Agenda File of BOS (Chemistry) Combined 2019

14th Meeting of Board of Studies (BOS)
September 20, 2019
Department of Chemistry
The University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir
Muzaffarabad
Item 1: Approval of amendments/ additions proposed in existing scheme for BS 4-Year program for
discussion
Approved Scheme
Semester-I (Freshman-I)
Credit Hours
Course Code Course Title
Theory Practical
ENG-3101 Functional English 3 0
CHM-3111 Organic Chemistry 3 1
BOT-3121 Diversity of Plants 3 0
ZOO-3131 Animal Diversity-I 3 0
MAT-3141 Applied Mathematics 3 0
Total 15 1
Semester-II (Freshman-II)
Course Code Course Title Credit Hours
Theory Practical
ENG-3202 Communication Skills 3 0
CHM-3212 Inorganic Chemistry 3 1
BOT-3222 Plant Systematics, Anatomy and Development 3 0
ZOO-3232 Animal Diversity –II 3 0
ISL-3261 Islamic Studies 2 0
STA-3271 Basic Statistics 2 0
Total 16 1
Semester-III (Sophomore-I)
Theory Practical
CHM-4314 Physical Chemistry 3 1
CHM-4317 Analytical Chemistry 3 0
BOT-4323 Cell Biology, Genetics and Evolution 3 0
ZOO-4334 Animal Form and Function-I 3 0
COM-4351 Applied Computer 1 1
PKS-4381 Pakistan Studies 2 0
Total 15 2
Semester-IV (Sophomore-II)
Theory Practical
ENG-4404 Report Writing 3 0
CHM-4416 Introduction to Environmental Chemistry 2 0
CHM-4418 Biochemistry 3 1
BOT-4425 Plant Physiology and Ecology 3 0
ZOO-4436 Animal Form and Function-II 2 0
ARB-4491 Arabic 3 0
Total 16 1
Semester V (Junior-I) Credits = 16
Course Code Course Title Credit hours Description
CHM-5501 Physical Chemistry-I 3(3,0) Theory
CHM-5502 Physical Chemistry Lab-I 1(0,1) Laboratory
CHM-5516 Inorganic Chemistry-I 3(3,0) Theory
CHM-5517 Inorganic Chemistry Lab-I 1(0,1) Laboratory
CHM-5531 Organic Chemistry-I 3(3,0) Theory
CHM-5532 Organic Chemistry Lab-I 1(0,1) Laboratory
CHM-5546 Biochemistry-I 3(3,0) Theory
CHM-5547 Biochemistry Lab-I 1(0,1) Laboratory
CHM-5561 Analytical Chemistry-I 3(3,0) Theory
CHM-5562 Analytical Chemistry Lab-I 1(0,1) Laboratory
Semester VI (Junior-II) Credits = 16

CHM-5601 Physical Chemistry-II 3(3,0) Theory
CHM-5602 Physical Chemistry Lab-II 1(0,1) Laboratory
CHM-5616 Inorganic Chemistry-II 3(3,0) Theory
CHM-5617 Inorganic Chemistry Lab-II 1(0,1) Laboratory
CHM-5631 Organic Chemistry-II 3(3,0) Theory
CHM-5632 Organic Chemistry Lab-II 1(0,1) Laboratory
CHM-5646 Biochemistry-II 3(3,0) Theory
CHM-5647 Biochemistry Lab-II 1(0,1) Laboratory
CHM-5661 Analytical Chemistry-II 3(3,0) Theory
CHM-5662 Analytical Chemistry Lab-II 1(0,1) Laboratory
* Only four disciplines to be selected for 5th and 6th semesters each, with option between Biochemistry and Analytical Chemistry
Semester VII (Senior-I) Credits = 15

Students may opt for any one of the four sections namely, Physical, Inorganic, Organic and Biochemistry
CHM-6794 Spectroscopy 3(3,0) Theory
CHM-67aa 3(3,0) Theory
CHM-67aa Laboratory course 3(0,3) Laboratory
Semester VIII (Senior-II) Credits = 18

CHM-6810 Introduction to Material Chemistry 3(3,0) Theory
CHM-6894 Instruemental/Aanalytical Techniques 3(3,0) Theory
+
CHM-6898 Advanced Practicals in Chemistry 3(0,3) Laboratory
(OR)
CHM-6899 Thesis 6(0,6) Laboratory
ENG-3101 Functional English 3(3, 0)
Course Contents
Basics of Grammar
Parts of speech and use of articles
Sentence structure, active and passive voice
Practice in unified sentence
Analysis of phrase, clause and sentence structure
Transitive and intransitive verbs
Punctuation and spelling
Comprehension
Answers to questions on a given text
Discussion
General topics and every-day conversation (topics for discussion to be at the discretion of the
teacher keeping in view the level of students)
Listening
To be improved by showing documentaries/films carefully selected by subject teachers
Translation skills
Urdu to English
Paragraph writing
Topics to be chosen at the discretion of the teacher
Presentation skills
Introduction
Note: Extensive reading is required for vocabulary building
Recommended Books:
1. Functional English
a) Grammar
1. Practical English Grammar by A.J. Thomson and A.V. Martinet. Exercises 1. Third edition. Oxford
University Press. 1997. ISBN 0194313492
2. Practical English Grammar by A.J. Thomson and A.V. Martinet. Exercises 2. Third edition. Oxford
University Press. 1997. ISBN 0194313506
b) Writing
1. Writing. Intermediate by Marie-Christine Boutin, Suzanne Brinand and Francoise Grellet. Oxford
Supplementary Skills. Fourth Impression 1993. ISBN 019 435405 7 Pages 20-27 and 35-41.
c) Reading/Comprehension
1. Reading. Upper Intermediate. Brain Tomlinson and Rod Ellis. Oxford Supplementary Skills. Third
Impression 1992. ISBN 0 19 453402 2.
d) Speaking
CHM-3111 Organic Chemistry 4(3, 1)
Basic Concepts in Organic Chemistry

Basic Concepts in Hybridization of orbitals of carbon atoms in alkanes, alkenes, alkynes and arenes.
Hybridization of orbitals of nitrogen, oxygen and sulphur atoms in various functional groups. Localized and
delocalized chemical bonding. Conjugation and hyper conjugation. Resonance, rules of resonance,
resonance energy, resonance hybrid, factor effecting the resonance; inductive effect, Applications of
inductive effect and resonance on various properties of organic compounds; Steric effect and its
applications, Hydrogen bonding and its effect on various properties of organic compounds, Tautomerism.
Nomenclature of Organic Compounds

Nomenclature of cycloalkanes, bicycloalkanes, spiroalkanes, monofunctional and polyfunctional derivatives
of open chain and cyclic compounds, polysubstituted benzenes, polycyclic hydrocarbons such as
naphthalene, anthracene and phenanthrene.
Aromatic Hydrocarbons
Structure of benzene, Resonance energy of benzene, Aromaticity, Criteria for aromaticity, Evidences of
aromaticity, Natural sources of aromatic hydrocarbons; Preparation of aromatic hydrocarbons by different
methods. Reactions of aromatic hydrocarbons: electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions i.e. nitration,
halogenation, Friedal-Crafts reaction and its limitations, sulfonation; Orientation and reactivity of
substituted benzenes.
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons like naphthalene, anthracence and phenantharene, their resonance
structures and realtive stablities. Synthesis of naphthalene, Electrophilic substitution reactons of
naphthalene, Oxidation and reduction reactions, Brief description of orientation and reactivity of
naphthalenes.
Isomerism
Conformational Isomerism: conformational analysis of ethane, n-butane, cyclohexane, mono- and di-
substituted cyclohexanes.
Optical isomerism: optical activity, chirality and optical activity; enantiomers, diastreomers; recemates and
their resolution; D, L and R, S conventions; Optical isomerism in cyclohexanes, biphenyls and allenes.
Geometrical isomerism: cis and trans isomers; E-Z convention; determination of configuration of the
isomers; inter-conversion of geometrical isomers.
Alkyl halides
Preparation of alkyl halides from alcohols, carboxylic acids;
Chemical reactions: Aliphatic nucleophilic substitution reactions, SN1 and SN2 mechanism, effects of the
nature of substrates, attacking nucleophile, leaving group and the nature of solvent. Elimination reactions,
E1 and E2 mechanisms, orientation of elimination (Hoffmann and Sytzeff rules).
Grignard Reagents; synthesis, structure, and reactions with active hydrogen compounds carbonyl
compounds such as aldehydes, ketones, esters, acid halides and CO2; reaction with nitriles, ethylene
oxides, sulphur and oxygen.
Chemistry of Carbonyl Compounds
Preparation of aldehydes and ketones, by pyrolysis of calcium salts of acids, acylation of alkenes and
arenes, reduction of acid halides and nitriles.
Physical properties of aldehydes and ketones; Structure and reactivity of carbonyl group; Comparisionof
the reactivity of aldehydes and ketones; Nucleophilic addition of water, alcohols, ammonia and its
derivatives, hydrogen cyanide, bisulfite, reduction and oxidation reactions; Aldol condensation and related
reactions, Cannizaro’s reaction, Witting reaction, oxidation reactions, chaemical tests of aldehydes and
ketones.
Practicals
1. Compound Analysis
2. Identification of organic compounds containing only one functional group with special emphasis
3. On compounds containing following functional groups.
4. -COOH, -OH, C=O, -NH2 and –CONH2
5. Preparation of organic compounds
6. Preparation and techniques of purification of tribromophenol, nitrobenzene, aspirin, ethyl
benzoate and benzoic acid from toluene, butyl chloride, acetanilide.
7. Basic Experimental techniques used in organic chemistry
8. Simple distillation
9. Solvent extraction
10. Sublimation
11. Re-crystallization
12. Estimation (volumetric)
13. Determination of molecular weight of carboxylic acid.
14. Estimation of amide group and glucose.
Recommended Books
1. Younas, M., Text Book of Chemistry, Ilmi Kutab Khana, Lahore.
2. Rehman, A., Text Book of organic Chemistry, Karwan Book House, Lahore.
3. Bahl, A., and B. S. Bhat. "A Text Book of Organic Chemistry, 17th Edn, S."Chand and Company, New
Delhi ISBN: 81-219.
4. March, J., Advance Organic chemistry, John Wiley & Sons, New York.
5. Jerry March, “Advanced Organic chemistry, Reaction, Mechanism and Structure” , 5th Edition,
Wiley Inter Science.
6. Morison and Boyd, “Organic chemistry” , 6th Edition, Prentice Hall.
7. Seyhan N. Ege, “Organic chemistry Structure and Reactivity”, 3rd Edition, The University of
Michijan, A.I.T.D.S. Publishers & Distributors (Redg).
BOT-3121 Diversity of Plants 3(3, 0)
Course Contents
Comparative study of life form, structure, reproduction and economic significance of:
a. Viruses (RNA and DNA types) with special reference to TMV;
b. Bacteria and Cyanobacteria (Nostoc, Anabaena, Oscillatoria) with specific reference to
biofertilizers, pathogenicity and industrial importance.
c. Algae (Chlamydomonas, Spirogyra, Chara, Vaucheria, Pinnularia, Ectocarpus,
Polysiphonia)
d. Fungi (Mucor, Penicillium, Phyllactinia, Ustilago, Puccinia, Agaricus), their implication on crop
production and industrial applications.
e. Lichens (Physcia).
f. Bryophytes: Riccia, Anthoceros, Funaria
g. Pteridophytes: Fossils and fossilization, Psilopsida (Psilotum), Lycopsida (Selaginella),
Sphenopsida (Equisetum), Pteropsida (Marsilea), Seed Habit.
h. Gymnosperms: Cycas, Pinus, Ephedra.
Recommended Books
1. Lee, R.E. 1999. Phycology. Cambridge University Press, UK
2. Prescott, L.M., Harley, J.P. and Klein, A.D. 2004. Microbiology, 3rd ed. WM. C. Brown Publishers.
3. Alexopoulos, C.J., Mims, C.W. and Blackwell, M. 1996. Introductory Mycology. 4th ed. John
Wiley and Sons Publishers.
4. Agrios, G.N. 2004. Plant pathology. 8th ed. Academic press London.
5. Vashishta, B.R. 1991. Botany for degree students (all volumes). S. Chand and Company. Ltd.
New Delhi.
6. Andrew, H. N. 1961. Studies in Paleobotany. John Willey and Sons.
7. Ingrouille, M. 1992. Diversity and Evolution of Land Plants. Chapman & Hall.
8. Mauseth, J.D. 2003. Botany: An Introduction to Plant Biology 3rd ed., Jones and Bartlett Pub. UK
9. Marti. J. Ingrouille & Plant: Diversity and Evolution. 2006 CUP
10. Taylor, T.N. & Taylor, E.D. 2000. Biology and Evolution of Fossil Plants. Prentice Hall. N.Y.
ZOO-3131 Animal Diversity-I 3(3, 0)
Course Contents
1. Introduction
Classification of Organisms. Evolutionary Relationships and Tree Diagrams: Patterns of
organization.
2. Animal-Like Protists: The Protozoa
Evolutionary perspective, Life within a single plasma Membrane, Symbiotic Life-styles,
Protozoon Taxonomy; (up to Phyla, subphyla and super Classes, wherever applicable),
Pseudopodia and Amoeboid Locomotion; Cilia and other pellicular structure; Nutrition,
Genetic Control and Reproduction, Symbiotic ciliates, Further Phylogenetic Consideration.
3. Multicellular and Tissue Levels of Organization

