Blast Resistant Design of Petrochemical Facilities 1685585779

DESIGN CALCUATION FOR BLST RESISTANT BUILDINGS IN PETROCHEMICAL FACILITIES
Prepared by: SM Basha, M. Tech (Structural Engineering)
Design of Blast resistant buildings:

The first basic requirement that a structural engineer look for designing the blast resistant building is
1. Peak side-on negative pressure (Suction) (Pso-) and negative time duration (td-)
2. Peak side-on positive overpressure (Pso), positive time duration(td) and
Peak side-on negative pressure (Suction) (Pso-) and negative time duration (td-):
Sources provide that, no significant effect is observed on building components from negative phase
pressure and are relatively small. So it’s conservative to ignore negative pressure for blast load calculation
on buildings.
Peak side-on positive overpressure (Pso), positive time duration (td):
In general, it is recommended to obtain Peak overpressure (Pso) and time duration (td) from
client/Owner/Quantitative Risk Analysis team (QRA). Refer to Oil & Gas company standards to obtain the
minimum design values.
Section 3.3.1 of ASCE Blast resistant design of petrochemical facilities, the following parameters shall be
calculated after obtaining the peak side-on overpressure and time duration.
1. Peak reflected pressure, Pr
2. Peak dynamic (blast wind) pressure, qo
3. Shock front velocity, U
4. Blast wave length, Lw
Let’s assume
Peak side-on positive overpressure (Pso) = 21 kPa
Time duration (td) = 100 milli seconds or 0.1 seconds
Step 1: Calculate reflected pressure(Pr)
Pr= Cr * Pso………………………………………..............(3.2)
Cr=reflection coefficient
For peak overpressure (Pso) up to 138 kPa (20 Psi), use the following formula to obtain the reflection
coefficient. For peak overpressure (Pso) >138 kPa (>20 Psi), use fig 3.2 of ASCE Blast-Resistant Buildings
in Petrochemical Facilities.
Cr= 2+0.0073 * Pso ………………………………………………………(3.3)
=> 2.153 kN/m2
Pr= 2.153 * 21 => 45.22 kN/m2
Step 2: Calculate Peak dynamic (blast wind) pressure (qo)

qo=0.0032 * Pso2…………………………………………………………………(3.4)
=> 1.411 kN/m2
Step 3: Calculate Shock front velocity (U)
U= 345 * (1 + 0.0083 * Pso)0.5………………………………………………(3.5)
=> 373.860 m/sec
Step 4: Calculate Blast wave length (Lw)
Lw = U * td…………………………………………………………………………….(3.6)
=> 37.386 m
Step 5: Calculate Front Wall loading
Assume,
Building Length(L) = 58.4m, building width(B) = 34.8m and building height(H) = 11.8m
Stagnation pressure Ps = Pso + Cd * qo…………………………..……..(3.7)
Cd= Drag coefficient.
For rectangular buildings the values shall be 1.0 for front wall and 0.4 for side wall, rear wall and roof.
Ps = 22.411 kN/m2
Clearing time tc = 3 S / U < td…………………………..……………….(3.8)
S= Clearing distance, the smaller of building height or building width
Clearing distance S = 11.8 m
Clearing time tc = 0.090 sec < td
The reflected overpressure effect (tc) should not exceed that of the free field positive overpressure td.
Bilinear pressure-time Iw = 0.5 (Pr - Ps) * tc + 0.5 Ps * td…….(3.9)
Bilinear pressure-time Iw = 2.15 kN/m2-sec
te = 2 Iw / Pr……………………………………………………………………..(3.10)
=> 0.095 sec
Fig 1: Front Wall Loading

Step 6: Calculate Side Wall loading
Effective side-on overpressure Pa = Ce * Pso + Cd * qo…………………………………….(3.11)
Equivalent load coefficient Ce = Lw/L
Ce = 37.386/54.8 => 0.682
From Fig. 3.9 of of ASCE Blast-Resistant Buildings in Petrochemical Facilities.
Lw/L 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Ce 0.23 0.28 0.32 0.4 0.42 0.45 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.95 1 1 1 1 1
By linear interpolation for 0.682, we get Ce = 0.3
Drag coefficient for side wall Cd=-0.4
Effective side-on overpressure Pa = 5.74 kN/m2
Fig 2: Roof and Side Wall Loading
Rise time tr = Length of building (BL) / Shock front velocity (U)

