2.

6 Problems (Solved and Unsolved for Modeling of Systems) – 3 hours

1. Derive a differential equation relating the input and output for each of the systems shown
in figure. (Bolton)

Figure

2. A closed-loop negative feedback system for the control of the height of liquid in a tank by
pumping liquid from a reservoir tank can be considered to be a system with a differential
amplifier having a transfer function of 5, its output operating a pump with a transfer
function 5/(s + 1). The coupled system of tanks has a transfer function, relating height in the
tank to the output from the pump, of 3/(s + 1)(s + 2). The feedback sensor of the height
level in the tank has a transfer function of 0.1. Determine the overall transfer function of the
system, relating the input voltage signal to the system to the height of liquid in the tank.
(Bolton)

3. A closed-loop negative feedback system to be used for controlling the position of a load
has a differential amplifier with transfer function K~ operating a motor with transfer
function 1/(sL + R). The output of the motor operates a gear system with gear ratio N and
this, in turn, operates a screw with transfer function 1/s to give the resulting displacement.
The position sensor is a potentiometer and this gives a feedback voltage related to the
position of the load by the transfer function K:. Derive the transfer function for the system
as a whole, relating the input voltage to the system to the displacement output. (Bolton)

4. Develop a model for the hydraulic system shown in Figure 2.18 where there is a liquid
entering a container at one rate q~ and leaving through a valve at another rate q2. (Bolton)

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5. Define hydraulic resistance, capacitance and inertance.

6. Determine a model for the temperature of a room (Figure 2.16) containing a heater which
supplies heat at the rate q~ and the room loses heat at the rate q2. (Bolton)

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7. Develop a model for the simple thermal system of a thermometer at temperature T being
used to measure the temperature of a liquid when it suddenly changes to the higher
temperature of TL (Bolton)

From Burns
8.

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From Ogata:

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Consider the liquid level system shown in Figure 3.60. Assuming that
H = 3m and Q = 0.02m 3 / sec and the cross sectional area of the tank is equal to 5 m2, obtain
the time constant of the system at the operating point ( H , Q ). Assume that the flow through
the valve is turbulent.

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Figure. Liquid Level Tank

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A thermocouple has a time constant of 2 sec. A thermal well has a time constant of 30 secs.
When the thermocouple if inserted into the well, this temperature measuring device can be
considered a two capacitance system. Determine the time constants of the combined
thermocouple thermal well system. Assume that the weight of the thermocouple is 8g and
the weight of the thermal well is 40g. Assume also that the specific heats of the
thermocouple and thermal well are the same.

References:

1. Advanced Control Engineering, Ronald Burns, First Edition, Butterworth –

Heinemann, 2001.
2. Modern Control Engineering, K. Ogata, Third Edition, Prentice Hall of India.
3. Control Systems, Bolton

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