Evolutionary Prespective, Origins of Multicellularity; Animal Origins. Phylum Porifera:
Characteristics and classification. Cell Types, Body Wall, and Skeletons, Water Current and Body
Forms, Maintenance Functions, Reproduction. Phylum Cnidaria (Coelenterate): Characteristics
and classification. The body Wall and Nematocysts:
Alteration of Generations, Maintenance Functions; Reproduction and Classification up to
Class. Phylum Ctenophore: Characteristics, body organization.
4. The Triploblastic and With Acoelomate Body Plan
Phylum Platyhelminthes: Evolutionary Perspective; Classification up to class, The Free-Living
Flatworms and the Tapeworms, adaptive modification for parasitic life style. Phylum Numerate;
Characteristics, body organization. Phylum Gastrotrich; Characteristics, body organization
5. Pseudocoelomate Body Plan
Phylum Aschelminths: Evolutionary perspective; General Characteristics; Classification up to order
with External Features, Feeding and Digestive system; Other Organ System; Reproduction and
Development including Phylum Rotifera, Phylum Nematoda and Phylum Kinorhyncha. Some
Important Nematode Parasites of Humans.
6. Phylum Mollusca
Evolutionary perspective; Relationship to other animals; Origin of the Coelom, Molluscan
Characteristics, Classification up to class. The Characteristics of Shell and Associated
Structures. Feeding, Digestion, Gas Exchange, Locomotion. Reproduction and Development, Other
maintenance Functions and Diversity in Gastropods, Bivalves and Cephalopods.
7. Phylum Annelida
The Metameric Body Form; Evolutionary perspective; Relationship to other animals,
Metamerism and Tag-matization, Classification up to Class. External Structure and
Locomotion, Feeding and the Digestive system, Gas Exchange and Circulation, Nervous and Sensory
Functions, Excretion, Regeneration, Reproduction and Development, in Polychaeta, Oligochaeta
and Hirudinea, Further Phylogenetic Consideration.
8. Phylum Arthropoda
Evolutionary Perspective: Classification and Relationship to other Animals, Metamerism and
Tagmatization, The Exoskeleton; Metamorphosis, Classification up to Class; Further
Phylogenetic Consideration.
9. The Hexapods and Myriapods:
Evolutionary Perspective: Classification up to class. External Structure and Locomotion,
Nutrition and the Digestive system, Gas Exchange, Circulation and Temperature Regulation,
Nervous and Sensory Functions, Excretion, Chemical Regulation, Reproduction and
Development in Hexapoda, Insects Behavior, Insect and Human.
10. Phylum Echinoderms
Evolutionary Perspective: Relationship to other Animals; Echinoderm Characteristics;
Classification up to class. Maintenance Functions, Regeneration, Reproduction, and
Development in Asteroida, Ophiuroidea, Echinoidea, Holothuridea and Crinoidea.
Some Lesser-Known Invertebrates;

The Lophophorates, Entoprocts, Cycliophores, and Cheatognaths.
Note: The minimum details of the titles in the content must be of the principal book Zoology by Miller
and Harley. This must be kept in view in teaching and assessments.
Recommended Books
1. Miller, A.S. and Harley, J.B. 1999, 2002, 2007, 2009, 2012 & 2016 Zoology, 4th , 5th, 6th, 7th,
8th , 9th& 10th Edition (International), Singapore : McGraw Hill.
2. Hickman, C.P., Roberts, L.C/, AND Larson, A., 2018. Integrated Principles of Zoology, 15th
Edition (International), Singapore: McGRAW Hill.
3. Hickman, C.P., Roberts, L.C/, and Larson, A., 2007. Integrated Principles of Zoology, 12th& 13th
Edition (International). Singapore: McGraw Hill.
4. Pechenik, J.A., 2015. Biology of Invertebrates, 7th Edition, (International), Singapore:
McGraw Hill.
5. Kent, G. C. and Miller, S., 2001. Comparative Anatomy of Vertebrates New York: McGraw
Hill.
6. Campbell, N.A., 2002; Biology, Sixth Edition, Menlo Park, California; Benjamin Cummings
Publishing Company, Inc.
MAT-3141 Applied Mathematics 3(3, 0)
Preliminaries: Real-number system, complex numbers, introduction to sets, set operations, functions,
types of functions.
Matrices: Introduction to matrices, types, matrix inverse, determinants, system of linear equations,
Cramer’s rule.
Quadratic Equations: Solution of quadratic equations, qualitative analysis of roots of a quadratic
equation, equations reducible to quadratic equations, cube roots of unity, relation between roots and
coefficients of quadratic equations.
Review of basic algebra, Trigonometry and graphic methods; Differentiation, simple and multiple variable
problems, concept of maxima and minima; integration and partial differentiation; differential equations
(linear, homogeneous, and exact); determinants, coordinate system, Cartesian and polar coordinates and
transformation. Probability and errors. Data handling; variable correlations; t-test; linear regration and line
fitting.
Recommended Books
th
1. H. Anton, I. Bevens, S. Davis, Calculus, 8 Edition, John Wiley & Sons, 2005In.
th
2. Thomas, Calculus, 11 Edition. Addison Wesley Publishing Company, 2005
th
3. H. Anton, I. Bevens, S. Davis, Calculus, 8 Edition, John Wiley & Sons, 2005In.
rd
4. Hughes-Hallet, Gleason, McCalum, et al, Calculus Single and Multivarible, 3 Edition John Wiley & Sons,
Inc 2002.
th
5. Frank A. Jr, Elliott Mendelson, Calculus, Schaum’s Outline Series, 4 Edition1999
6. C.H. Edward and E.D Penney, Calculus and Analytical Geometry Prentice Hall, Inc. 1988
7. E.W.Swokoski, Calculus and Analytical Geometry, WSPublishers,Boston, 1983
8. Swokowski, E.W.1986. Fundamentals of Algebra and Trigonometry. 6th Ed., PWS-Kent Company.
9. Kaufmann, J.E., 1987.College Algebra and Trigonometry. PWS-Kent Company, Boston.
10. Dolciani, M.P., Wooton, W., Beckenback, E.F., Sharron, S.1978. Algebra 2 and Trigonometry,
Houghton & Mifflin.
Courses for BS Chemistry (4 Year Program)
Semester-II (Freshman-II)
Theory Practical
ENG-3202 Communication Skills 3 0
CHM-3212 Inorganic Chemistry 3 1
BOT-3222 Plant Systematics, Anatomy and Development 3 0
ZOO-3232 Animal Diversity –II 3 0
ISL-3261 Islamic Studies 2 0
STA-3271 Basic Statistics 2 0
Total 16 1
Course Contents of Courses for BS Chemistry (4-Year Program)

