3E

Lattice- repeating arrangement of ions, atoms or molecules

SOLID LATTICES
§ Giant m etallic lattices 金属晶体
§ Giant ionic lattices 离子晶体
§ Giant covalent/m olecular lattices 大分子晶体

§ Discrete(sim ple) m olecular lattices 小分子晶体

STRUCTURE AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES

§ Melting and boiling point

§ Solubility

§ Electrical conductivity
§ Definition
A giant metallic lattice is a lattice with a repeating arrangement of metal ions(cations)
and delocalized electrons attracted by strong electrostatic forces.
§ Properties

• High m .p

• Good electrical conductivity

• Good therm al conductivity
[Pass kinetic energy]

When the layers slide over each

other new bonds are easily
• Malleability可塑性 form ed without the lattice
• Ductility延展性 structure being broken. The
shape of lattice is changed.
§ Definition
A giant ionic lattice is a lattice with a repeating arrangement of cations and anions
attracted by strong electrostatic forces.
§ Properties
• Fairly high m.p
• Brittleness

water can disrupt

ionic lattice

pushing one layer against another brings • Poor electrical conductivity when solid but good
ions of the sam e charge next to each other， when m olten or in water
the repulsions force the layers apart • Often soluble in water
§ Definition
Repeating arrangement/a giant network of atoms by covalent bonding. Also called
network covalent lattices or giant molecular lattices
§ The four most common substances
Diamond 金刚石，钻石
Graphite 石墨
Graphene 石墨烯
Silicon(IV) oxide二氧化硅
Extrem ely hard because of the very strong C-C bonding
throughout the structure
Very high m elting tem perature because a great num ber of
strong C-C bonds have to be broken

• High m .p.
• Good conductor of electricity
[cannot conduct electricity from
one layer to another]
• The fourth electron on each carbon atom is in p-orbital
• The carbon atom s are close enough for the p-orbitals to
overlap with one another to produce a cloud of
delocalized electrons
• The delocalized electrons between the layers are free to
flow under the influence of an applied potential
difference
Low b.p.&m .p.—only need to overcom e
interm olecular forces

Increasing the num ber of electrons

and length of m olecule = increasing
forces