Rise time tr = 0.147 sec
Overall duration t0 = tr + td
t0 = 0.247 sec
Step 7: Calculate Roof loading
For a building with a flat roof (pitch less than 10°) it is normally assumed that reflection does not occur
when the blast wave travels horizontally. Consequently, the roof will experience the side-on overpressure
combined with the dynamic wind pressure, the same as the side walls. The dynamic wind force on the
roof acts in the opposite direction to the overpressure (upward). Also, consideration should be given to
variation of the blast wave with distance and time as it travels across a roof element. The resulting roof
loading, as shown in Fig 2, depends on the ratio of blast wave length to the span of the roof element and
on its orientation relative to the direction of the blast wave. The effective peak overpressure for the roof
elements are calculated using Equation 3.11 similar to the side wall.
Effective side-on overpressure Pa = 5.74 kN/m2
Rise time tr = 0.147 sec
Overall duration t0 = 0.247 sec

Step 8: Calculate Rear loading
The rear wall is proportioned the same as the front and side walls, spanning vertically from foundation
to roof. Because the highest loads are on the front wall, a rear wall analysis would only be necessary to
determine a net loading on the overall building.
Equivalent rear peak overpressure Pb = Ce * Pso + Cd * qo
Equivalent load coefficient Ce = 0.7
Drag coefficient for rear wall Cd=-0.4

Pb = 14.136 kN/m2
Time of arrival, ta = BL/U =>0.147 sec
Rise time tr = S/U => 0.032 sec
Total rise time t2 = ta + tr => 0.179 sec
Total positive phase duration, t3 = t2 + td => 0.279 sec
Total duration td = tr + td => 0.132 sec

Impulse on rear wall = 0.5 Pb * t3 => 1.972 kN/m2-sec
Fig 3: Rear wall loading
Fig 4: Net lateral load on a rectangular building

Front wall load Roof & Side wall Load

50 6
45.2 5.7
40 5
Pressure(kN/m2)
Suction(kN/m2)
4
30
3
20 22.4
2
10 1
0 0 0
0 100 200 0 100 200 300
Time (ms) Time (ms)
Rear wall
16
14 14.1
12
Suction(kN/m2)
10
8
6
4
2
0
0 200 400
Time (ms)
Fig 5: Net lateral load on a rectangular building at different sides of building

Step 8: Applying calculated load in the STAAD Pro. Analysis model.
My personnel recommendation to analyze the buildings in STAAD Pro. Analysis software, because its
interface is easy. The following steps shall be done to apply the loads in staad model.
1. A wall panel of 12.4m wide and 13.2m height is modelled using staad pro and provided a manual
mesh of 1x1m, 1x0.6m and 0.648x0.6m as shown in below figure.
Fig 6: Wall panel from STAAD Pro. Model with manual mesh.
2. For panels of size 1x1m, 1x0.6m and 0.648x0.6m, the blast pressure of 45.2 kN/m2 shall be
distributed to all the nodes using excel sheet by interpolation at every rise of time and
corresponding load intensity.
Pressure 45.2 5.7
L B Along Other sides

Type1 1 1 11.3 1.425
Type2 1 0.6 6.78 0.855
Type3 0.6 0.6 4.068 0.513
time interval 0.001
3. Use interpolation methods to get the triangular loading as shown in Fig. 6. Verify the results as
shown below.
Front wall loading
Time Force Time Force Time Force
Type 1 Type 2 Type 3
0.000 11.3 0.000 6.78 0.000 4.068
0.001 11.1870 0.001 6.7122 0.001 4.0273
0.002 11.0740 0.002 6.6444 0.002 3.9866
0.003 10.9610 0.003 6.5766 0.003 3.9460
0.004 10.8480 0.004 6.5088 0.004 3.9053
0.005 10.7350 0.005 6.4410 0.005 3.8646
0.006 10.6220 0.006 6.3732 0.006 3.8239
0.007 10.5090 0.007 6.3054 0.007 3.7832
0.008 10.3960 0.008 6.2376 0.008 3.7426
0.009 10.2830 0.009 6.1698 0.009 3.7019
0.01 10.1700 0.010 6.1020 0.010 3.6612
0.011 10.0570 0.011 6.0342 0.011 3.6205
0.012 9.9440 0.012 5.9664 0.012 3.5798
0.013 9.8310 0.013 5.8986 0.013 3.5392
0.014 9.7180 0.014 5.8308 0.014 3.4985
0.015 9.6050 0.015 5.7630 0.015 3.4578
0.016 9.4920 0.016 5.6952 0.016 3.4171
0.017 9.3790 0.017 5.6274 0.017 3.3764