(2nd Semester)
ENG-3202 COMMUNICATION SKILLS 3(3+0)
Objectives:
The course aims to enable the students to meet their real-life communication needs.
Course Contents:
Paragraph writing: Practice in writing a good, unified and coherent paragraph.
Essay writing: Introduction
CV and job application: Translation skills, Urdu to English
Study skills: Skimming and scanning, intensive and extensive, and speed reading, summary and précis
writing and comprehension
Academic skills: Letter/memo writing, minutes of meetings, use of library and internet.
Presentation skills: Personality development (emphasis on content, style and pronunciation).
Note: documentaries to be shown for discussion and review
Recommended Books
Grammar 1. Practical English Grammar by A.J. Thomson and A.V. Martinet. Exercises 2. Third edition.
Oxford University Press 1986. ISBN 019 431350 6.
Writing 1. Writing. Intermediate by Marie-Chrisitine Boutin, Suzanne Brinand and Francoise Grellet.
Oxford Supplementary Skills. Fourth Impression 1993. ISBN 019 435405 7 Pages 45-53 (note
taking).
2. Writing. Upper-Intermediate by Rob Nolasco. Oxford Supplementary Skills. Fourth Impression
1992 ISBN 0194354065 (particularly good for writing memos, introduction topresentations,
descriptive and argumentative writing).
Reading 1. Reading. Advanced. Brian Tomlinson and Rod Ellis. Oxford Supplementary Skills. Third
Impression 1991. ISBN 0 19 4534030.
2. Reading and Study Skills by John Langan
3. Study Skills by Riachard York.
CHM-3212 Inorganic Chemistry 4(3 + 1)
1. Periodicity
Modern periodic table, similarities and differences among first row elements, their diagonal and vertical
relationship with other elements.
2. Theories of Chemical Bonding
Introduction, modern concept of valence bond theory (VBT) and molecular orbital theory (MOT) and
their applications to homo and hetero di-and polyatomic inorganic molecules. Valence shell electron
pair repulsion (VSEPR) theory explaining the shapes of inorganic molecules (i.e. AB2, AB3, AB2E, AB4,
AB3E, AB2E2, AB5 and AB6). Directed valence bond theory (hybridization), metallic bonds.
3. Acid-Base Concept
Theories of acids and bases, applications of soft and hard acid-base (SHAB) concept. pH, pKa, pKb and
their significance. Relative strength of acids and bases based on pka values. Leveling effect. Buffers,
indicators and theory of indicators.
4. Essentials of Chemical Analysis
Law of mass action and its applications, precipitation and solubility product, common ion effect and its
application, co-precipitation, fractional precipitation.
5. Chemistry of p-Block Elements
(a) Boron and Aluminum
General characteristics, group anomalies, structure, bonding and properties of boron and aluminium
hydrides.
(b) Carbon and Silicon
General characteristics, comparison of carbon and silicon, allotropic forms of carbon. Structure and
industrial applications of carbides, silicates and silicones.
(c) Nitrogen and Phosphorus
General characteristics, group anomalies. Role of oxides of nitrogen in the environment, preparation of
nitric acid and ortho phosphoric acid.
(d) Oxygen and Sulphur
General characteristics, group anomalies, Preparation of sulphuric acid. Preparation of hypo and its use
in photography.
(e) Halogens
General characteristics, anomalous behaviour of fluorine, industrial preparation and uses of fluorine.
Structure and properties of Interhalogens and pseudohalogens.
(f) Noble Gases
A brief description of noble gases and their compounds.
6. Chemistry of d-Block Elements
Electronic configuration and oxidation states of transition elements. Nomenclature of coordination
compounds. Theories of coordination compounds; valence bond theory (VBT), molecular orbital theory
(MOT) and crystal field theory (CFT) for tetrahedral and octahedral complexes. Applications of
coordination compounds.
Recommended Books
1. Bhatti, H. N. and Rahman, R. 2013. “Text Book of Inorganic Chemistry”. Caravan Book House
Pakistan.
2. Iqbal, M. Z. 2013. “Textbook of Inorganic Chemistry”. Ilmi Kitab Khana
3. Lee, J. D. 1996. “Modern Inorganic Chemistry”. Chapmann Hall (5th Ed) England.
4. Shriver, D. F.; Atkins, P. W and Langford, C. H. 1996. Inorganic Chemistry, Oxford (2nd Ed) England.
5. G. D. Tuli, R. D. Madan, S. K. Basu and S. Prakash, “Advanced Inorganic Chemistry, Volume 1” S.
Chand & Company Ltd, 2014.
Inorganic Chemistry Practical
1. Laboratory Ethics and Safety Measures
Awareness about the toxic nature of chemicals and their handling, cleaning of glassware, safe
laboratory operations
2. Qualitative Analysis
Analysis of four ions (two cations and two anions) from mixture of salts.
3. Quantitative Analysis
1. Determine the %age purity of NaCl (rock salt) by Mohr's method.
2. Determination of number of water molecules (x) in CuSO4.XH2O iodometrically.
3. Determination of amount/dm3 of FeSO4.7H2O with K2Cr2O7 by both internal and external indicators.
4. Determination of %age of iron in Ferric alum (NH4)2SO4 Fe2(SO4)3.24H2O using K2Cr2O7 by both internal
and external indicators.
5. Standardization of EDTA solution by Magnesium Sulfate/Zinc Sulfate solution by complexometry.
6. Find out the amount of Ca2+ in the given sample of marble (lime stone) by complexometry.
4. Inorganic Preparations
1. Preparation of ferrous sulphate
2. Preparation of ferric alum
3. Preparation of barium sulphate
Recommended Books
1. Jefferey, G. H.; Bassett, Menclham, J. and Denney, R. C. 1989. Vogel's Text Book of Quantitative
Chemical Analysis. Benjamin Cummings (5th Ed) UK.
2. Vogel, A. I. A. 1995. Text Book of Macro and Semi micro Qualitative Inorganic Analysis, Longamn
Green & Co England.
3. Skoog, D. A.; West, D. M. and. Holler, F. J. 1994. Analytical Chemistry. Saunders College Publications
(6th Ed).
4. Pass, G., Sutcliffe, II. 1975. Practical Inorganic Chemistry, Preparations, Reactions and Instrumental
Methods, 2nd ed., Chapman and Hall England.
BOT-3222 Plant Systematics, Anatomy and Development 3(3+0)
Objectives:
To understand:
1. Various systems of classification, identification and nomenclature of higher plants
2. Structures and functions of tissues and organs at embryonic level
Course Contents:
a) Plant systematics
Introduction to Plant Systematics: aims, objectives and importance.
Classification: Brief history of various systems of classification with emphasis on Takhtajan. Brief
introduction to nomenclature, importance of Latin names and binomial system with an introduction to
International Code of Botanical Nomenclature (ICBN). Vienna code.
Morphology: A detailed account of various, orphological characters root, stem, leaf, inflorescence,
flower, placentation and fruit types.
Diagnostic characters, economic importance and distribution pattern of the following families:
Ranunculaceae, Brassicaceae (Cruciferae), Fabaceae (Leguminosae), Rosaceae, Euphorbiaceae,
Cucurbitaceae, Solanaceae, Lamiaceae (Labiatae), Apiaceae (Umbelliferae), Asteraceae (Compositae),
Liliaceae (Sen. Lato), Poaceae (Gramineae).
b) Anatomy
Cell wall: structure and chemical composition
Concept, structure and function of various tissues like: Parenchyma, Collenchyma, Sclerenchyma,
Epidermis (including stomata and trichomes), Xylem, Phloem.
Meristem: types stem and root apices
Vascular cambium
Structure and development of root, stem and leaf. Primary and secondary growth of dicot stem,
periderm
Characteristics of wood: diffuse porous and ring –porous, sap and heart wood, soft and hard wood,
annual rings.
c) Development / Embryology
Early development of plant body: Capsella bursa-pastoris, Structure and development of Anther
Microsporogenesis Microgametophyte, Structure of Ovule Megasporogenesis Megagametophyte,
Endosperm formation, Parthenocarpy, Polyembryony.
Practicals
Anatomy
1. Study of stomata, epidermis,
2. Tissues of primary body of plant
3. Study of xylem 3-dimensional plane of wood.
4. T.S of angiosperm stem and leaf.
Taxonomy
1. Identification of families given in syllabus with the help of keys.
2. Technical description of common flowering plants belonging to
3. Families mentioned in theory syllabus.
4. Field trips shall be undertaken to study and collect local plants.
5. Students shall submit 40 fully identified herbarium specimens.
Recommended Books:
1. Mauseth, J.D. 1998. An Introduction to Plant Biology: Multimedia Enhanced. Jones and Bartlett
Pub. UK
2. Moore, R.C., W.D. Clarke and Vodopich, D.S. 1998. Botany. McGraw Hill Company, U.S.A.
3. Raven, P.H., Evert, R.E. and Eichhorn, S.E. 1999. Biology of Plants. W.H. Freeman and Company
Worth Publishers.
4. Stuessy, T.F. 1990. Plant Taxonomy. Columbia University Press, USA.
5. Lawrence, G.H.M. 1951 Taxonomy of Vascular Plants. MacMillan & Co. New York.
6. Panday, B.P. 2004. A textbook of Botany (Angiosperms). S. Chand and Co. New Delhi.
7. Raymond E, S. E. Eichhorn. 2005. Esau’s Plant Anatomy. Meristems cells and tissues of the plant
body, 3rd ed. John Wiley & Sons. Inc.
8. Fahn, A. 1990. Plant Anatomy. Pergamon Press, Oxford.
9. Esau, K. 1960. Anatomy of Seed Plants. John Wiley, New York.
10. Maheshwari, P. 1971. Embryology of Angiosperms, McGraw Hill. New York.
11. Eames A.J. and L.H Mac Daniels. 2002. An Introduction to Plant Anatomy. Tata-Mac Graw-Hill
Publishing Company, Limited New Delhi.
12. Pullaiah, T. 2007. Taxonomy of Angiosperms. 3rd Edition Regency Publications, New Delhi.
13. Naik, V.N. 2005 Taxonomy of Angiosperms. 20th Reprint. Tata-Mac Graw-Hill Publishing
Company, Limited New Delhi.
ZOO-3232 ANIMAL DIVERSITY-II 3(3+0)
Objectives:
The objectives of the course are: -
1. To enable them to understand the Taxonomic characteristics of protochordates and
chordates.
2. To impart knowledge about the phylogenetic relationships of protochodates and various classes of
chordates.
3. To develop critical thinking about phylogeny of chordates with respect to their physiological
adaptations, behavior and ecology.
Course Learning Outcomes:
Upon successful completion of the course, the student will be able to:
1. Acquire the basic knowledge of Taxonomic characteristics of chordates.
2. Understand the phylogenetic relations and diversity of Pisces, amphibians, reptiles and mammals.
3. Analyze the process of micro evolution within chordates.
4. Demonstrate individually Phylogentic relationships of chordates and their diversity.
Course Contents:
Protochordates: Classification of protochordates. Structure, anatomy and organ systems of Acorn worms,
Urochodates and Cephalochodates. Reproduction; life histories and metamorphosis of protochodates.
Phylogenetic relationships.
Fishes: Vertebrate Success in Water. Phylogenetic relationships of Pisces. Classification of Chondrichthyes,
Osteichthyes, Dipnoi and Holocephalli. Locomotory adaptations, nutrition and the digestive system,
circulation, gas exchange, nervous and sensory functions, excretion and osmoregulation, reproduction
and development of Chondrichthyes (Scoliodon) and Osteichthyes (Cyprinus carpio and Wallago attu).
Amphibians: The first terrestrial vertebrates. Characteristics of amphibians. Phylogenetic relationships.
Classification of amphibians and characteristics of order Caudata, Gymnophiona, and Anura. Structure and
locomotory adaptations, nutrition and the digestive system, circulation, gas exchange, temperature
regulation, nervous and sensory functions, excretion and Osmoregulation, reproduction, development,
and metamorphosis of caudate, anura and Gymnophiona.
Reptiles: The First Amniotes and cladistic interpretation of the amniotic lineage. General
characteristics of reptiles. Characteristics of Order Testudines or Chelonia, Rhynchocephalia, Squamata,
and Crocodilia. Adaptations in external structure and locomotion, nutrition and the digestive system,
circulation, gas exchange, and temperature regulation, nervous and sensory functions, excretion and
osmoregulation, reproduction and development of helonia, squamata, Rhynchocephalia and
crocodilian. Further phylogenetic considerations.
Birds: Classification, Feathers, flight and endothermy. Phylogenetic relationships; ancient birds and the
evolution of flight. Diversity of modern birds. Adaptation in external structure and locomotion, nutrition
and the digestive system, circulation, gas exchange, and regulation, nervous and sensory systems,
excretion and osmoregulation, reproduction and development. Migration and navigation.
Mammals: Classification, Specialized teeth, endothermy, hair and viviparity. Diversity of mammals.
Adaptations in external structure and locomotion, nutrition and the digestive system, circulation, gas
exchange, and temperature regulation, nervous and sensory functions, excretion and osmoregulation,
behavior, reproduction and development.
Practicals
1. Classification and study of lab specimens of hemichordates, fishes, amphibians, reptiles, birds and
mammals.
2. Visit to PMNH for the study of diversity of chordates.
Recommended Books
1. Campbell, N.A. Biology. 9th Ed. 2011. Menlo Park, California Benjamin/Cummings Publishing
Company, Inc.
2. Miller, S.A. and Harley, J.B. 2010. Zoology, 8th Edition (International) Singapore: McGraw Hill.
3. Miller, S.A. 2002. General Zoology Laboratory Manual. 5th Ed. (International), Singapore:
McGraw Hill.
4. Hickman, C.P., Roberts, L.S. and Larson, A. Integrated Principles of Zoology, 14 th Edition
(International), 2009. Singapore: McGraw Hill.
5. Pechenik, J.A. Biology of Invertebrates, 4th Edition (International), 2000. Singapore: McGraw Hill.
ISL-3261 ISLAMIC STUDIES 2(2+0)
Objectives:
This course aims to:
• Provide Basic information about Islamic Studies
• Enhance understanding of the students regarding Islamic Civilization
• Improve Students skill to perform prayers and other worships
• Enhance the skill of the students for understanding of issues related to faith and religious life.
Course Contents:
Introduction to Quranic Studies: Basic Concepts of Quran: History of Quran; Uloom-ul -Quran
Study of Selected Text of Holly Quran: Verses of Surah Al-Baqra Related to Faith (Verse No-284-286),
Verses of Surah Al-Hujrat Related to Adab Al-Nabi (Verse No-1-18), Verses of Surah Al-Mumanoon Related
to Characteristics of faithful (Verse No-1-11), Verses of Surah al-Furqan Related to Social Ethics (Verse
No.63-77), Verses of Surah Al-Inam Related to Ihkam (Verse No-152-154)
Study of Selected Text of Holly Quran: Verses of Surah Al-Ihzab Related to Adab al-Nabi (Verse
No.6,21,40,56,57,58.), Verses of Surah Al-Hashar (18,19,20) Related to thinking, Day of Judgment, Verses of
Surah Al-Saf Related to Tafakar, Tadabar (Verse No-1,14)
Seerat of Holy Prophet (S.A.W) I: Life of Muhammad Bin Abdullah (Before Prophet Hood); Life of
Holy Prophet (S.A.W) in Makkah; Important Lessons Derived from the life of Holy Prophet in Makkah
Seerat of Holy Prophet (S.A.W) II: Life of Holy Prophet (S.A.W) in Madina: Important Events of Life
Holy Prophet in Madina; Important Lessons Derived from the life of Holy Prophet in Madina.
Introduction to Sunnah: Basic Concepts of Hadith; History of Hadith; Kinds of Hadith; Uloom –ul-
Hadith; Sunnah & Hadith; Legal Position of Sunnah.
Selected Study from Text of Hadith
Introduction to Islamic Law & Jurisprudence: Basic Concepts of Islamic Law & Jurisprudence;
History & Importance of Islamic Law & Jurisprudence; Sources of Islamic Law & Jurisprudence; Nature
of Differences in Islamic Law; Islam and Sectarianism.
Islamic Culture & Civilization: Basic Concepts of Islamic Culture & Civilization; Historical Development
of Islamic Culture & Civilization; Characteristics of Islamic Culture & Civilization; Islamic Culture &
Civilization and Contemporary Issues.
Islam & Science: Basic Concepts of Islam & Science; Contributions of Muslims in the Development
of Science; Quranic & Science.
Islamic Economic System: Basic Concepts of Islamic Economic System; Means of Distribution of
wealth in Islamic Economics; Islamic Concept of Riba; Islamic Ways of Trade & Commerce.
Political System of Islam; Basic Concepts of Islamic Political System; Islamic Concept of Sovereignty; Basic
Institutions of Govt. in Islam.
Islamic History: Period of Khlaft-E-Rashida; Period of Ummayyads; Period of Abbasids.
Social System of Islam; Basic Concepts of Social System of Islam; Elements of Family; Ethical Values
of Islam.
Recommended Books
1. Hameed ullah M, “Emergence of Islam”, IRI, Islamabad
2. Hameed ullah M, “Muslim Conduct of State”
3. Hameed ullah M. ‘Introduction to Islam
4. Mulana Muhammad Yousaf “Islahi”
5. Hussain Hamid Hassan, “An Introduction to the Study of Islamic Law” leaf Publication Islamabad,
Pakistan.
6. Hasan A.1993. Principles of Islamic Jurisprudence. Islamic Research Institute, International
Islamic University, Islamabad.
7. Waliullah, M.1982. Muslim Jurisprudence and the Quranic Law of Crimes. Islamic Book Service.
8. Bhatia, H.S.1989. Studies in Islamic Law, Religion and Society. Deep & Deep Publications New
Delhi.
9. Zia-ul-Haq M. 2001. Introduction to Al Sharia Al Islamia” Allama Iqbal Open University,
Islamabad.
STA-3271 Basic Statistics 2(2+0)
Objectives:
This course helps students to understand the basic concepts of statistics, itsnature, scope and importance
with special focus on its use in social sciences.
Unit 1. What is Statistics?
Definition of Statistics, Population, sample Descriptive and inferentialStatistics, Observations, Data,
Discrete and continuous variables,Errors of measurement, Significant digits, Rounding of a Number,
Collection of primary and secondary data, Sources, Editing of Data. Exercises.
Unit 2. Presentation of Data
Introduction, basic principles of classification and Tabulation, Constructing of a frequency
distribution, Relative and Cumulative frequency distribution, Diagrams, Graphs and their
Construction, Bar charts, Pie chart, Histogram, Frequency polygon and Frequency curve, Cumulative
Frequency Polygon or Ogive, Histogram, Ogive for Discrete Variable. Types of frequency curves. Exercises.
Unit 3. Measures of Central Tendency
Introduction, Different types of Averages, Quantiles, The Mode, Empirical Relation between
Mean, Median and mode, Relative Merits and Demerits of various Averages. properties of Good
Average, Box and Whisker Plot, Stem and Leaf Display, definition of outliers and their detection. Exercises.
Unit 4. Measures of Dispersion
Introduction, Absolute and relative measures, Range, The semi-Inter-quartile Range, The Mean
Deviation, The Variance and standard deviation, Change of origin and scale, Interpretation of the
standard Deviation, Coefficient of variation, Properties of variance and standard Deviation,
Standardized variables, Moments and Moments ratios. Exercises.
Unit 5. Probability and Probability Distributions.
Discrete and continuous distributions: Binomial, Poisson and Normal Distribution. Exercises
Unit 6. Sampling and Sampling Distributions
Introduction, sample design and sampling frame, bias, sampling and non sampling errors, sampling
with and without replacement, probability and non-probability sampling, Sampling distributions for
single mean and proportion, Difference of means and proportions. Exercises.
Unit 7. Hypothesis Testing
Introduction, Statistical problem, null and alternative hypothesis, Type-I and Type-II errors, level of
significance, Test statistics, acceptance and rejection regions, general procedure for testing of hypothesis.
Exercises.
Unit 8. Testing of Hypothesis- Single Population
Introduction, Testing of hypothesis and confidence interval about the population mean and proportion
for small and large samples, Exercises
Unit 9. Testing of Hypotheses-Two or more Populations
Introduction, Testing of hypothesis and confidence intervals about the difference of population means and
proportions for small and large samples, Analysis of Variance and ANOVA Table. Exercises
Unit 10. Testing of Hypothesis-Independence of Attributes
Introduction, Contingency Tables, Testing of hypothesis about the Independence of attributes.
Exercises.
Unit 11. Regression and Correlation
Introduction, cause and effect relationships, examples, simple linear regression, estimation of parameters
and their interpretation. r and R2. Correlation. Coefficient of linear correlation, its estimation and
interpretation. Multiple regression and interpretation of its parameters. Examples
Recommended Books:
1 Walpole, R. E. 1982. “Introduction to Statistics”, 3rd Ed., Macmillan Publishing Co., Inc. New York.
2 Muhammad, F. 2005. “Statistical Methods and Data Analysis”, Kitab Markaz, Bhawana Bazar,
Faisalabad.
Courses for BS Chemistry (4 Year Program)
Semester-IV (Sophomore-II)
Theory Practical
ENG-4404 Report Writing 3 0
CHM-4416 Introduction to Environmental Chemistry 2 0
CHM-4418 Biochemistry 3 1
BOT-4425 Plant Physiology and Ecology 3 0
ZOO-4436 Animal Form and Function-II 2 0
ARB-4491 Arabic 3 0
Total 16 1
Course Contents of Courses for BS Chemistry (4-Year Program)

ENG-4404 Report Writing 3(3+0)
Objectives:
Enhance language skills and develop critical thinking
Course Contents
Presentation skills
Essay writing
Descriptive, narrative, discursive, argumentative
Academic writing
How to write a proposal for research paper/term paper
How to write a research paper/term paper (emphasis on style, content,
language, form, clarity, consistency)
Technical Report writing
Progress report writing
Recommended Books:
Technical Writing and Presentation Skills
a) Essay Writing and Academic Writing
1. Writing. Advanced by Ron White. Oxford Supplementary Skills. Third Impression 1992. ISBN
0194354073 (particularly suitable for discursive, descriptive, argumentative and report
writing).
2. College Writing Skills by John Langan. Mc=Graw-Hill Higher Education. 2004.
3. Patterns of College Writing (4th edition) by Laurie G. Kirszner and Stephen R. Mandell. St.
Martin’s Press.
b) Presentation Skills
c) Reading
The Mercury Reader. A Custom Publication. Compiled by norther Illinois University. General Editiors:
Janice Neulib; Kathleen Shine Cain; Stephen Ruffus and Maurice Scharton. (A reader which will give
students exposure to the best of twentieth century literature, without taxing the taste of engineering
students).
CHM-4416 Introduction to Environmental Chemistry 2(2+0)
The human environment, the litho, bio and hydrospheres, the nature and composition of natural
waters, water pollution, chemistry of soil, composition of the atmosphere, oxides of carbon,
sulphur and nitrogen in air pollution, atmospheric monitoring, instrumental methods of
environmental chemistry.
SuggestedReadings
1. Bockris R., McMillan, “Environmental Chemistry”, USA, 1995.

