in a group of people.
School projects Making decisions Athletic practice/exercise Studying for a test

How does being in a group influence behavior?

Social facilitation:

Social loafing: Tendency of individuals to put forth ______________________ when they are:

Likely because we:

● Feel less __________________________________

● View our contributions as _______________________________

● ____________________________ our own contributions and _____________________________ others’

contributions
● We slack off if we:

Deindividuation:

AP Psychology | Topic 14 | Page 8

 TOPIC 14: SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY

Group polarization:

Example: High prejudice groups express higher prejudice after group discussion; low prejudice
groups express less prejudice after group discussion

Groupthink: The mode of thinking that occurs during group decision making when:

Social trap:

Mirror-image perceptions: Mutual views often held by conflicting groups, as when each side sees itself as _____________ and

______________________ and views the other side as _________ and __________________________.

● This can feed cycles of hostility and can become ___________-_____________________ ______________________.

AP Psychology | Topic 14 | Page 9

 TOPIC 14: SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY
Day 4 - Prejudice and Discrimination

Do Now: AP Review - Write down everything you remember about each of the following terms. Remember that forcing yourself
to try to retrieve the information instead of just looking it up is much better for your retention!

Normal distribution: REM sleep:

Hippocampus: Ghrelin:

Prejudice v. Stereotype v. Discrimination

Stereotype Prejudice Discrimination

Brain Break:
1. 2. 3.
4. 5. 6.

AP Psychology | Topic 14 | Page 10

 TOPIC 14: SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY

Roots of Prejudice/Stereotypes/Discrimination

Dividing the world into us v. them served an adaptive purpose in our ancestral past.

Ingroup Outgroup

Ingroup bias Ethnocentrism

We tend to categorize the world around us, but underestimate how different members within groups are.

Out-group homogeneity Other-race effect

AP Psychology | Topic 14 | Page 11

 TOPIC 14: SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY

Prejudice offers an outlet for anger about our own circumstances.

Scapegoat theory

We are conditioned to develop negative associations with certain groups.

Classically conditioned associations

Changing Prejudice

Contact hypothesis:

AP Psychology | Topic 14 | Page 12

 TOPIC 14: SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY
Day 5 - Interpersonal Attraction

Do Now: AP Review - Write down everything you remember about each of the following terms. Remember that forcing yourself
to try to retrieve the information instead of just looking it up is much better for your retention!

Dependent variable: Hermann Ebbinghaus:

Cerebellum: Negative reinforcement:

Interpersonal Attraction

Interpersonal attraction:

Impacted by: PROXIMITY FAMILIARITY SIMILARITY PHYSICAL ATTRACTIVENESS RECIPROCITY

Factors that Influence Attraction

Proximity:

Mere exposure effect:

AP Psychology | Topic 14 | Page 13

 TOPIC 14: SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY
Physical attractiveness:

Halo effect:

● We perceive attractive people to be:

But not more:

Similarity:

Matching hypothesis: Tendency to form relationships with people who have similar:

● Usually discussed in terms of:

● Usually more true of _____________________ __________________________ than ________________________

Reciprocal liking:

AP Psychology | Topic 14 | Page 14

 TOPIC 14: SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY
Types of Love Relationships

Passionate love: Type of love characterized by: Companionate love: Type of love characterized by:

Overview of AP Exam

AP Exam:
Tues. May 2
12 PM

Section I: Multiple Choice -

100 questions with 5 choices (70
minutes)
● Read all questions and
all answer choices to be
sure you’re selecting the
best answer.
● Answer every question -
no guessing penalty
● You have 42 seconds per
question - don’t spend too long on any question

AP Psychology | Topic 14 | Page 15

 TOPIC 14: SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY

Section II: FRQs - 2 FRQs, each with 7 parts (50 minutes total)

FRQ 1: Concept Application

● Given a real-life context, discuss how 7 vocab terms apply to the context.
● Earn a point if you clearly connect the term to the given context AND make it clear you fully understand the definition of
each term.
○ No half points
○ No credit for definitions alone - must clearly connect to context
● You will not lose credit for extraneous incorrect information, unless it directly contradicts the correct info.
● READ CAREFULLY.
○ Is it asking how the terms would HELP? HINDER? IMPACT?
● Answer in the given order, and use/underline the term in your response
● No need for intro/conclusion.

AP Psychology | Topic 14 | Page 16

 TOPIC 14: SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY

Section II: FRQs - 2 FRQs, each with 7 parts (50 minutes total)

FRQ 2: Research Design

● Lots of possibilities - might ask you to:
○ Identify aspects of a described research study (control group, dependent variable, etc.)
○ Decide whether you can determine cause and effect in a study
○ Critique a study design
○ Analyze data given in a table, graph, etc.
● MUST use correct vocabulary - don’t say correlate if you mean cause, don’t say cause if you mean correlate, don’t say
experiment if it isn’t one, etc.
● May have concept application pieces

AP Psychology | Topic 14 | Page 17

 TOPIC 14: SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY

Day 6 - Aggression & Altruism

Do Now: AP Review - Write down everything you remember about each of the following terms. Remember that forcing yourself
to try to retrieve the information instead of just looking it up is much better for your retention!