0.018 9.2660 0.018 5.5596 0.018 3.3358
0.019 9.1530 0.019 5.4918 0.019 3.2951
0.02 9.0400 0.020 5.4240 0.020 3.2544
0.021 8.9270 0.021 5.3562 0.021 3.2137
0.022 8.8140 0.022 5.2884 0.022 3.1730
0.023 8.7010 0.023 5.2206 0.023 3.1324
0.024 8.5880 0.024 5.1528 0.024 3.0917
0.025 8.4750 0.025 5.0850 0.025 3.0510
0.026 8.3620 0.026 5.0172 0.026 3.0103
0.027 8.2490 0.027 4.9494 0.027 2.9696
0.028 8.1360 0.028 4.8816 0.028 2.9290
0.029 8.0230 0.029 4.8138 0.029 2.8883
0.03 7.9100 0.030 4.7460 0.030 2.8476
0.031 7.7970 0.031 4.6782 0.031 2.8069
0.032 7.6840 0.032 4.6104 0.032 2.7662
0.033 7.5710 0.033 4.5426 0.033 2.7256
0.034 7.458 0.034 4.4748 0.034 2.68488
0.035 7.345 0.035 4.407 0.035 2.6442
0.036 7.232 0.036 4.3392 0.036 2.60352
0.037 7.119 0.037 4.2714 0.037 2.56284
0.038 7.006 0.038 4.2036 0.038 2.52216
0.039 6.893 0.039 4.1358 0.039 2.48148
0.04 6.78 0.040 4.068 0.040 2.4408
0.041 6.6670 0.041 4.0002 0.041 2.4001
0.042 6.5540 0.042 3.9324 0.042 2.3594
0.043 6.4410 0.043 3.8646 0.043 2.3188
0.044 6.3280 0.044 3.7968 0.044 2.2781
0.045 6.2150 0.045 3.7290 0.045 2.2374
0.046 6.1020 0.046 3.6612 0.046 2.1967
0.047 5.9890 0.047 3.5934 0.047 2.1560
0.048 5.8760 0.048 3.5256 0.048 2.1154
0.049 5.7630 0.049 3.4578 0.049 2.0747
0.050 5.6500 0.050 3.3900 0.050 2.0340
0.051 5.5370 0.051 3.3222 0.051 1.9933
0.052 5.4240 0.052 3.2544 0.052 1.9526
0.053 5.3110 0.053 3.1866 0.053 1.9120
0.054 5.1980 0.054 3.1188 0.054 1.8713
0.055 5.0850 0.055 3.0510 0.055 1.8306
0.056 4.9720 0.056 2.9832 0.056 1.7899
0.057 4.8590 0.057 2.9154 0.057 1.7492
0.058 4.7460 0.058 2.8476 0.058 1.7086
0.059 4.6330 0.059 2.7798 0.059 1.6679

