Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology

CE 365
Structures III
Reinforced Concrete Design
Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology

Ahmed Farhan Ahnaf Siddique

Lecturer
Dept. of Civil Engineering, BUET

Contact:
Room #647, CE Building
01715234567
ahnafrcs2011@gmail.com
ahnaf@ce.buet.ac.bd
RCC Columns
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Lecture Outline

• Types of RCC Columns

• Design of Axially Loaded RCC Columns

• Introduction to Design of Eccentrically Loaded RCC Columns

A. F. Ahnaf Siddique Dept. of Civil Engg. BUET (Jan '21)

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Introduction

• Columns are members that carry loads chiefly in compression

• Columns also carry bending moment usually

• Tensile stresses may be produced over a part of the section

• Columns are generally referred to as compression member as

compression dominates behavior

• Generally vertical members

A. F. Ahnaf Siddique Dept. of Civil Engg. BUET (Jan '21)

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Gravity load Lateral load

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Types of RCC Columns

1. Members reinforced with longitudinal bars and lateral ties

2. Members reinforced with longitudinal bars and continuous

spirals

3. Composite compression members

A. F. Ahnaf Siddique Dept. of Civil Engg. BUET (Jan '21)

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Type 1 – Tied Column

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Type 2 – Spirally Reinforced Column

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Type 3 – Composite Column

A. F. Ahnaf Siddique Dept. of Civil Engg. BUET (Jan '21)

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Main Reinforcement

• Main reinforcement is longitudinal, parallel to load, and, square,

rectangular or circular in arrangement

• Reinforcement ratio – 0.01 to 0.08 (1% to 8%)

 Lower limit – to ensure resistance to bending not accounted for and
reduce effects of creep and shrinkage

 Higher limit – not economical and difficult due to congestion

• Normally 2-3 %, preferably not exceed 4%.

A. F. Ahnaf Siddique Dept. of Civil Engg. BUET (Jan '21)

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Main Reinforcement

• Higher sizes (#5 and larger) are used

• If required, #14, #18, even bundled bars are used

• Minimum 4 longitudinal bars when rectangular or circular ties are

used

• Minimum 6 bars when continuous spiral is used

A. F. Ahnaf Siddique Dept. of Civil Engg. BUET (Jan '21)

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Reinforcement – Usual Sizes

• Slab – No. 3, 4, 5 (10mm, 12mm, 16mm)

• Beam – No. 5, 6, 7, 8 (16mm, 20mm, 22mm, 25mm)

• Stirrup/Tie – No. 3, 4 (10mm, 12mm)

• Column – No. 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 14, 18

• Mat – No. 4, 5, 6, 8 (12mm, 16mm, 20mm, 25 mm)

• Smaller sizes preferred as long as there is no congestion

A. F. Ahnaf Siddique Dept. of Civil Engg. BUET (Jan '21)
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Short Column and Slender Column

Secondary
Effects
Buckling

A. F. Ahnaf Siddique Dept. of Civil Engg. BUET (Jan '21)

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Stress-Strain Curves

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Elastic
Range

Nominal
Strength
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Design Strength

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Variation of 

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Why is  lower for Column?

A. F. Ahnaf Siddique Dept. of Civil Engg. BUET (Jan '21)

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The Factor 

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Lateral Ties and Spirals

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Purpose of Lateral Ties and Spirals

• Hold longitudinal bar in position while concrete is placed

• Prevent longitudinal bars from buckling

A. F. Ahnaf Siddique Dept. of Civil Engg. BUET (Jan '21)

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ACI Provision for Ties and Spirals

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Problem 1

• Determine nominal and design axial compression

capacity of a column 12˝X12˝reinforced with 4 - #9 bars.
Also check the ties #3 @ 12in c/c.

Given: fc’ = 4ksi and fy = 60 ksi.

A. F. Ahnaf Siddique Dept. of Civil Engg. BUET (Jan '21)

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Problem 2

• Design a tied column for,

– PDL = 300kips and PLL = 200kips

– fc’ = 3ksi and fy = 60ksi

A. F. Ahnaf Siddique Dept. of Civil Engg. BUET (Jan '21)

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Problem 3

• Design a tied column with section 10˝x10˝ for,

– PDL = 60kips and PLL = 30kips

– fc’ = 3ksi and fy = 60ksi

A. F. Ahnaf Siddique Dept. of Civil Engg. BUET (Jan '21)

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Simultaneous Compression & Bending in Columns

• Columns chiefly carries compression

• But bending is almost always present

 By continuity – part of monolithic frames

 By transverse loads – wind and earthquake

 By eccentric on bracket

 By inevitable construction imperfection

 Arch axis not coincides with pressure line

A. F. Ahnaf Siddique Dept. of Civil Engg. BUET (Jan '21)
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Simultaneous Compression & Bending in Columns

• Two loads are statically equivalent
• Columns can be classified by e
• Small e
 Compression over entire section
 If overloaded, fails by crushing of
concrete and yielding of steel in
compression in overloaded side
• Large e
 Some part in tension
 If overloaded, may fail in yielding of steel
in tension at the farthest side from load
A. F. Ahnaf Siddique Dept. of Civil Engg. BUET (Jan '21)
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Simultaneous Compression & Bending in Columns

• For large e
 Failure is initiated by yielding of tension steel fs=fy

 When εu is reached, compression steel may or may not have yielded,

can be found from compatibility of strain

• For small e
 εu is reached before tension steel yields

 Stress in the other side of load may also be in compression, not in

tension
A. F. Ahnaf Siddique Dept. of Civil Engg. BUET (Jan '21)
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Simultaneous Compression & Bending in Columns

A. F. Ahnaf Siddique Dept. of Civil Engg. BUET (Jan '21)

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Strain Compatibility and Interaction Diagram

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Strain Compatibility and Interaction Diagram

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Interaction Diagram

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Interaction Diagram

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Design Charts

A. F. Ahnaf Siddique Dept. of Civil Engg. BUET (Jan '21)

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Biaxial Bending

• There are situations when axial compression is associated

with simultaneous bending present about both principal
axes of the section

• Corner column is such a case

• Interior column may also experience biaxial bending due

to irregular grid and lateral loads

A. F. Ahnaf Siddique Dept. of Civil Engg. BUET (Jan '21)

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For both axially loaded, uniaxial, and biaxial

problems; Pn should be greater than Pu(max)

A. F. Ahnaf Siddique Dept. of Civil Engg. BUET (Jan '21)

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Thank You!

A. F. Ahnaf Siddique Dept. of Civil Engg. BUET (Jan '21)