2. Manahan S. E. and Milled Grant Press, “Environmental Chemistry”, 8th Ed., CRC Press, New York,
2005.
3. Mone and Mone, “Environmental Chemistry”, Academic Press,
4. Bokrin, “Environmental Chemistry”, Ploniusm Press,
5. De A.K., Willey Eastern, “Environmental Chemistry”, New Dehli, 1990.
6. Analysis, Mass and Everser, “Environmental Chemistry”, International Text Book Co., Glasgow.
7. Gilbert M., “Introduction to Environmental Science and Technology”, John Wiley and Sons.
8. Forstner U. and Wittman G., “Metal Pollution in Aquatic Environment”, Springer Verlag, New
York, 1989.
CHM-4418 Biochemistry 4(3+1)
Introduction to Biochemistry and major body fluids i.e. blood and urine, scope and Applications of
Biochemistry, disciplines related to biochemistry, cell: cellular organelles and plasma membrane: Structure,
functions, nature of biomolecules including carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids, Weak
interactions in aqueous systems, Hydrogen ion concentration, Ionic product of water, Weak acids and
bases, The relation between pH and pKa, Buffers, Buffering against pH change in biological systems,
Henderson hasselbach equation, Diffusion, Osmosis and osmotic pressure. Body fluids as electrolytes
solutions, buffering capacity of amino acids, regulation of acid-base balance, acidosis, alkalosis,
homeostasis, detoxification, circulatory system and its role to maintain body homeostasis.
Recommended Books
1. D. Voet, J. G. Voet, C. W. Pratt, “Biochemistry”, John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1999.
2. A. L. Lehninger, D. L. Nelson, M. M. Cox, “Principles of Biochemistry”, 3rd Ed., Worth
Publishers, New York, 2000.
3. G. Zubay, “Biochemistry”, W. C. B. Publishers, Toronto, 1998.
4. L. Stryer, “Biochemistry” 5th Ed., W. H. Freeman & Co., 2002.
5. R. K. Murray, D. K. Granner, P. A. Mayes, “Harper’s Biochemistry”, Rodwell, 2000.
6. Guyton and Hall, “Text Book of Biochemistry”, Barcourt Brace Asia, 1998.
7. D. E. Schumm, “Essential of Biochemistry”, Medical Edition series New York, 1999.
8. M. Ahmed, “Essentials of Medical Biochemistry”, Merit publishers Faisalabad, 1982.
9. P. C. Champe, A. R. Harvey, “Biochemistry”, Lippincott-Raven Publishers, 1994.
10. G. L. Zubay, “Principles of Biochemisty”, Mc Millan Publishing Co., 1995.
11. L. Stryer, “Biochemistry”, W. H. Freeman & Co., N. Y., 1995.
Practical Cr. I
Course Outlines
1. Preparation of buffers used in biochemical experiments at different pH.
2. Isolation and Precipitation of proteins at their isoelectric points.
3. Determination of chloride in biological fluids.
4. Determination calcium in biological fluids.
5. Estimation of Na/K ions from biological fluids.
6. Determination of pH using indicators.
7. The care and use of pH meter.
Recommended Books
1. D. T. Plummer, “An Introduction to Practical Biochemistry”, Tata Mc Graw-Hill Publishing
company Ltd. New Delhi, 1988.
2. G. Rajagopal, S. Ramakrishnan, “Practical Biochemistry for Medical Students”, Orient
Longman Ltd., Hyderabad, 1983.
3. S. P. Singh, “Manual of Biochemistry”, CBS Publishers, New Delhi, 1988.
BOT-4425 Plant Physiology and Ecology 3(3+0)
Objectives:
1. To provide comprehensive knowledge of functioning of organs, organelles and biomolecules,
2. To enable the students to assess the effects of various environmental factors on plant growth and
development.
Course outline:
a. Plant Physiology
1. Water relations (water potential, osmotic potential, pressure potential, matric potential). Absorption
and translocation of water. Stomatal regulation.
2. Mineral nutrition: Soil as a source of minerals. Passive and active transport of nutrients. Essential
mineral elements, role and deficiency symptoms of macronutrients.
3. Photosynthesis: Introduction, Oxygenic and non-oxygenic photosynthesis Mechanism: light reactions
(electron transport and photophosphorylation) and dark reactions(Calvin cycle). Differences between
C3 and C4 plants. Factors affecting this process, Products of photosynthesis.
4. Respiration: Definition and respiratory substrates. chanism-Glycolysis, Krebs cycle. Electron transport
and oxidative phosphorylation. Anaerobic respiration. Energy balance in aerobic and anaerobic
respiration, Respiratory quotients.
5. Growth: Definition; role of auxins, gibberellins,cytokinins, abscisic acid and ethylene in controlling
growth. Introduction to plant tissue culture.
6. Photoperiodism: Definition, historical background, Classification of plants based on photoperiodic
response, Role of phytochromes, and hormones and metabolites in photoperiodism,
7. Dormancy: Definition and causes of seed and bud dormancy; methods of breaking seed dormancy.
Physiological processes during seed germination.
8. Plant Movements: Classification. Tropic movements- phototropism, gravitropism and their
mechanisms. Nastic movements.
b. Ecology
1. Introduction, aims and applications of ecology.
2. Soil: Physical and Chemical properties of soil (soil formation, texture. pH, EC, organism and organic
matter etc) and their relationships to plants.
3. Light and Temperature. Quality of light, diurnal and seasonal variations. Ecophysiological responses.
4. Water: Field capacity and soil water holding capacity. Characteristics of xerophytes and hydrophytes.
Effect of precipitation on distribution of plants.
5. Wind: Wind as an ecological factor and its importance.
6. Population Ecology: Introduction. A brief description of seed dispersal, seed bank, demography,
density effects and reproductive strategy.
7. Community Ecology
i. Ecological characteristics of plant community
ii. Methods of sampling vegetation (Quadrat and line intercept)
iii. Succession.
iv. Major vegetation types of the local area.
c. Ecosystem Ecology
i. Definition, types and components of ecosystem.
ii. Food chain and Food web.
iii. Biogeochemical cycles, definition, types with emphasis on Nitrogen & Hydrological cycles.
d. Applied Ecology
i. Causes, effects and control of water logging and salinity with respect to Pakistan
ii. Soil erosion: types, causes and effects (wind and water)
iii. Brief concept of pollution types and effects (air, sediments and water pollution)
iv. Brief introduction to biodiversity and conservation with emphasis on Pakistan.
Recommended Books:
1. Ihsan Illahi 1995. Plant Physiology, Biochemical Processes in Plants, UGC Press.
2. Witham and Devlin. 1986 Exercises in Plant Physiology, AWS Publishers, Boston.
3. Taiz, L. and Zeiger, E. 2006. Plant Physiology. 4th. Ed. Sinauers Publ. Co. Inc. Calif.
4. Salisbury F.B. and Ross C.B. 1992. Plant Physiology. 5th Edition. Wadsworth Publishing Co. Belmont CA.
5. Hopkins, W.B. 1999. Introduction to Plant Physiology. 2nd Ed. John Wiley and Sons. New York
6. Schultz, J.C. 2005. Plant Ecology. Springer-Verlag, Berlin.
7. Ricklefs, R.E. 2000. Ecology. W.H. Freeman and Co., UK.
8. Ricklefs, R.E. 2001. The Economy of Nature. W.H. Freeman and Co., UK.
9. Barbour, M. G., J. H. Burke and W.D. Pitts. 1999. Terrestrial Plant Ecology, The Benjamin, Cumming
Publishing Co. Palo Alto, California, USA.
10. Chapman, J.L. and Reiss, M.J. 1995. Ecology: Principles and Applications. Cambridge University
Press.
11. Hussain F. 1989. Field and Laboratory Manual of Plan Ecology. National Academy of Higher
Education, Islamabad.
12. Hussain, S.S. 1989. Pakistan Manual of Plant Ecology; National Book Foundation, Islamabad.
13. Larcher, W. 2003 Physiological Plant Ecology: Ecophysicology and Stress Physiology of Functions
Groups – Springer Verlag.
14. Krebs, C. J. 1997. Ecology. Harper and Row Publishers.
15. Smith, R. L. 1996. Ecology and Field Biology. Addison Wesley Longman, Inc., New York.
16. Smith, R. L. 1998. Elements of Ecology. Harper and Row Publishers, New York.
17. Smith, R. L. 2004.Ecology and field biology. Addison Wesley Longman, Inc., New York.
18. Subrahmanyam, N.S. and Sambamurthy, A.V.S.S. 2000. Ecology. Narosa Publishing House, New
Delhi.
19. Townsend, C.R., Harper, J.L. and Begon, M.E. 2002. Essentials of Ecology. Blackwell Scientific
Publications, UK.
ZOO-4436 Animal Form and Function-II 2(2+0)
Objectives:
The Objectives of the courses are:
1.To teach about animals’ diversity adapted in different strategies for performance of their similar
functions through modifications in body parts in past and present times.
2. To impart understanding of diverse strategic structural adaptations in each of the functional
systems of nutrition, excretion, osmoregulation and reproduction and development for
effective survival in their specific conditions.
3. To understand the organ systems, their specialization and coordination with each other and
constantly changing internal and external environment, inside and outside the animal’s body.
4. To embrace the phenomena in basic structure of each system that determines its particular
function.
Learning Outcomes:
1. Acquire the concept that for the performance of a function for example exchange of respiratory
gases the different forms are adapted in t environments e.g. gills in aquatic and lungs in terrestrial
environment.
2. Understand that diverse forms adapted to perform the same functions are because of the different past
and present conditions.
3. Solve of emergence of diversity of forms for the performance of similar function.
4. Analyze the requirements of diverse forms for the performance of similar function in their past
and present needs.
5. Evaluate the adaptations in forms for its efficiency in managing the function in differing situations in the
past and present times.
6. Demonstrate that a form is successfully adapted to perform a function adequately and
successfully.
Course Contents:
Nutrition and Digestion: Evolution of nutrition; the metabolic fates of nutrients in heterotrophs;
digestion. Animal strategies for getting and using food, diversity in digestive structures of
invertebrates. The mammalian digestive system: gastrointestinal motility and its control. Oral cavity,
pharynx and esophagus, stomach, small intestine: main site of digestion; large intestine; role of the
pancreas in digestion; and role of the liver and gallbladder in digestion.
Temperature and Body Fluid Regulation: Homeostasis and Temperature Regulation; The Impact of
Temperature on Animal Life; Heat Gains and Losses; Some Solutions to Temperature Fluctuations;
Temperature Regulation in Invertebrates, Fishes, Amphibians, Reptiles, Birds and Mammals; Heat
Production in Birds and Mammals. Control of Water and Solutes (Osmoregulation and Excretion);
Invertebrate and Vertebrate. Excretory Systems; How Vertebrates Achieve Osmoregulation;
Vertebrate Kidney Variations; Mechanism in Metanephric Kidney Functions. Reproduction and
Development.
Reproduction: Asexual reproduction in invertebrates; advantages and disadvantages of asexual
reproduction. Sexual reproduction in invertebrates; advantages and disadvantages of sexual reproduction;
sexual reproduction in vertebrates; reproductive strategies; examples of reproduction among various
vertebrate classes. The human male reproductive system: spermatogenesis, transport and hormonal
control, reproductive function. The human female reproductive system: folliculogenesis, transport and
hormonal control, reproductive function; hormonal regulation in gestation; prenatal development and
birth: the placenta; milk production and lactation.
Recommended Books
1. Pechenik, J.A. 2013. Biology of Invertebrates, 4th Ed. (International), Singapore: McGraw Hill.
2. Hickman, C.P., Roberts, L.S., Larson, A. 2004. Integrated Principles of Zoology, 11 th Ed.
(International), Singapore: McGraw Hill.
3. Miller, S.A., Harley, J.B. 2002. Zoology, 5th Ed. (International), Singapore: McGraw Hill.
4. Campbell, N.A. 2002. Biology, 6th Ed. Menlo Park, California: Benjamin/Cummings Publishing
Company, Inc.
5. Kent, G.C., Miller, S. 2001. Comparative Anatomy of Vertebrates. NewYork: McGraw Hill.
6. Hickman, C.P., Kats, H.L. 2000. Laboratory Studies in Integrated Principles of Zoology. Singapore:
McGraw Hill.
ARB-4491 Arabic 3(3+0)
Course Contents:
1. Demonstrative Pronouns (Words meanings, Sentences, Exercise)
2. Attached pronouns (Words meaning, Sentence Making, Exercise)
3. Possessive case (words meaning, subject and predicted rules, Exercise)
4. Adjectives (words meanings sentences, type, Exercise etc.)
5. Detached pronouns and Preposition (Words meanings, sentence making, Exercise)
6. Plurals (Words making, how to make plurals from a singular noun, Exercise, their types, sentences)
7. Past tense (Words meanings, verb and its form, sentences, Exercise)
8. Present and future (Words meanings, verb and its form, sentences, Exercise)
9. Contractions (Words meanings, sentences for practice, Exercise)
10. Real Verb & Ill verbs (Definitions, words meanings, translation, Exercise)
11. Gender (Words meanings, translation, exercise)
12. Accounting. Exercise.
13. Time (Telling times, Exercise)
14. Subject from verb (Words meanings, sentences and exercise)
15. Body parts (Colors, sentences and exercise)
16. Pronouns attached with letters and nouns (Sentences and exercise)
17. Revision for noun clause and verb clause (Definitions, words meanings, sentences, exercise).
18. Alphabets
19. Selected Poems: exercise
20. Selected Hadith
Recommended Book:
1. Al-Lisaan-ul-Arabi. Latest Edition. Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad.
Courses for Semester-I
Course detail is presented in the relevant section
Courses for Semester-II
CHM-3212 Inorganic Chemistry 4(3, 1)
Courses for Semester-III
CHM-4314 Physical Chemistry 4(3, 1)
CHM-4317 Analytical Chemistry 3(3, 0)