0.060 4.5200 0.060 2.7120 0.060 1.6272
0.061 4.4070 0.061 2.6442 0.061 1.5865
0.062 4.2940 0.062 2.5764 0.062 1.5458
0.063 4.1810 0.063 2.5086 0.063 1.5052
0.064 4.0680 0.064 2.4408 0.064 1.4645
0.065 3.9550 0.065 2.3730 0.065 1.4238
0.066 3.8420 0.066 2.3052 0.066 1.3831
0.067 3.7290 0.067 2.2374 0.067 1.3424
0.068 3.6160 0.068 2.1696 0.068 1.3018
0.069 3.5030 0.069 2.1018 0.069 1.2611
0.07 3.3900 0.070 2.0340 0.070 1.2204
0.071 3.2770 0.071 1.9662 0.071 1.1797
0.072 3.1640 0.072 1.8984 0.072 1.1390
0.073 3.0510 0.073 1.8306 0.073 1.0984
0.074 2.9380 0.074 1.7628 0.074 1.0577
0.075 2.8250 0.075 1.6950 0.075 1.0170
0.076 2.7120 0.076 1.6272 0.076 0.9763
0.077 2.5990 0.077 1.5594 0.077 0.9356
0.078 2.4860 0.078 1.4916 0.078 0.8950
0.079 2.3730 0.079 1.4238 0.079 0.8543
0.080 2.2600 0.080 1.3560 0.080 0.8136
0.081 2.1470 0.081 1.2882 0.081 0.7729
0.082 2.0340 0.082 1.2204 0.082 0.7322
0.083 1.9210 0.083 1.1526 0.083 0.6916
0.084 1.8080 0.084 1.0848 0.084 0.6509
0.085 1.6950 0.085 1.0170 0.085 0.6102
0.086 1.5820 0.086 0.9492 0.086 0.5695
0.087 1.4690 0.087 0.8814 0.087 0.5288
0.088 1.3560 0.088 0.8136 0.088 0.4882
0.089 1.2430 0.089 0.7458 0.089 0.4475
0.090 1.1300 0.090 0.6780 0.090 0.4068
0.091 1.0170 0.091 0.6102 0.091 0.3661
0.092 0.9040 0.092 0.5424 0.092 0.3254
0.093 0.7910 0.093 0.4746 0.093 0.2848
0.094 0.6780 0.094 0.4068 0.094 0.2441
0.095 0.5650 0.095 0.3390 0.095 0.2034
0.096 0.4520 0.096 0.2712 0.096 0.1627
0.097 0.3390 0.097 0.2034 0.097 0.1220
0.098 0.2260 0.098 0.1356 0.098 0.0814
0.099 0.1130 0.099 0.0678 0.099 0.0407
0.1 0 0.100 0 0.100 0
side walls
Type 1 Type 2 Type 3
0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
0.001 0.0091 0.001 0.0055 0.001 0.0033
0.002 0.0183 0.002 0.0110 0.002 0.0066
0.003 0.0274 0.003 0.0164 0.003 0.0099
0.004 0.0365 0.004 0.0219 0.004 0.0132
0.005 0.0457 0.005 0.0274 0.005 0.0164
0.006 0.0548 0.006 0.0329 0.006 0.0197
0.007 0.0639 0.007 0.0384 0.007 0.0230
0.008 0.0731 0.008 0.0438 0.008 0.0263
0.009 0.0822 0.009 0.0493 0.009 0.0296
0.010 0.0913 0.010 0.0548 0.010 0.0329
0.011 0.1005 0.011 0.0603 0.011 0.0362
0.012 0.1096 0.012 0.0658 0.012 0.0395
0.013 0.1188 0.013 0.0713 0.013 0.0428
0.014 0.1279 0.014 0.0767 0.014 0.0460
0.015 0.1370 0.015 0.0822 0.015 0.0493
0.016 0.1462 0.016 0.0877 0.016 0.0526
0.017 0.1553 0.017 0.0932 0.017 0.0559
0.018 0.1644 0.018 0.0987 0.018 0.0592
0.019 0.1736 0.019 0.1041 0.019 0.0625
0.020 0.1827 0.020 0.1096 0.020 0.0658
0.021 0.1918 0.021 0.1151 0.021 0.0691
0.022 0.2010 0.022 0.1206 0.022 0.0723
0.023 0.2101 0.023 0.1261 0.023 0.0756
0.024 0.2192 0.024 0.1315 0.024 0.0789
0.025 0.2284 0.025 0.1370 0.025 0.0822
0.026 0.2375 0.026 0.1425 0.026 0.0855
0.027 0.2466 0.027 0.1480 0.027 0.0888
0.028 0.2558 0.028 0.1535 0.028 0.0921
0.029 0.2649 0.029 0.1589 0.029 0.0954
0.030 0.2740 0.030 0.1644 0.030 0.0987
0.031 0.2832 0.031 0.1699 0.031 0.1019
0.032 0.2923 0.032 0.1754 0.032 0.1052
0.033 0.3014 0.033 0.1809 0.033 0.1085
0.034 0.310576923 0.034 0.186346154 0.034 0.111808
0.035 0.319711538 0.035 0.191826923 0.035 0.115096
0.036 0.328846154 0.036 0.197307692 0.036 0.118385
0.037 0.337980769 0.037 0.202788462 0.037 0.121673

