Top Down Method
Involves breaking down bulk materials into
smaller structures until reaching the desired
nanoscale dimensions.
Particle size reduction to nanosize
Suitable for large-scale production and can
handle a wide range of materials. However, it
may face challenges in achieving precise control
over size, shape, and composition at the
nanoscale.
The process is used for hard and brittle materials
All partices may not be broken down to required
particle size
Limited control over the atomic arrangement and
surface properties of nanomaterials due to the
initial properties of the bulk material.
May require significant energy input, especially
in processes such as milling or lithography.
Commonly used for producing nanomaterials on
large scale.
Often simpler and more straightforward, as it
involves mechanical or physical processes to
break down materials.
Can be cost-effective for large-scale production
due to the utilization of existing bulk materials
Advantages
Large scale production: deposition over a large
substrate is possible
• Chemical purification is not required
Broader size distribution
Expensive technique
Bottom Up Method
Involves building up nanomaterials from atomic
or molecular components, gradually assembling
them into larger structures
Growth of particles from atomic or molecular
size
Offers excellent control over size, shape, and
composition at the nanoscale. However, it may
be limited in terms of scalability and efficiency
for large-scale production.
The process is used for gases, liquids and solids
We may control the size
Provides precise control over atomic
arrangement and surface properties, allowing for
the design of custom nanomaterials with specific
properties.
Generally more energy-efficient as it relies on
chemical reactions and self-assembly processes.
Widely employed in fields requiring precise
control over material properties, such as
nanoelectronics, drug delivery, and catalysis
Can be more complex and may require careful
design of synthesis routes and reaction
conditions to achieve the desired nanomaterials
May involve higher initial costs for synthesis
equipment and precursor materials but can offer
long-term cost benefits through precise control
and tailored properties.
Disadvantages
Ultra-fine nanoparticles, nanoshells, nanotubes
can be prepared
• Deposition parameters can be controlled
• Narrow size distribution is possible (1-20 nm)
• Cheaper technique