Introduction to Analytical Chemistry; Precision, Accuracy, Signal-to-noise ratio, Limits of detection, Errors;
Measuring apparatus, Sampling; Expression of quantities and concentrations (Molarity, Normality,
Molality, ppm and ppb solutions, percent solutions (w/v, v/w, w/w and v/v) and use of primary and
secondary standards; Basic approach to equilibrium, Isotonic, hypotonic and hypertonic solutions. General
tests for carbohydrates, Molisch’s test, Benedict’s test, Fehling’s test, Bradford test. Protein tests:
ninhydrine test and biuret test. Buffer, buffer solution preparation.
Recommended Books
1. Daniel C. Harris, “Quantitative Chemical Analysis”, 5th Edition, Freeman and Company, N.Y, 1999.
2. Christian, G.D., “Analytical Chemistry”, John Wiley and Sons.
Courses for Semester-IV
CHM-4418 Biochemistry 4(3, 1)
CHM-4416 Introduction to Environmental Chemistry 2(2, 0)

The human environment, the litho, bio and hydrospheres, the nature and composition of natural waters,
water pollution, chemistry of soil, composition of the atmosphere, oxides of carbon, sulphur and
nitrogen in air pollution, atmospheric monitoring, instrumental methods of environmental chemistry.
Recommended Books
2. Manahan S. E. and Milled Grant Press, “Environmental Chemistry”, 8th Ed., CRC Press, New York,
3. 2005.
9. Forstner U. and Wittman G., “Metal Pollution in Aquatic Environment”, Springer Verlag, New York,
1989.
Courses for Semester V-VIII
Courses for Semester-VII
Three theory courses and one lab course (from a particular discipline) and one Spectroscopy course
CHM-6794 Spectroscopy 3(3,0)
Theory, principles, instrumentation, spectral parameters and spectral study of Nuclear Magnetic
Resonance Spectroscopy and Mass Spectrometry
Recommended Books
1. McMurry, J., Fundamentals of Organic Chemistry, 4th Ed., Brooks/Cole Publishing Co.,
California, 1994.
2. Brown, D.W., Floyed, A. J. and Sainsbury, M., Organic Spectroscopy, J. Wiley and sons, Chichester,
1998.
3. Williams, D.H. & Fleming, I., Spectroscopic Methods in Organic Chemistry, 4th Ed., McGraw-Hill Book Co.,
London, 1987.
4. Hesse, M., Meir, H. and Zech, B., Georg, Thieme Spectroscopic Methods in Organic Chemistry, Verlog,
Stuttgart, New York, 1997.
5. Younas, M., Organic Spectroscopy, A. H. Publisher, Lahore.
6. Atta-ur-Rehman, NMR Spectroscopy, Vol. 1, National Academy of Higher Education, University Grants
Commission Islamabad.
Courses for Semester-VIII
Three theory courses from a particular discipline + one course of Introduction to Material Chemistry +
Thesis or (Advanced Practicals in Chemistry + Instruemental/ Analytical Techniques)
CHM-6810 Introduction to Material Chemistry 3(3,0)
Introduction to materials, properties of materials, types of materials, nanomaterials, methods of
preparation of materials, materials characterization techniques: X-ray diffraction (XRD) for materials
characterizations, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) its working principle and applications, Energy
dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), working principle of EDX and its applications, UV-vis analysis of
materials and band gap calculations.
Recommended Books:
1. Sam Z.; Lin L.; Ashok K. Materials characterization techniques; CRC Press, United states; 2008. ISBN:
1420042955, 9781420042955.
2. Bradley D. Fahlman. Materials chemistry; springer 2nd edition
3. Allcock H. R; Introduction to materials chemistry, John Wiley & Sons: 2011. ISBN: 1118210980,
9781118210987.
4. Manoharan S.; Chemistry of materials, National program on technology enhanced learning (NPTEL)
5. Guozhong Cao, Nanostructures and Nanomaterials: Synthesis, Properties and Applications,
Imperial College Press 2004. ISBN: 1860944809, 9781860944802.
CHM-6894 Instrumental/ Analytical Techniques 3(3,0)
Chromatography (TLC, CC, HPLC and GC), Conductometry, Polarimetry, Refractometry, Gel-
electrophoresis, ELISA.
CHM-6898 Advanced Practicals in Chemistry 3(0,3)
Advanced practical will include at least four practicals from each section, i.e. Organic/
Inorganic/Analytical/ Biochemistry and Physical chemistry.
Recommended Books
1. Furniss, B. S., Hannaford, A. J., Smith, P. N. G., & Taldull,, A.R., Vogels Textbook of Practical
Organic Chemistry, 5th Ed., Longman Scientific & Technical, London, 1989.
2. Adams, R., Johnson, J. R., & Wilcox Jr., Laboratory Experiments in Organic Chemistry, 6th Ed.,
Collier-Macmillan, London, 1970.
CHM-6899 Thesis 6(0,6)

Physical Chemistry Section
Course for Semester-III
CHM-4314 Physical Chemistry 4(3,1)
1. Physical States of Matter

1. Gases
General characteristics of gases, Gay Lussac’s law, kinetic molecular theory of gases, molecular
velocities (average velocity, mean square velocity, root mean square velocity, most probable
velocity), ideal and real gases, deviation of gas from ideality, derivation of kinetic gas equation,
molecular collisions, collision diameter, critical phenomenon of gases, liquefaction of gases,
mean free path.
2. Liquid
General characteristics of liquids, physical properties like surface tension, viscosity, parachor
value, rheochor value and their applications, refractive index, specific and molar refraction and
their applications, optical activity, specific rotation, dipole moment and molecular structure.
2. Quantum theory and structure of atom
Classical and quantum mechanics, failure of classical mechanics, the concept of quantization, dual
nature of matter, de-Broglie’s equation, Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle and its limitation, wave
function, concept of atomic orbitals, quantum numbers, electronic distribution of elements.
3. Chemical Thermodynamics
Introduction, extensive and intensive properties, first law of thermodynamics and its possible
cases, enthalpy of a system, heat capacity of gases at constant volume and at constant pressure,
heat capacities relationship, 2nd law of thermodynamics, concept of entropy, entropy change in
phase transition, heat engine, Carnot heat engine and its efficiency, concept of Gibb’s and
Helmholtz's free energy, change in free energy and equilibrium constant.
4. Surface Chemistry
Absoption and adsorption, types of adsorption, characteristics and factors which affect adsorption,
applications of adsorption, physical adsorption and chemisorptions, catalysis, types of catalysis,
enzyme catalysis, characteristics of catalysis.
Recommended Books
1- Bhatti H.N. and K. Hussain, “Principles of Physical Chemistry”, Carvan Book House, Lahore.
2- Chaudhary G.R, “A Text Book of Physical Chemistry”, Imtiaz Book Depot, Lahore.
3- Akhtar M.N. & Ghulam Nabi, “A Text Book of Physical Chemistry”.
4- Maron S.H. & B. Jerome, “Fundamentals of Physical Chemistry”, macruthan Publishing Co. Inc.
New York. (Also published by National Book Foundations).
5- Atkins P.W., “Principles of Physical Chemistry” Pitman Publishing Company (1990).
6- Jones M., “Elements of Physical Chemistry”, Addisson-Sesky publishing Company.
7- Atkins, P.W. “Physical Chemistry” 6th ed., W.H. Freeman and Co. New York (1998).
8- Laidler K.J., John H.M. and Bryan C.S. “Physical Chemistry” 4th ed., Houghton Mifflin Publishing
Company Inc. (2003).
9- Peter P.A. “Chemical Thermodynamics” Oxford University Press (1983).
10- Brain S.E. “Basic Chemical Thermodynamics” 4th ed., E.L.B.S. Publishers (1990).
11- Barrow G.W. “Physical Chemistry” 5th ed., McGraw Hill (1992)
Physical Chemistry Practicals
1. Determination of surface tension and parachor value by stalagmometer.
2. Determination of percent composition of liquid solutions from surface tension measurements.
3. Determination of viscosity and Rhechor value of Liquids from viscosity measurements.
4. Determination of percent composition of liquid solutions viscometrically.
5. Determination of refractive index and specific refractivity by refractometer.
6. Determination of percent composition of liquid solutions by refractive index measurements.
7. Determination of heat of solution of salts/ heat of neutralization by calorimetric method.
8. Determination of angle of rotation of an optically active substance.
9. Determination of percent composition of an optically active substance in solution.
10. Conductometric titration of strong acid and strong base.
Recommended Books
1- Levitt B.P., “Findlay’s Practical physical Chemistry”, 9th Ed., Longman Group Limited.
2- Das R.C. and B. Behera, “Experimental Physical Chemistry”, Tata McGraw Hill Publishing Company
Limited.
3- Crocleford H.D., H.W. Biard, F.W. Getzen & JW. Nowell, “Laboratory Manual of physical
Chemistry”, 2nd Ed., John Wiley & Sons London.
4- Helpern Arthur M., “Experimental Physical Chemistry. A Laboratory Textbook” 2 nd ed. Prentice Hall
(1997).
5- Bassette J., Denney C., Jeffery G. H. and Mendham J. “Vogel’s Textbook of Quantitative Inorganic
Analysis Including Elementary Instrumental Analysis”. English Language Book Society. 4th ed.
(1978).
6- Daniel, F., Experimental Physical Chemistry” McGraw Hill (1962).
7- Shoemaker, D., “Experimental Physical Chemistry” McGraw Hill (1989)
Courses for Semester-V
CHM-5501 Physical Chemistry-I 3(3,0)
Chemical Kinetics
Introduction, concept of rate of chemical reaction, rate law, velocity constant, elementary and complex
reactions, order and molecularity of reaction, different order reactions, derivation of kinetic equation for
zero, 1st, 2nd and 3rd order reactions with all possible cases, various methods for determining the rate of
chemical reaction, factors effecting the rate of chemical reaction, Arrhenius equation, theories of reaction
rates for unimolecular, bimolecular and termolecular reactions, transition state theories, comparison of
collision and transition state theories.
Chemical Thermodynamics
Introduction, first law of thermodynamics, reversibility and maximum work, enthalpy, heat capacities and
their relationship. Joule Thomson effect, effect of temperature on change in enthalpy (Clausius-Claperon
equation), second law of thermodynamics, entropy and its calculations, dependence of free energy on
pressure and temperature, free energy relationship with equilibrium constant for chemical reactions and
other thermodynamic functions, third law of thermodynamics, zeroth law of thermodynamics,
unattainability of absolute zero of temperature.
Kinetic Theory of Gases
Ideal and real gases, equations of state for real gases (Beatte-Bridgeman and Varial equation), Maxwell
law of molecular velocities, calculations of molecular velocities, Maxwell and Boltzman law of energy
distribution, molecular collisions, viscosity of gases and distribution.
Recommended Books
1. Alberty, R.A and Silbey, R.J., “Physical Chemistry” John Wiley, New York, 1995.
2. Atkins, P.W, “Physical Chemistry” 5th Ed., W.H. Freeman & Company, New York, 1994.
3. Barrow, G. M. “Physical chemistry” McGraw Hill, Singapore, 1988.
4. Klotz, I.M, “Chemical Thermodynamics” 3rd Ed., W.A. Benjamin Inc., California, 1972.
5. Pitzer, K.S, “Thermodynamics” 3rd Ed., McGraw-Hill, New York, 1995.
6. Latham, J.L. & Burgess, A.E, “Elementary Reaction Kinetics” 3rd Ed., Butterworths, London, 1977.
CHM-5502 Physical Chemistry Lab-I 1(0,1)
1. Refractive index of the given liquid and its molecular refractivity.

2. Determination of composition of the given liquid mixture of liquids A and B refractometrically.
3. Specific and molecular rotation of the cane sugar.
4. Determination of concentration of an optically active substance polarimetrically.
5. Verification of Beer’s Law for solution like, KMnO4 or K2Cr2O7 colorimetrically.
6. Determination of the concentration of unknown solution colorimetrically.
7. Determination of equilibrium constant of
8. A kinetic study of acid hydrolysis of ethyl acetate.