0.038 0.347115385 0.038 0.208269231 0.038 0.124962
0.039 0.35625 0.039 0.21375 0.039 0.12825
0.040 0.365384615 0.040 0.219230769 0.040 0.131538
0.041 0.3745 0.041 0.2247 0.041 0.1348
0.042 0.3837 0.042 0.2302 0.042 0.1381
0.043 0.3928 0.043 0.2357 0.043 0.1414
0.044 0.4019 0.044 0.2412 0.044 0.1447
0.045 0.4111 0.045 0.2466 0.045 0.1480
0.046 0.4202 0.046 0.2521 0.046 0.1513
0.047 0.4293 0.047 0.2576 0.047 0.1546
0.048 0.4385 0.048 0.2631 0.048 0.1578
0.049 0.4476 0.049 0.2686 0.049 0.1611
0.050 0.4567 0.050 0.2740 0.050 0.1644
0.051 0.4659 0.051 0.2795 0.051 0.1677
0.052 0.4750 0.052 0.2850 0.052 0.1710
0.053 0.4841 0.053 0.2905 0.053 0.1743
0.054 0.4933 0.054 0.2960 0.054 0.1776
0.055 0.5024 0.055 0.3014 0.055 0.1809
0.056 0.5115 0.056 0.3069 0.056 0.1842
0.057 0.5207 0.057 0.3124 0.057 0.1874
0.058 0.5298 0.058 0.3179 0.058 0.1907
0.059 0.5389 0.059 0.3234 0.059 0.1940
0.06 0.5481 0.060 0.3288 0.060 0.1973
0.061 0.5572 0.061 0.3343 0.061 0.2006
0.062 0.5663 0.062 0.3398 0.062 0.2039
0.063 0.5755 0.063 0.3453 0.063 0.2072
0.064 0.5846 0.064 0.3508 0.064 0.2105
0.065 0.5938 0.065 0.3563 0.065 0.2138
0.066 0.6029 0.066 0.3617 0.066 0.2170
0.067 0.6120 0.067 0.3672 0.067 0.2203
0.068 0.6212 0.068 0.3727 0.068 0.2236
0.069 0.6303 0.069 0.3782 0.069 0.2269
0.07 0.6394 0.070 0.3837 0.070 0.2302
0.071 0.6486 0.071 0.3891 0.071 0.2335
0.072 0.6577 0.072 0.3946 0.072 0.2368
0.073 0.6668 0.073 0.4001 0.073 0.2401
0.074 0.6760 0.074 0.4056 0.074 0.2433
0.075 0.6851 0.075 0.4111 0.075 0.2466
0.076 0.6942 0.076 0.4165 0.076 0.2499
0.077 0.7034 0.077 0.4220 0.077 0.2532
0.078 0.7125 0.078 0.4275 0.078 0.2565
0.079 0.7216 0.079 0.4330 0.079 0.2598

0.08 0.7308 0.080 0.4385 0.080 0.2631
0.081 0.7399 0.081 0.4439 0.081 0.2664
0.082 0.7490 0.082 0.4494 0.082 0.2697
0.083 0.7582 0.083 0.4549 0.083 0.2729
0.084 0.7673 0.084 0.4604 0.084 0.2762
0.085 0.7764 0.085 0.4659 0.085 0.2795
0.086 0.7856 0.086 0.4713 0.086 0.2828
0.087 0.7947 0.087 0.4768 0.087 0.2861
0.088 0.8038 0.088 0.4823 0.088 0.2894
0.089 0.8130 0.089 0.4878 0.089 0.2927
0.09 0.8221 0.090 0.4933 0.090 0.2960
0.091 0.8313 0.091 0.4988 0.091 0.2993
0.092 0.8404 0.092 0.5042 0.092 0.3025
0.093 0.8495 0.093 0.5097 0.093 0.3058
0.094 0.8587 0.094 0.5152 0.094 0.3091
0.095 0.8678 0.095 0.5207 0.095 0.3124
0.096 0.8769 0.096 0.5262 0.096 0.3157
0.097 0.8861 0.097 0.5316 0.097 0.3190
0.098 0.8952 0.098 0.5371 0.098 0.3223
0.099 0.9043 0.099 0.5426 0.099 0.3256
0.1 0.9135 0.100 0.5481 0.100 0.3288
0.101 0.9226 0.101 0.5536 0.101 0.3321
0.102 0.9317 0.102 0.5590 0.102 0.3354
0.103 0.9409 0.103 0.5645 0.103 0.3387
0.104 0.9500 0.104 0.5700 0.104 0.3420
0.105 0.9591 0.105 0.5755 0.105 0.3453
0.106 0.9683 0.106 0.5810 0.106 0.3486
0.107 0.9774 0.107 0.5864 0.107 0.3519
0.108 0.9865 0.108 0.5919 0.108 0.3552
0.109 0.9957 0.109 0.5974 0.109 0.3584
0.11 1.0048 0.110 0.6029 0.110 0.3617
0.111 1.0139 0.111 0.6084 0.111 0.3650
0.112 1.0231 0.112 0.6138 0.112 0.3683
0.113 1.0322 0.113 0.6193 0.113 0.3716
0.114 1.0413 0.114 0.6248 0.114 0.3749
0.115 1.0505 0.115 0.6303 0.115 0.3782
0.116 1.0596 0.116 0.6358 0.116 0.3815
0.117 1.0688 0.117 0.6413 0.117 0.3848
0.118 1.0779 0.118 0.6467 0.118 0.3880
0.119 1.0870 0.119 0.6522 0.119 0.3913
0.12 1.0962 0.120 0.6577 0.120 0.3946
0.121 1.1053 0.121 0.6632 0.121 0.3979