Negative correlation: Albert Bandura:

Efferent neurons: Availability heuristic:

Aggression

Aggression:

Factors that Influence Aggression

Genes:

AP Psychology | Topic 14 | Page 18

 TOPIC 14: SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY
Brain activity:
● Some centers in the brain, when stimulated, seem to:

● Lower __________________________ activity associated with higher aggression

Biochemical:
● High testosterone is linked to:

● Lowering testosterone in humans and animals seems to:

● Drinking alcohol or thinking you are can:

Learning:
● Reinforcement:

● Modeling:

Situational factors:

Frustration-aggression principle:

Any other unpleasant events, such as:

can similarly cause frustration, which in turn increases aggression.

Altruism:

Altruism: Prosocial behavior:

AP Psychology | Topic 14 | Page 19

 TOPIC 14: SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY
What influences whether we choose to be helpful?

Bystander effect: Diffusion of responsibility:

More likely to help when:

● Person seems to _________ and ________________
help
● Person is ___________________ to us

● Person is a _______________________
● We just observed someone:

● We’re not:

● We feel __________________

● We’re in a _____________ ____________

● We’re in a _____________ ____________

Why do we help?

Do we help because it benefits us?

Social-exchange theory:

AP Psychology | Topic 14 | Page 20

 TOPIC 14: SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY
Do we help because we’ve been socialized to do so?
Reciprocity norm:

Social responsibility norm:

Or are we sometimes genuinely altruistic?

Empathy-altruism hypothesis:

What can promote peace between conflicting parties?

● Contact with conflicting party

● Cooperation
○ Superordinate goals:

● Communication, often facilitated by a mediator

● Conciliation, Ex: GRIT

Graduated and Reciprocated Initiatives in Tension-Reduction (GRIT): Strategy designed to decrease international tensions.

Both in real life and lab experiments, has been shown effective in increasing ____________ and _________________________.

AP Psychology | Topic 14 | Page 21

TOPIC 14: SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY

AP Psychology | Topic 14 | Page 22

TOPIC 14: SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY

AP Psychology | Topic 14 | Page 23

 TOPIC 14: SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY

Once upon a time, a husband and wife lived together in a part of the city separated by a river from the
places of employment, shopping, and entertainment. The husband had to work nights. Each evening
he left his wife and took the ferry to work, returning in the morning.

The wife soon tired of this arrangement. Restless and lonely, she would take the next ferry into town
and develop relationships with a series of lovers. Anxious to preserve her marriage, she always returned
home before her husband. In fact, her relationships were always limited. When they threatened to
become too intense, she would precipitate a quarrel with her current lover and begin a new
relationship.

One night she caused such a quarrel with a man we’ll call Lover 1. He slammed the door in her face,
and she started back to the ferry. Suddenly she realized she had forgotten to bring money for her return
fare. She swallowed her pride and returned to Lover 1’s apartment. But Lover 1 was vindictive and
angry because of the quarrel. He slammed the door on his former lover, leaving her with no money.

She remembered that a previous lover, who we shall call Lover 2, lived just a few doors away. Surely he
would give her the ferry fare. But Lover 2 was still so hurt from their old quarrel that he, too, refused
her the money.

Now the hour was late and the woman was getting desperate. She rushed down to the ferry and
pleaded with the ferryboat captain. He knew her as a regular customer. She asked if he could let her
ride free and if she could pay the next night. But the captain insisted that rules were rules and that he
could not let her ride without paying the fare.

Dawn would soon be breaking, and her husband would be returning from work. The woman
remembered that there was a free bridge about a mile further on. But the road to the bridge was a
dangerous one, known to be frequented by muggers. Nonetheless, she had to get home, so she took the
road.

On the way, a mugger stepped out of the bushes and demanded her money. She told him she had none.
He seized her. In the ensuing tussle, the mugger stabbed the woman, and she died.

Thus ends our story. There have been six characters: Husband, Wife, Lover 1, Lover 2, Ferryboat
Captain, and Mugger. List the characters in order of who is most responsible for the wife’s death.

AP Psychology | Topic 14 | Page 24

 TOPIC 14: SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY
\

If you choose not to complete the implicit association test on the Prejudice & Discrimination day, you will
instead complete the following practice FRQ during that time.

Research has suggested Americans have been more accepting of Ukrainian refugees settling in the US
than they have been of Afghan refugees settling in the US. Explain how each of the following terms
might play a role in the different reactions.

In-group bias
Out-group homogeneity
Scapegoat theory
Ethnocentrism

AP Psychology | Topic 14 | Page 25