9. Kinetics of saponification of ethyl acetate.
Recommended Books
1. Daniel, F. and et al, “Experimental physical chemistry” New York McGraw Hill, New York.
2. Findlay, A. and Kitchner, J.A, “Practical physical Chemistry” Longman, Green and Co, 1976.
3. Silbey, R. J., Alberty, R. A. and Bawendi, M. G., Physical Chemistry, 4th ed., Jojn-Wiley & Sons, (2005).
4. McQuarrie, D. A. and Simon, J. D., Physical Chemistry - A Molecular Approach, 1st ed., University
Science Books, (1997).
5. Keeler. J. and Wothers, P., Chemical Structure and Reactivity: An Integrated Approach, 1st ed.,
Oxford University Press, (2008).
6. Helpern, A. M., Experimental Physical Chemistry: A Laboratory Textbook 2nd ed., Prentice Hall,
(1997).
7. Garland, C. W., Nibler, J. W. and Shoemaker, D., P., Experiments in
8. Physical Chemistry, 8th ed., McGraw-Hill, (2003).
9. Atkins, P., Jones, L., Chemical Principles: The Quest for Insight, 5th ed., W. H. Freeman, New York,
(2010).
Courses for Semester-VI
CHM-5601 Physical Chemistry-II 3(3,0)
1. Quantum M echanics
Black Body radiations, photoelectric effect, Compton effect, postulates of quantum mechanics, concept
of wave functions, operators, eigen and non-eigen functions, derivation of Schrodinger wave
equation for one dimension and three dimensions, concept of degeneracy, orthogonal and normalized
set of functions, tunneling effect, Pauli exclusion principle.
2. Electrochemistry
Introduction, Conductance, resistance, conductors and insulators, electrolytic and electronic conduction,
specific conductance, molar conductance, equivalent conductance, measurement of specific, molar and
equivalent conductance, effect of dilution on specific, molar and equivalent conductance, cell constant and
its determination, types of electrolytic dissociation, weak and strong electrolytes, Ostwald’s dilution law,
electrochemical cells, types of cells, development of cells, EMF and its measurement, activity, activity
coefficients and their determination by emf method, Debye-Huckel limiting law, Huckel and Onsager
equation on conductance, concept of electrode potential, standard electrode potential, change in free
energy and entropy of electrochemical cells, electrochemical basis for corrosion
3. Statistical Mechanics
Microstates and configurations, Boltzmann law of distribution of energies, partition function and its
physical significance.
Recommended Books
1. Alberty, R. A and Silbey, R.J., “Physical Chemistry” John Wiley, New York, 1995.
2. Atkins, P. W, “Physical Chemistry” 5th Ed., W.H. Freeman & Company, New York, 1994.
3. Barrow, G. M., “Physical chemistry” McGraw Hill, Singapore, 1988.
4. Levine, I.N., “Quantum Chemistry” 4th Ed., Prentice Hall, New Jersey, and Prentice Hall India 1991.
5. Hanna, M.W., “Quantum Mechanics in Chemistry” 3rd Ed., The Benjamin/Cummings Co.,
California, 1981.
6. Lowe, J.P., “Quantum Chemistry” 2nd Ed. Academic Press. Boston.2 New York, 1993.
7. Bockris, J.M. and Reddy, A. K. N., “Modern Electrochemistry” Plenum Press, New York, 1970.
8. Bard. A. and Faulkner, L.R., “Electrochemical Methods Fundamentals and Applications” John Wiley, New
York, 1980.
CHM-5602 Physical Chemistry Lab-II 1(0,1)
1. Determine the pH of a given solution by buffer solution method.

2. To find out the strength of HCl solution by titrating it against NaOH solution using pH meter.
3. Determine the dissociation constant of weak acid using potentiometer.
4. Conductance measurements.
5. Find out the strength of HCl solution by titrating it against NaOH solution conductometrically.
6. Spectroscopic determination of Cu percentage in the given sample.
7. Determination of molecular weight of a polymer by viscosity method.
Recommended Books
1. Daniel, F. and et al, “Experimental physical chemistry” New York McGraw Hill, New York.
2. Findlay, A.and. Kitchner, J.A., “Practical physical Chemistry” Longman, Green and Co.,1976
3. Shoemaker, D.P. and Garland, C., “Experiments in physical chemistry” McGraw Hill, New York.
4. Silbey, R. J., Alberty, R. A. and Bawendi, M. G., Physical Chemistry, 4th ed., John-Wiley & Sons,
(2005).
5. James, A. M., Prichard, F. E., Practical Physical Chemistry, 3rd ed., Longman Group Limited, New
York, (1974).
CHM-6701 Chemical Kinetics 3(3,0)
Higher order kinetics and their half life period, cause of higher order rarity, method of studying reaction
kinetics, physical and chemical methods, review of common experimental methods, measurement of
pressure at constant volume, measurement of volume at constant pressure, conductometric method,
potentiometric methods, treatments of kinetic data by Powell’s plot method, Guggenheims method,
Ostwald isolation method and differential method, kinetics of some parallel, opposing and consecutive
reactions, steady state approximation, surface reactions, correlations of physical properties with
concentration, gas phase reactions, reaction in solution phase, conductometric, dilatometric and
spectrophotometric method, kinetics of thermally excited chain reactions of hydrogen and Bromine, fast
reactions and their method of study by flow techniques, plug flow technique and relaxation method,
mechanism of chain and photochemical reactions.
Recommended Books
2. Atkins, P.W., “Physical Chemistry” 5th Ed., W.H. Freeman & Company, New York, 1994.
3. Latham, J. L. & Burgess, A. E., “Elementary Reaction Kinetics” 3rd Ed., Butterworths, London,
1977.
CHM-6702 Surface Chemistry 3(3,0)

History of adsorption, adsorption, absorption, sorption and desorption, characteristics of adsorption,
difference between adsorption and absorption, adsorbant and adsorbate, mechanism of adsorption and
their comparison, factors effecting adsorption, specific surface area and its determination, forces
involved in adsorption, types of adsorption curve, ethalpy of adsorption and thermodynamics, types of
enthalpy of adsorption, desorption and activation energies. classical Freundlich adsorption isotherm,
test of Freundlich adsorption isotherm, limitations of Freundlich’s equation, Langmuir adsorption isotherm,
gas adsorption isotherms, Henry’s equation, fundamental equation for surface layer, Gibbs absorption
equation and its applications, adsorption of mixture of gases, application of adsorption.
Recommended Books
1. Rosen, Milton J., “Surfactants and Interfacial Phenomena” John Wiley, New York, 1978.
2. Hiementz, P. C. and Rajaqopalam, R., “Principles of Colloid & Surface Chemistry” Marcel Dekker,
1997.
3. Fennel-Evans, D., “The Colloidal Domain” VCH, 1994.
4. Hiemenzt, P. C., and Rajagopalan, R., “Principles of Colloid & Surface Chemistry” Marcel Dekker,
Inc., New York, Basel, Hong Kong, 1997.
CHM-6703 Photochemistry 3(3, 0)
Kinds of chemical reactions, demonstration of photochemical reactions, characteristic of photochemical

reactions, difference between dark and photochemical reactions, types of photochemical reactions,
sources of photochemical radiations, mechanism of photochemical reaction, laws of photochemistry, basic
laws of photochemistry, Lambert-Beer’s law, limitations of Lambert-Beer’s law, photochemical equilibrium
and equilibrium constant, quantum efficiencies, experimental determination of quantum yield, deviations
in the law of photochemical equivalence, low quantum yield reactions, high quantum yield reactions, small
integer quantum yield reactions, factors affecting quantum yield, types of photochemical reactions,
kinetics of photochemical rate law, kinetics of photochemical dissociation of HI reactions which do not
involve chain (kinetics of photochemical reactions of Hydrogen with Chlorine), Phosphorescence,
fluorescence, chemiluminescence, luminescence, photosynthesis.
Recommended Books
1. Cox, A., Kemp, T.J., “Introduction of Photochemistry” McGraw- Hill, London, 1971.
2. Calvert, J.G., Pitts, J.N., “Photochemistry” John Wiley New York, 1966.
CHM-6704 Molecular Spectroscopy 3(3, 0)
Spectroscopy, electromagnetic radiations, classification of spectroscopy, electromagnetic spectrum,

regions of electromagnetic spectrum, experimental techniques, microwave spectroscopy, rotation of
linear system, Rotation of rigid rotors, rotation of non-rigid rotors, rotation of symmetric Tops, rotation of
Asymmetric tops, kinetic energies of the system, quantum mechanical treatment of linear system,
symmetric top molecules and asymmetric tops, rotation spectrum and selection rules for linear system,
symmetric and asymmetric tops, applications of microwave spectroscopy, infra red spectroscopy, simple
harmonic oscillator, difference in energy levels, anharmonic oscillators, selection rules for simple
harmonic oscillator, selection rules for anhormonic oscillators, U. V. spectroscopy, electronic
spectroscopy, absorption laws, instrumentation (U.V.), Frank condon principle.
Books Recommended
1. Barrow, G.M. Mc Graw-Hill, “Introduction to Molecular Spectroscopy” Auckland, Singapore,

London, 1962.
2. Banwell, C.N., “Fundamentals of Molecular Spectroscopy” 2nd Ed., McGraw-Hill, London, N.Y.,
1972.
3. King, G.W., Holt, Rinchert & Winston, “Spectroscopy and Molecular Structure” New York, 1964
CHM-6705 Polymer Chemistry 3(3,0)
Basic concept of polymers, classification of polymers, texture and solubility, nomenclature of polymers,
molecular forces and chemical bonding in polymers, kinetics of chain polymerization, free radical
polymerization, kinetics of step growth polymerization, acid catalyzed, externally catalyzed and self
catalyzed polymerization, copolymerization, types of copolymers, composition and kinetics, crystallinity of
polymers, glass transition temperature in polymers, effect of structure and cross linking on transition
temperature, molecular weight determination of polymers.
Books Recommended
1. Raymond Seymors, B., “Introduction to polymer chemistry” McGraw Hill, New York,
2. Joel R. Fried, “Polymer Science and technology” Prentice-Hall of India, New Delhi, 1995.
3. Billmeyer, F. W, “Text book of polymer Science” John Wiley and sons, New York, 1994.
4. Ravue, “Principles of Polymer Chemistry” Plenum Publishers, New York, 2000.
CHM-6706 Solution Chemistry 3(3, 0)
Solutions: Their role in Chemistry; classification; concept of solute and solvent interactions; mixtures and
their importance. Interactions in solutions: Solvent-solvent interactions; solute-solvent interactions.
Electrolyte solution: Ion-ion interactions; ion-pairing; structure of solvates. Measurement: Microscopic and
macroscopic properties; transport properties.
CHM-6707 Statistical Mechanics 3(3,0)
Historical background and basics: Probability; description of various systems; ensembles; concepts of
states and accessible states; distribution of energy; Maxwell-Boltzmann’s Statistics (MBS) of the systems of
independent particles. Partition functions: Derivations and determinations of independent particles.
Statistical thermodynamics: correlation of partition and thermodynamic functions. Applications: To
chemical Equilibrium and chemical kinetics; Fermi-Diarc’s (FD) and Bose-Einstein’s (BS) statistics.
CHM-6708 Nanochemistry 3(3,0)
Introduction to nanoparticles, overview of nanoscale materials and their applications, effect of length scale
on physical properties, Introduction to nanotechnology and the two approaches (bottom up and top down)
followed for the synthesis of nanomaterials. Synthetic methodologies of nanomaterials: microemulsion, sol
gel route, green nanoparticle production, Graphene, Fullerenes and carbon nanotubes, nanowires,
photocatalysis, magnetic properties of nanomaterials
Recommended Books:
1. Guozhong Cao, Nanostructures and Nanomaterials: Synthesis, Properties and Applications, Imperial
College Press 2004. ISBN: 1860944809, 9781860944802.
2. T. Pradeep, Nano: The Essentials Understanding nanoscience and nanotechnology, Tata McGrawHill
Publishing Company Limited New Delhi, 2007. ISBN: 007163889X 9780071638890.
3. Nanomaterials Synthesis, Properties and Applications Edited by A S Edelstein and R C Cammarata, IOP
Publishing Ltd 1996. ISBN: 9780750305785.
CHM-6715 Physical Chemistry Lab- III 3(0, 3)

1. Determination of specific rate constant for the saponification of ethyl acetate conductometrically.
2. Determination of Equilibrium constant for the reversible reaction.
3. Determination of heat of solution of oxalic acid by solubility method using Van’t Hoff equation.
4. Acid Base conductometric titration
5. Obtain a spectral absorption curve of a given substance using a spectrophotometer and also find
the wave length of maximum absorption.
6. Verify Beer's law for given solution, also measure the unknown concentration.
Recommended Books
1. Sing, A., “Advanced experimental physical chemistry” 1st Ed., Campus Book international, New
Delhi, 2005.
2. Findlay, A.and Kitchner, J.A., “Practical physical Chemistry” Longman, Green and Co, 1976.
3. Shoemaker, D.P. and Garland, C., “Experiments in physical chemistry” McGraw Hill, New York.
CHM-6801 Quantum Mechanics 3(3, 0)

Operators and their properties, algebra of operators, quantum mechanical operators, complex numbers,
well behaved function, probability function and average values, Schrödinger formulation of quantum
mechanics, dynamic variables, state functions, the law of quantum mechanics, stationary states,
corollaries of quantum mechanics, stationary states, atomic units, derivation of quantum numbers from
Schrodinger wave equation, polar co-ordinate system, applications of Schrodinger wave equation for
hydrogen and helium atom.
Books Recommended
1. Levine, I.N., “Quantum Chemistry” 4th Ed., Prentice Hall, New Jersey, and Prentice Hall India 1991.
2. Hanna, M.W., “Quantum Mechanics in Chemistry” 3rd Ed., The Benjamin/Cummings Co.,
California, 1981.
3. Lowe, J.P., “Quantum Chemistry” 2nd Ed. Academic Press. Boston., New York, 1993.
CHM-6802 Colloids and Surfactants 3(3,0)