0.122 1.1144 0.122 0.6687 0.122 0.4012
0.123 1.1236 0.123 0.6741 0.123 0.4045
0.124 1.1327 0.124 0.6796 0.124 0.4078
0.125 1.1418 0.125 0.6851 0.125 0.4111
0.126 1.1510 0.126 0.6906 0.126 0.4143
0.127 1.1601 0.127 0.6961 0.127 0.4176
0.128 1.169230769 0.128 0.701538462 0.128 0.420923
0.129 1.178365385 0.129 0.707019231 0.129 0.424212
0.130 1.1875 0.130 0.7125 0.130 0.4275
0.131 1.196634615 0.131 0.717980769 0.131 0.430788
0.132 1.205769231 0.132 0.723461538 0.132 0.434077
0.133 1.214903846 0.133 0.728942308 0.133 0.437365
0.134 1.224038462 0.134 0.734423077 0.134 0.440654
0.135 1.233173077 0.135 0.739903846 0.135 0.443942
0.136 1.242307692 0.136 0.745384615 0.136 0.447231
0.137 1.251442308 0.137 0.750865385 0.137 0.450519
0.138 1.260576923 0.138 0.756346154 0.138 0.453808
0.139 1.269711538 0.139 0.761826923 0.139 0.457096
0.140 1.278846154 0.140 0.767307692 0.140 0.460385
0.141 1.287980769 0.141 0.772788462 0.141 0.463673
0.142 1.297115385 0.142 0.778269231 0.142 0.466962
0.143 1.30625 0.143 0.78375 0.143 0.47025
0.144 1.315384615 0.144 0.789230769 0.144 0.473538
0.145 1.324519231 0.145 0.794711538 0.145 0.476827
0.146 1.333653846 0.146 0.800192308 0.146 0.480115
0.147 1.342788462 0.147 0.805673077 0.147 0.483404
0.148 1.351923077 0.148 0.811153846 0.148 0.486692
0.149 1.361057692 0.149 0.816634615 0.149 0.489981
0.150 1.370192308 0.150 0.822115385 0.150 0.493269
0.151 1.379326923 0.151 0.827596154 0.151 0.496558
0.152 1.388461538 0.152 0.833076923 0.152 0.499846
0.153 1.397596154 0.153 0.838557692 0.153 0.503135
0.154 1.406730769 0.154 0.844038462 0.154 0.506423
0.155 1.415865385 0.155 0.849519231 0.155 0.509712
0.156 1.425 0.156 0.855 0.156 0.513
0.157 1.4108 0.157 0.8465 0.157 0.5079
0.158 1.3965 0.158 0.8379 0.158 0.5027
0.159 1.3823 0.159 0.8294 0.159 0.4976
0.160 1.3680 0.160 0.8208 0.160 0.4925
0.161 1.3538 0.161 0.8123 0.161 0.4874
0.162 1.3395 0.162 0.8037 0.162 0.4822
0.163 1.3253 0.163 0.7952 0.163 0.4771

