Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Concept of Profession
Concept of Profession
II
1. PROFESSION:
The question as of to what constitutes the essential by the
occupational
groups, for professional status. The clamour for professional status and recognition on the part of many occupational command
groups, serve to highlight the fact that professions great prestige in contemporary society and that status is a highly sought after value.
professional
In general profession denotes an occupation which profess develop as a knowledge system in the special problem health and disease or law and area
religion,
justice. gives
special
the right to claim that they know better than the rest of the general population. The common people must therefore, their advice But in their area of competence, without of accept much any more term
sociologists
attempted
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derive
an ideal type of a definition mostly based on the examples of established professions such as law and medicine.
Millerson,G(1964), in a survey of the work of twenty one such writers elements traits The into (iv) points out that they list twenty three different mentioned (ii) entry
frequently
provision of Training and test of entry prior the occupation; (iii) Tests of competence Professional Organisation; adherence to a of
members;
professional
code of Conduct; (v> altruistic service (Millerson, 1978). In addition on core to this a perusal the concept of of sociological literature the are
available following
profession of
identify which
Characteristics
profession,
mostly accepted throughout the world (Sheffer' 1968). 1. Research and continuous in-service updating of Social society for and the (13)
specialized knowledge; (7) Intellectual activity; (8) necessity (10) (9) Recognition by public and status terminology (11) Code of Autonomy of the in
Standarised (12)
ethics
practitioners
profession
Authority of the practitioners. Two facts emerge clearly from the various attempts to elucidate the meaning of profession Firstly knowledge, intellectual profession to applies to a body of theoretical course are of
prescribed
training,
Professions
tightly
30
organized bodies, which among other things, set the standards of proficiency, regulate entry into their own organisation, and a one
licences for practice of their specialized skills secure monopoly over their practice,and prescribe with
particular form of household organisation in which the father dominated controlled other members of an extended kinship the economic production of the network and
household. describe
IV-
EXPLOITATION AND OPPRESSION :The women's the movement for the first time of oppression as brought distinct into from
focus
existence
exploitation. Exploitation is rooted in the economic reality. It manifests itself society. All those whether in the class structure of the capitalist who work for or wages women. have to face
exploitation
they be men
"Exploitative non-
exist when
used the services of actual producers. associated with the use of force in of a living being. 31
Oppression order to
basically
V-
THE FAMILY The family is the locus for the continuation of women's women
to their roles in life, but also because of the psychological domination of men within that institution. The primary burden of women within the family is their continued responsibility
for extensive household labour, which plays a central role in maintaining the capitalist social order. The mode specific of form the family takes within the capitalist primary locus for the of
production of
serves as the
regeneration
perpetuation
women's oppression. This has serious repercussions on women's exploitation in the work sphere. It gives credence to the
winner and of to
the family. Evidence of the lag between this belief is, however, glaring. In reality, the earnings crucial
reality other
the maintenance of the household. The household is an area in which the members share accepted responsibilities associated with certain living
mutually together
in the traditional
is fairly rigid. Women are primarily responsible for domestic work and of childcare which is inclusive of of servicing all
members
fatiguing
labour
32
and
intensive work. of to
This work is undertaken by women financial dependence Since most upon and
in
relationship subordination
hence are
the
men.
households
dominated by patriarchal values, it appears to the observers made the as an area which the woman is
objective
dependent upon and unequal in relation to the context is of existential reality a seen as an expression nan's of
domestic the
therefore
fundamental
of
behavior the
includes all the activities of teaching and a number of other expected forms of behavior. Social status refers to the does
not, primarily, refer to a placing in a graded order of power or rank but set to the social position. of activities Every with status it. has a
associated
Which
its roles.
The roles are, again, associated with Status and role, are
rights
concepts
culturally
defined which
33
comprise
the
social
structure.
Each
person
in
society
occupies, inevitably, multiple statuses and for each of these statuses social there is " an associatedrole". A particular an
"This fact of
complement of role relationships which persons have by virtue of occupying a particular social role." (Merton 1957) The concepts of role-set and of statusset Arm structural and refer time. Norms are standards of conduct that should or should not Social norms Arm defined either as evolutions evaluations Arm should and should not be or do to the parts of the social structure at a particular
followed. as
sanctions.
shared conceptions of the desirable or shared conceptions desirable goals (Lakovizsanford - 1977). Both norms and of values are important elements in
the order
organisation
provide
stability and predictability in interpersonal Both roles function as mechanisms of social control.
ideals
34
patterns. easily in
These any
ideals,
not
change for
difficult if the
changetooccurfast insociety.
status women,
changes with employment, as in the case of the modern her traditional role expectations remain the same. VII. The SOCIAL ROLE :social role is also termed as "personal role "
which role
includes specific and general social work. The specific of the profession refers of knowledge as and
perform
members that
Every
social
presupposes
there
is a common
bond
between
"social
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