Colloids, difference between colloidal and true solution, types of colloids, phases of colloidal solution,
difference between lyophilic and lyophobic colloids, preparation of colloidal dispersion, purification of
colloidal solution, properties of colloidal suspension, determination of size of colloidal particles by
sedimentation of suspension and ultra centrifuge method, electrokinetic phenomena, electrophoresis,
electro osmosis and streaming potential, coagulation of colloids, protection of the colloidal state, gold
number, origin of charge on sol particles. Stability of solution, associated colloids, micelles, mechanism of
micelle formation. Emulsions, preparation of emulsions, role of emulsifier, properties of emulsion, gel,
types of gels, properties of gels, applications of colloids.
Recommended Books
1. Hiementz, PC. and Rajaqopalam, R., “Principles of colloid, & surface Chemistry” Marcel Dekker,
1997.
2. Fennel-Fvans, D., “The collodial Domain” VCH, 1994.
CHM- 6803 Electrochemistry 3(3,0)
Theories of electrolytes, interfacial phenomenon, electrode kinetics, Butter Volmer equation, Nernst
equation, acitivity and acitivity coefficient, applications of acitivity coefficients, ionic strength, Kohlrausch’s
law of independent migration, standard electrodes, emf of the cell with transference and without
transferences, electrolysis, ionic theory of electrolysis, electrochemical series, displacement reactions,
batteries and commercial cells, dry cell, lead storage cell, fuel cells,
Books Recommended
1. Bockris, J.M. and Reddy, “Modern Electrochemistry” A.K.N. 2 Vols. Plenum Press, New York, 1970.
2. Bard. A. and Faulkner, L. R., “Electrochemical Methods Fundamentals and Application” John Wiley,
New York, 1980.
CHM-6804 Nuclear and Radiation Chemistry 3(3, 0)
Introduction, composition of the nucleus, natural and artificial radioactivity, radioactive decay, half life,
fission and fusion reactions, nuclear reactors, stellar energy, natural and artificial transformation,
transuranic elements, acceleration of charged particles (projectiles), linear accelerator, cycloterons,
radiation hazards, nuclear waste and their treatment, uses of traces in chemistry.
Books Recommended
1. Friedlander, G. And Kennedy, J.W., “Nuclear and Radiochemistry” Others 3rd Ed., John Wiley &
Sons, New York, 1980.
2. Arnikar, H.J., “Essentials of Nuclear Chemistry” 4th Ed. New Age International Publishers Ltd.
Wiley Eastern Ltd. New Delhi, 1995.
3. Spinks, J.W.T. and Woods, R.J., “An Introduction to Radian Chemistry” 2nd Ed., John Wiley,
New York, 1976.
CHM-6805 Chemical Thermodynamics 3(3, 0)

Thermodynamics of systems of variable composition, dependence of state functions on variables,
thermodynamic behaviour of ideal gases, fugacity and determination of fugacity, criteria for equilibrium
partial molal quantities, determination of molal quantities, ideal solutions, laws of dilute solutions, activity,
activity coefficient and its determination and equilibrium constant, colligative properties, phase rule.
Books Recommended
2. Atkins, P.W., “Physical Chemistry” 5th Ed., W. H. Freeman & Company, New York, 1994.
3. Barrow, G. M., “Physical chemistry” McGraw Hill, Singapore, 1988.
4. Klotz, I.M., “Chemical Thermodynamics” 3rd Ed., W.A. Benjamin Inc., California, 1972
5. Pitzer, K.S., “Thermodynamics” 3rd Ed., McGraw-Hill, New York, 1995.
CHM-6806 Catalysis 3(3,0)
Catalysis, criteria of catalysis or characteristics of catalytic reactions, types of catalysis, promoters,

catalytic poisoning and poisoning effect of catalyst, autocatalysis, negative catalysis, and inhibitors,
activation energy and catalysis, theories of catalysis, the intermediate compound formation’s theory, the
adsorption theory, active centers on catalyst surface, acid base catalysis and its mechanism,
heterogeneous catalysis, mechanism of heterogeneous catalysis, kinetics of heterogeneous (surface)
catalytic reactions, enzyme catalysis, characteristic of enzyme catalysis, mechanism of enzyme reactions.
Books Recommended
1. Bond, G.C., “Heterogeneous catalysis: Principles and Applications”, 2nd Ed., Oxford, Clarendon
Press, 1987.
2. Agrawal, G. L., “Basic chemical kinetics” Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing company limited, 1990.
CHM-6807 Computational Chemistry 3(3,0)

Computer Auded Numerical Methods: Least square curve fitting method for linear functions and its
modified forms for other functions, statistical analysis. Numerical differentiation. Geometrical Application
of Integration: Are under the curves of various natures, calculation of volume, and length of curve line.
Numerical integration: Rectangular, trapezoidal and parabolic methods of approximation. Molecular
Modeling: Model building using different force field parameters, geometry optimization.
CHM-6809 Solid State Chemistry 3(3,0)

Unit cells and crystal systems: Lattices and their description: Bravais lattice; Miller indices; unit cell
contents. Point groups and their relevant classification based on symmetry. Space groups and crystal
structures: Close-packed structures (cubic, hexagonal, tetragonal and other packing arrangements).
Important structure types (Rutile, Rock Salt, Zinc Blend, Wurtzite, etc.) Perfect and imperfect crystals:
Types of defects with description. Diffusion of ions in solids; dislocation; mechanical properties and
reactivity of solids. Theories of electrical conductance: Different types of solids, metals and non- metals.
Organic Chemistry Section
Courses for Semester-I

Basic Concepts in Organic Chemistry
Basic Concepts in Hybridization of orbitals of carbon atoms in alkanes, alkenes, alkynes and arenes.
Hybridization of orbitals of nitrogen, oxygen and sulphur atoms in various functional groups. Localized and
delocalized chemical bonding. Conjugation and hyper conjugation. Resonance, rules of resonance,
resonance energy, resonance hybrid, factor effecting the resonance; inductive effect, Applications of
inductive effect and resonance on various properties of organic compounds; Steric effect and its
applications, Hydrogen bonding and its effect on various properties of organic compounds, Tautomerism.
Nomenclature of Organic Compounds
Nomenclature of cycloalkanes, bicycloalkanes, spiroalkanes, monofunctional and polyfunctional derivatives

of open chain and cyclic compounds, polysubstituted benzenes, polycyclic hydrocarbons such as
naphthalene, anthracene and phenanthrene.
Aromatic Hydrocarbons
Structure of benzene, Resonance energy of benzene, Aromaticity, Criteria for aromaticity, Evidences of
aromaticity, Natural sources of aromatic hydrocarbons; Preparation of aromatic hydrocarbons by different
methods. Reactions of aromatic hydrocarbons: electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions i.e. nitration,
halogenation, Friedal-Crafts reaction and its limitations, sulfonation; Orientation and reactivity of
substituted benzenes;
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons like naphthalene, anthracence and phenantharene, their resonance
structures and realtive stablities. Synthesis of naphthalene, Electrophilic substitution reactons of
naphthalene, Oxidation and reduction reactions, Brief description of orientation and reactivity of
naphthalenes.
Isomerism
Conformational Isomerism: conformational analysis of ethane, n-butane, cyclohexane, mono- and di-
substituted cyclohexanes.
Optical isomerism: optical activity, chirality and optical activity; enantiomers, diastreomers; recemates and
their resolution; D, L and R, S conventions; Optical isomerism in cyclohexanes, biphenyls and allenes.
Geometrical isomerism: cis and trans isomers; E-Z convention; determination of configuration of the
isomers; inter-conversion of geometrical isomers.
Alkyl halides
Preparation of alkyl halides from alcohols, carboxylic acids;
Chemical reactions: Aliphatic nucleophilic substitution reactions, SN1 and SN2 mechanism, effects of the
nature of substrates, attacking nucleophile, leaving group and the nature of solvent. Elimination reactions,
E1 and E2 mechanisms, orientation of elimination (Hoffmann and Sytzeff rules).
Grignard Reagents; synthesis, structure, and reactions with active hydrogen compounds carbonyl
compounds such as aldehydes, ketones, esters, acid halides and CO2; reaction with nitriles, ethylene
oxides, sulphur and oxygen.
Chemistry of Carbonyl Compounds
Preparation of aldehydes and ketones, by pyrolysis of calcium salts of acids, acylation of alkenes and
arenes, reduction of acid halides and nitriles.
Physical properties of aldehydes and ketones; Structure and reactivity of carbonyl group; Comparisionof
the reactivity of aldehydes and ketones; Nucleophilic addition of water, alcohols, ammonia and its
derivatives, hydrogen cyanide, bisulfite, reduction and oxidation reactions; Aldol condensation and related
reactions, Cannizaro’s reaction, Witting reaction, oxidation reactions, chaemical tests of aldehydes and
ketones.
Practicals
15. Compound Analysis

16. Identification of organic compounds containing only one functional group with special emphasis
17. On compounds containing following functional groups.
18. -COOH, -OH, C=O, -NH2 and –CONH2
19. Preparation of organic compounds
20. Preparation and techniques of purification of tribromophenol, nitrobenzene, aspirin, ethyl
benzoate and benzoic acid from toluene, butyl chloride, acetanilide.
21. Basic Experimental techniques used in organic chemistry
22. Simple distillation
23. Solvent extraction
24. Sublimation
25. Re-crystallization
26. Estimation (volumetric)
27. Determination of molecular weight of carboxylic acid.
28. Estimation of amide group and glucose.
Recommended Books
8. Younas, M., Text Book of Chemistry, Ilmi Kutab Khana, Lahore.
9. Rehman, A., Text Book of organic Chemistry, Karwan Book House, Lahore.
10. Bahl, A., and B. S. Bhat. "A Text Book of Organic Chemistry, 17th Edn, S."Chand and Company, New
Delhi ISBN: 81-219.
11. March, J., Advance Organic chemistry, John Wiley & Sons, New York.
12. Jerry March, “Advanced Organic chemistry, Reaction, Mechanism and Structure” , 5th Edition,
Wiley Inter Science.
13. Morison and Boyd, “Organic chemistry” , 6th Edition, Prentice Hall.
14. Seyhan N. Ege, “Organic chemistry Structure and Reactivity”, 3rd Edition, The University of
Michijan, A.I.T.D.S. Publishers & Distributors (Redg).
CHM 5531 Organic Chemistry-I 3(3,0)
1. IUPAC Nomenclature
2. Basic concepts of organic chemistry: Atomic orbitals; hybrid orbitals and bonds; organic
structures; inductive effect; resonance; mesomerism; hyperconjugation; hydrogen bonding;
aromaticity.
3. Acids and Bases: concept of weak acids and bases; organic acids and bases; scale of acidity and
basicity; pKa values; effect of resonance, induction, electrostatic, steric and hydrogen bonding on
strength of acids and bases; linear free energy relationships- Hammet, and Taft equations.
4. Organic chemical reactions and their mechanistic classification.
5. Brief and Introductory description of Substitution Reaction: Free radical, Electrophilic, and
Nucleophilic substitution reactions
6. Addition Reactions: Addition to C-C multiple bonds, C-O double bonds
7. Elimination Reaction: E1 and E2 reactions
8. Basics of stereochemistry: structure; chirality; enantiomers, optical activity; RS-convention of
configuration; racemic mixture and their resolution.
Recommended Books
1. Handrickson, J. B., Cram, D. J. and Hammond, G.S., Organic Chemsitry, 3rd Ed, MacGraw-Hill,
Tokyo, 1970.
2. Morrison, R. T., and Boyde, R.N., Organic Chemistry, 6th Ed. Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, New
Jersey, 1992.
3. March, J., Advanced Organic Chemistry, 4th Ed., John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1992.
4. Finar, I.L., Organic Chemistry, 6th Ed., Vol. 1 & 2, Longman, London, 1973.
CHM-5132 Organic Chemistry Laboratory-I 1(0, 1)
1. Functional Group Analysis of organic compounds.