0.164 1.3110 0.164 0.7866 0.164 0.4720
0.165 1.2968 0.165 0.7781 0.165 0.4668
0.166 1.2825 0.166 0.7695 0.166 0.4617
0.167 1.2683 0.167 0.7610 0.167 0.4566
0.168 1.2540 0.168 0.7524 0.168 0.4514
0.169 1.2398 0.169 0.7439 0.169 0.4463
0.170 1.2255 0.170 0.7353 0.170 0.4412
0.171 1.2113 0.171 0.7268 0.171 0.4361
0.172 1.1970 0.172 0.7182 0.172 0.4309
0.173 1.1828 0.173 0.7097 0.173 0.4258
0.174 1.1685 0.174 0.7011 0.174 0.4207
0.175 1.1543 0.175 0.6926 0.175 0.4155
0.176 1.1400 0.176 0.6840 0.176 0.4104
0.177 1.1258 0.177 0.6755 0.177 0.4053
0.178 1.1115 0.178 0.6669 0.178 0.4001
0.179 1.0973 0.179 0.6584 0.179 0.3950
0.180 1.0830 0.180 0.6498 0.180 0.3899
0.181 1.0688 0.181 0.6413 0.181 0.3848
0.182 1.0545 0.182 0.6327 0.182 0.3796
0.183 1.0403 0.183 0.6242 0.183 0.3745
0.184 1.0260 0.184 0.6156 0.184 0.3694
0.185 1.0118 0.185 0.6071 0.185 0.3642
0.186 0.9975 0.186 0.5985 0.186 0.3591
0.187 0.9833 0.187 0.5900 0.187 0.3540
0.188 0.9690 0.188 0.5814 0.188 0.3488
0.189 0.9548 0.189 0.5729 0.189 0.3437
0.190 0.9405 0.190 0.5643 0.190 0.3386
0.191 0.92625 0.191 0.55575 0.191 0.33345
0.192 0.912 0.192 0.5472 0.192 0.32832
0.193 0.89775 0.193 0.53865 0.193 0.32319
0.194 0.8835 0.194 0.5301 0.194 0.31806
0.195 0.86925 0.195 0.52155 0.195 0.31293
0.196 0.855 0.196 0.513 0.196 0.3078
0.197 0.84075 0.197 0.50445 0.197 0.30267
0.198 0.8265 0.198 0.4959 0.198 0.29754
0.199 0.81225 0.199 0.48735 0.199 0.29241
0.2 0.798 0.200 0.4788 0.200 0.28728
0.201 0.78375 0.201 0.47025 0.201 0.28215
0.202 0.7695 0.202 0.4617 0.202 0.27702
0.203 0.75525 0.203 0.45315 0.203 0.27189
0.204 0.741 0.204 0.4446 0.204 0.26676
0.205 0.72675 0.205 0.43605 0.205 0.26163

0.206 0.7125 0.206 0.4275 0.206 0.2565
0.207 0.69825 0.207 0.41895 0.207 0.25137
0.208 0.684 0.208 0.4104 0.208 0.24624
0.209 0.66975 0.209 0.40185 0.209 0.24111
0.21 0.6555 0.210 0.3933 0.210 0.23598
0.211 0.64125 0.211 0.38475 0.211 0.23085
0.212 0.627 0.212 0.3762 0.212 0.22572
0.213 0.61275 0.213 0.36765 0.213 0.22059
0.214 0.5985 0.214 0.3591 0.214 0.21546
0.215 0.58425 0.215 0.35055 0.215 0.21033
0.216 0.57 0.216 0.342 0.216 0.2052
0.217 0.55575 0.217 0.33345 0.217 0.20007
0.218 0.5415 0.218 0.3249 0.218 0.19494
0.219 0.52725 0.219 0.31635 0.219 0.18981
0.22 0.513 0.220 0.3078 0.220 0.18468
0.221 0.49875 0.221 0.29925 0.221 0.17955
0.222 0.4845 0.222 0.2907 0.222 0.17442
0.223 0.47025 0.223 0.28215 0.223 0.16929
0.224 0.456 0.224 0.2736 0.224 0.16416
0.225 0.44175 0.225 0.26505 0.225 0.15903
0.226 0.4275 0.226 0.2565 0.226 0.1539
0.227 0.41325 0.227 0.24795 0.227 0.14877
0.228 0.399 0.228 0.2394 0.228 0.14364
0.229 0.38475 0.229 0.23085 0.229 0.13851
0.23 0.3705 0.230 0.2223 0.230 0.13338
0.231 0.35625 0.231 0.21375 0.231 0.12825
0.232 0.342 0.232 0.2052 0.232 0.12312
0.233 0.32775 0.233 0.19665 0.233 0.11799
0.234 0.3135 0.234 0.1881 0.234 0.11286
0.235 0.29925 0.235 0.17955 0.235 0.10773
0.236 0.285 0.236 0.171 0.236 0.1026
0.237 0.27075 0.237 0.16245 0.237 0.09747
0.238 0.2565 0.238 0.1539 0.238 0.09234
0.239 0.24225 0.239 0.14535 0.239 0.08721
0.24 0.228 0.240 0.1368 0.240 0.08208
0.241 0.21375 0.241 0.12825 0.241 0.07695
0.242 0.1995 0.242 0.1197 0.242 0.07182
0.243 0.18525 0.243 0.11115 0.243 0.06669
0.244 0.171 0.244 0.1026 0.244 0.06156
0.245 0.15675 0.245 0.09405 0.245 0.05643
0.246 0.1425 0.246 0.0855 0.246 0.0513
0.247 0.12825 0.247 0.07695 0.247 0.04617

0.248 0.114 0.248 0.0684 0.248 0.04104
0.249 0.09975 0.249 0.05985 0.249 0.03591
0.25 0.0855 0.250 0.0513 0.250 0.03078
0.251 0.07125 0.251 0.04275 0.251 0.02565
0.252 0.057 0.252 0.0342 0.252 0.02052
0.253 0.04275 0.253 0.02565 0.253 0.01539
0.254 0.0285 0.254 0.0171 0.254 0.01026
0.255 0.01425 0.255 0.00855 0.255 0.00513
0.256 0 0.256 0 0.256 0
4. Copy all the front wall loading values Type 1, Type 2 and Type 3 in STAAD Pro. Time history
analysis under load definition.
The images shown above, exactly represents the blast loading graph b/w pressure and time as
shown fig.1.
5. Similarly, copy all the side wall loading values Type 1, Type 2 and Type 3 in STAAD Pro. Time
history analysis under load definition.
The images shown above, exactly represents the blast loading graph b/w pressure and time as
shown fig.2.
Fig 7: Load application on wall panel loads

Conclusion:
1. Wall thickness shall be analyzed using non-linear software’s for the blast loading. Recommend to
use non-lin software to check the adequate wall thickness for the blast pressure load.
2. Moment of inertia of the wall panel shall be developed to analyze the wall using non-lin software.
3. Verify ductility demand as per code requirement for different structural elements.
4. The rear wall load is neglected to take into effect of front wall loading.
5. Recommended to create four (4) staad models to apply the blast loading on each face. Each model
shall have Front, side and roof wall loading. And for the second model, the blast load shall be
applied on rear wall which becomes the front wall in 2nd model and similarly the side becomes
front wall in 3rd model etc.
6. Foundation mat shall be assigned to staad model and the soil weight shall be considered in the
design. Do manual checking for stability and overturning moments for external blast loading.
7. Load factor shall be 1.0 for blast loading.
Reference:
1. DESIGN OF BLAST-RESISTANT BUILDINGS IN PETROCHEMICAL FACILITIES SECOND EDITION.
2. TM 5-1300 – STRUCTURES TO RESIST THE EFFECTS OF ACCIDENTAL EXPLOSIONS

Blast Resistant Design of Petrochemical Facilities 1685585779

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Blast Resistant Design of Petrochemical Facilities 1685585779

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DESIGN CALCUATION FOR BLST RESISTANT BUILDINGS IN PETROCHEMICAL FACILITIES

Prepared by: SM Basha, M. Tech (Structural Engineering)

Design of Blast resistant buildings:

Step 2: Calculate Peak dynamic (blast wind) pressure (qo)

Fig 1: Front Wall Loading

Lw/L 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

By linear interpolation for 0.682, we get Ce = 0.3

Drag coefficient for side wall Cd=-0.4

Effective side-on overpressure Pa = 5.74 kN/m2

Fig 2: Roof and Side Wall Loading

Rise time tr = Length of building (BL) / Shock front velocity (U)

Rise time tr = 0.147 sec

Effective side-on overpressure Pa = 5.74 kN/m2

Rise time tr = 0.147 sec

Overall duration t0 = 0.247 sec

Equivalent rear peak overpressure Pb = Ce * Pso + Cd * qo

Equivalent load coefficient Ce = 0.7

Drag coefficient for rear wall Cd=-0.4

Rise time tr = S/U => 0.032 sec

Total rise time t2 = ta + tr => 0.179 sec

Total positive phase duration, t3 = t2 + td => 0.279 sec

Total duration td = tr + td => 0.132 sec

Impulse on rear wall = 0.5 Pb * t3 => 1.972 kN/m2-sec

Fig 3: Rear wall loading

Fig 4: Net lateral load on a rectangular building

Front wall load Roof & Side wall Load

Fig 5: Net lateral load on a rectangular building at different sides of building

Pressure 45.2 5.7

L B Along Other sides

time interval 0.001

0.017 9.3790 0.017 5.6274 0.017 3.3764

0.059 4.6330 0.059 2.7798 0.059 1.6679

0.037 0.337980769 0.037 0.202788462 0.037 0.121673

0.079 0.7216 0.079 0.4330 0.079 0.2598

0.121 1.1053 0.121 0.6632 0.121 0.3979

0.163 1.3253 0.163 0.7952 0.163 0.4771

0.205 0.72675 0.205 0.43605 0.205 0.26163

0.247 0.12825 0.247 0.07695 0.247 0.04617

Fig 7: Load application on wall panel loads

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