2. Analysis of three component mixtures by solubility methods. (5 mixtures at least)
3. Introduction to basic lab techniques: distillations; recrystallization; solvent extraction;
chromatography (PC, TLC).
4. Recommended Books
5. Furniss, B.S., Hannaford, A.J., Smith, P.N.G., & Taldull,, A.R., Vogels Textbook of Practical Organic
Chemistry, 5th Ed., Longman Scientific & Technical, London, 1989.
6. Adams, R., Johnson, J.R., & Wilcox Jr., Laboratory Experiments in Organic Chemistry, 6th Ed.,
CHM 5631 Organic Chemistry-II 3(3,0)
1) Chemistry of carbonyl compounds with special reference to condensation reactions

2) Active methylene compounds
Alkylation, Arylation of active methylene compounds. Acid and base catalysed aldol
condensation.
Conditions, mechanism and synthetic applications of the following reactions:
Claisen- Schmidt reaction, Claisen reaction, knoevenagel reaction, Perkin reaction,
Reformatsky reaction, Mannich reaction, Stobbe’s condensation, and Wittig reaction.
3) Basic spectroscopy: introduction; detailed account of ultraviolet and infrared spectroscopy.
Suggested Readings
1. Handrickson, J. B., Cram, D.J. and Hammond, G.S., Organic Chemsitry, 3rd Ed, MacGraw-Hill,
Tokyo, 1970.
2. Morrison, R.T., and Boyde, R.N., Organic Chemistry, 6th Ed. Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, New
Jersey, 1992.
4. Finar, I. L., Organic Chemistry, 6th Ed., Vol. 1 & 2, Longman, London, 1973.
5. Brown, D. W., Floyed, A. J. and Sainsbury, M., Organic Spectroscopy, J. Wiley and sons,
Chichester, 1998.
6. Williams, D. H. & Fleming, I., Spectroscopic Methods in Organic Chemistry, 4th Ed., McGraw-Hill
Book Co., London, 1987.
CHM 5632 Organic Chemistry Laboratory-II 1(0, 1)
i) Separation of three component mixtures by chromatographic (CC, TLC)

methods. (10 mixtures)
ii) Simple preparations: at least four by the choice of teacher concerned.
Suggested Readings
1. Furniss, B. S., Hannaford, A. J., Smith, P. N. G., & Taldull,, A.R., Vogels Textbook of Practical
Organic Chemistry, 5th Ed., Longman Scientific & Technical, London, 1989.
CHM-6731 Reaction Mechanism-I 3(3,0)

Determination of Organic Reaction Mechanism by Kinetic andNon-kineticMethods
Concept of mechanism; requirement of a reaction; Kinetic approach---- measurement of rates, order
and molecularity of reactions, use of steady state approximation, kinetic isotope effects; Non-kinetic
approach---- identification of product, testing, trapping and physical detection of intermediates
evidences for reaction catalysis; crossover experiments, isotopic labelling; stereochemical studies.
Aliphatic Nucleophillic Substitution Reactions.
Study of SN1, SN2, SNi, SN1 , SN2 , Ione pair mechanism; study of effects of substrate, leaving group,
attacking nucleophile, solvent system on mechanism and rates of reaction.
Elimination Reactions
Study of E1, E2 and E1CB; study of effects of substrate, leaving group, attacking nucleophile, solvent
system on mechanism and rates of reaction; orientation of double bond and competition between
substitution and elimination reactions.
Suggested Readings
1. Issac, Neil S., Physical Organic Chemistry, Longman Scientific and Technical Publishers, USA.
2. Handrickson, J. B., Cram, D. J. and Hammond, G. S., Organic Chemsitry, 3rd Ed, MacGraw-Hill,
Tokyo, 1970.
3. Morrison, R. T., and Boyde, R. N., Organic Chemistry, 6th Ed. Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, New
Jersey, 1992.
5. Lowry T. H. & Richardson, K.W., Mechanism and Theory in Organic Chemistry, 3rd Ed., Harper &
Row Publishers, New York, 1987.
7. McMurry, J., Fundamentals of Organic Chemistry, 4th Ed., Brooks/Cole Publishing Co., California,
1994.
CHM-6732 Introductory Stereochemistry 3(3,0)
Structure and symmetry; Symmetry elements and point groups; Relative and absolute configurations;
Conformation and conformational analysis of ethane, propane and butane; Geometric Isomerism
Stereochemical nomenclature, Stereochemical reactions; Asymmetric synthesis; Reactions and
resolution of enantiomers.
Suggested Readings
1. March J., Advanced Organic Chemistry,4th Ed., John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1992.
2. Eliel, E.L., Wilen S.H., and Mander, L.N., Stereochemistry of Carbon Compounds, 4th Ed., John
Wiley & Sons, New York, 1994.
3. Eliel, E.L., Wilen S.H., and Mander, L.N., Stereochemistry of Organic Compounds, 4th Ed., John
Wiley & Sons, New York, 2002.
CHM-6733 Name Reactions in Organic Chemistry 3(3, 0)

Detailed study of at least twenty name reactions including Arndt-Eistert Synthesis; Blaise Reaction;
Bouvealt-Blanc Reaction; Hel-Volhard-Zelinsky reaction; Meerwein-Pondhof-Verley Oxidation; Mannich
Reaction; Schotten-Baumen Reaction; Mitsonubo Coupling; Suzuki Coupling; Wittig reaction. Heck
reaction, Pollazari reaction, Corey-House synthesis, Simmon-Smith reaction, Streacker synthesis,
Micheal reaction, Williamson ether synthesis, Prins reaction, Wurts reaction, Robinson annelation
reaction, Hinsberg reaction
Suggested Readings
CHM-6734 Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds 3(3, 0)

Introduction; Nomenclature; Synthesis and chemistry of upto six membered heterocycles,
containing one heteroatom like nitrogen, oxygen and sulphur.
Suggested Readings
1. Young, D. W., Heterocyclic Chemistry,
2. Palmer, M. H., Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds, Edward Arnold Publishers, London, 1967.
CHM-6735 Organic Synthesis-I 3(3, 0)

Reactive intermediates
Study of carbenes, nitrenes and benzynes with respect to their structure generation, important
reactions and synthetic applications.
Introduction to Protecting groups

Introduction conditions and requirements of a good protecting group Protection of hydroxyl, Amino,
Aldehyde and Carboxylic acid.
Molecular Rearrangements
Introduction to basic concepts; study of following rearrangements:
C-C: Wagner-Meerwein rearrangement; pinacol-pinacolone rearrangement; Favorskii rearrangement;
benzillic acid rearrangement; benzidine rearrangement.
C-N: Hoffmann rearrangement; Beckmann rearrangement; Curtius rearrangement; Losen
rearrangement; Wolf rearrangement; Schmidt rearrangement.
C-O: Baeyer-Villiger rearrangement; dienone- phenol rearrangement; Dakin rearrangement; cumene-
hydroperoxide rearrangement.
Suggested Readings
2. Norman, R.O.C., and Coxon, J.M., Principles of Organic Synthesis, 3rd Ed., Blackie Academic and
Professional, London, 1993.
3. Warren, S., Organic Synthesis, The Disconnection Approach, John Wiley & Sons, Chichester,
1992.
CHM-6745 Organic Chemistry Laboratory- III 3(0,3)

Preparation
Aromatic nitration reactions; Reduction of aromatic nitro compounds; Diazotization reactions;

Esterification reactions; Aldol condensation; Benzaldehyde to benzillic acid synthesis; synthesis of
benzopinacol; Pinacol-Pinacolone rearrangement; HNO3 oxidation; Polymerization reaction; any
other preparation by teacher’s choice (Minimum 8)
Isolation
a) Caffeine from tea leaves

b) Lycopenes/ carotene from tomatoes.
Suggested Readings
1. Furniss, B. S., Hannaford, A. J., Smith, P. N. G., & Taldull,, A. R., Vogels Textbook of Practical Organic
Chemistry, 5th Ed., Longman Scientific & Technical, London, 1989.
3. Pavia, D. L., Lampmann, G. M., Kriz, G. S., Introduction to Organic Laboratory Techniques—A
Microscale Approach, 3rd Ed., Saunders College Publishing, New York, 1999.
4. Fieser, L. F., Williamson, K. L., Organic Experiments, 7th Ed., D. C. Heath & Co., New York, 1994.
CHM-6831 Reaction Mechanism-II 3(3,0)
Oxidation and Reduction Reactions
• Oxidation: Introduction; oxidation of hydrocarbons; olefinic bonds; oxygenated systems including

alcohols, aldehydes and ketones.
• Reduction: Introduction; reduction of hydrocarbons; cycloalkanes; conjugated olefins; alkynes;
aromatic rings; hydrgenolysis of aldehydes and ketones.
Aromatic Electrophilic Substitution
ArSE1, ArSE2 and ArSE3 Mechanisms. Brief account of arenium ion mechanism; orientation and reactivity
in mono substituted and di substituted benzene; study of halogenation, nitration, sulfonation,
formulation Friedel Craft’s alkylation and acylation reactions.
Aromatic Nucleophilic Substitution

Study of following mechanisms
i. Intermediate complex mechanism
ii. Benzyne mechanism
iii. SN1
iv. ANRORC mechanism
v. Radical nucleophilic mechanism
Suggested Readings
1. Issac, Neil S., Physical Organic Chemistry, Longman Scientific and Technical Publishers, USA.
2. Handrickson, J. B., Cram, D. J. and Hammond, G.S., Organic Chemsitry, 3rd Ed, MacGraw-Hill, Tokyo,
1970.
3. Morrison, R.T., and Boyde, R.N., Organic Chemistry, 6th Ed. Prentice Hall, EnglewoodCliffs, New
Jersey, 1992.
5. Lowry T.H. & Richardson, K.W., Mechanism and Theory in Organic Chemistry, 3rd Ed., Harper &
7. McMurry, J., Fundamentals of Organic Chemistry, 4th Ed., Brooks/Cole Publishing Co., California,
1994.
CHM-6832 Spectroscopy for Organic Chemists 3(3, 0)
Structure elucidation of organic compounds on the basis of UV, IR, NMR and Mass spectral
information.
Suggested Readings
1. McMurry, J., Fundamentals of Organic Chemistry, 4th Ed., Brooks/Cole Publishing Co.,
California, 1994.
2. Brown, D.W., Floyed, A. J. and Sainsbury, M., Organic Spectroscopy, J. Wiley and sons,
Chichester, 1998.
3. Williams, D.H . & Fleming, I., Spectroscopic Methods in Organic Chemistry, 4th Ed., McGraw-
Hill Book Co., London, 1987.
4. Hesse, M., Meir, H. and Zech, B., Georg, Thieme Spectroscopic Methods in Organic
Chemistry, Verlog, Stuttgart, New York, 1997.
5. Younas, M., Organic Spectroscopy, A. H. Publisher, Lahore.
6. Atta-ur-Rehman, NMR S p e c t r o s c o p y , Vol. 1, National Academy of Higher Education,
University Grants Commission Islamabad.
CHM-6833 Natural Products 3(3,0)
Alkaloids: Introduction, classification, isolation and general methods of structure determination.

Chemistry of Ephedrine, Conine, Nicotine. Biosynthesis of alkaloids.
Terpenoids: Introduction, classification, isolation and general methods of structure
determination. Chemistry of Citral, α-Pinene and Camphor. Biosynthesis of terpenoids.
Steroids: Introduction, classification, isolation and general methods of structure determination.
Chemistry of Cholesterol, Vitamin D. Biosynthesis of steroids.
Suggested Readings
CHM-6834 Introduction to Organic Polymers 3(3,0)
Definition; Classification; Types of polymerization reactions; Step-growth and chain-growth

polymerization; Polymer characterization and molecular weight determination.
Suggested Readings
1. Young, R., & Lovell, P.A., Introduction to Polymers, Chapman & Hall Publishers, UK.
2. Cowie, J.M.G., Polymers Chemistry and Physics of Modern Materials, Billing & Sons Ltd. UK.
CHM-6835 Pericyclic Reactions and Photochemistry 3(3,0)
Pericyclic Reactions
Introduction; Classification; Examples of thermal and photochemical electrocyclic, cycloaddition and
sigmatropic reactions. Symmetry of orbitals and correlation diagrams. Theories of concerted pericyclic
reactions---- Woodward-Hofmann theory, Fukui’s theory of Frontier Orbital method, Mobius-Huckel
theory.
Photochemistry
Introduction; 1st and 2nd law of photochemistry; Quantum yield; Norish Type I and Type II reactions;
Jablonskii diagram; Phosphorescence; Fluorescence.
Suggested Readings
1. Woodward & Hoffman, The Conservation of Orbital Symmetry, Verlag Chemie, G. Mb. H.
2. Hendrickson, J. B., Cram, D. J. , and Hammond, G. S., Organic Chemsitry, 3rd Ed, MacGraw-Hill,
Tokyo, 1970.
3. Morrison, R.T. and Boyde, R.N., Organic Chemistry, 6th Ed. Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, New
Jersey, 1992.
4. Lowry, T.H., & Richardson, K. W., Mechanism and Theory in Organic Chemistry, 3rd Ed., Harper &
CHM-6836 Organic Synthesis-II 3(3,0)
Introduction to reterosynthesis; Functional Group Interconversion; C-C, C-N and C-O bond
formation; Analysis and synthesis of 1,1-, 1,2- and 1,3-difunctionalized compounds.
Suggested Readings
2. Norman, R. O. C. and Coxon, J. M., Principles of Organic Synthesis, 3rd Ed., Blackie Academic and
Professional, London, 1993.
3. Warren, S., Organic Synthesis, The Disconnection Approach, John Wiley & Sons, Chichester,
1992.
CHM-6837 Special Topics in Organic Chemistry 3(3,0)
Any area of choice of teacher offering the course.

Inorganic Chemistry
Courses for Semester-II
CHM-3212 Inorganic Chemistry 4(3, 1)

7. Periodicity
Modern periodic table, similarities and differences among first row elements, their diagonal and vertical
relationship with other elements.
8. Theories of Chemical Bonding

Introduction, modern concept of valence bond theory (VBT) and molecular orbital theory (MOT) and
their applications to homo and hetero di-and polyatomic inorganic molecules. Valence shell electron
pair repulsion (VSEPR) theory explaining the shapes of inorganic molecules (i.e. AB2, AB3, AB2E, AB4,
AB3E, AB2E2, AB5 and AB6). Directed valence bond theory (hybridization), metallic bonds.
9. Acid-Base Concept
Theories of acids and bases, applications of soft and hard acid-base (SHAB) concept. pH, pKa, pKb and
their significance. Relative strength of acids and bases based on pka values. Leveling effect. Buffers,
indicators and theory of indicators.
10. Essentials of Chemical Analysis
Law of mass action and its applications, precipitation and solubility product, common ion effect and its
application, co-precipitation, fractional precipitation.
11. Chemistry of p-Block Elements
(a) Boron and Aluminum
General characteristics, group anomalies, structure, bonding and properties of boron and aluminium
hydrides.
(b) Carbon and Silicon
General characteristics, comparison of carbon and silicon, allotropic forms of carbon. Structure and
industrial applications of carbides, silicates and silicones.
(c) Nitrogen and Phosphorus
General characteristics, group anomalies. Role of oxides of nitrogen in the environment, preparation of
nitric acid and ortho phosphoric acid.
(d) Oxygen and Sulphur
General characteristics, group anomalies, Preparation of sulphuric acid. Preparation of hypo and its use
in photography.
(e) Halogens
General characteristics, anomalous behaviour of fluorine, industrial preparation and uses of fluorine.
Structure and properties of Interhalogens and pseudohalogens.
(f) Noble Gases
A brief description of noble gases and their compounds.
12. Chemistry of d-Block Elements
Electronic configuration and oxidation states of transition elements. Nomenclature of coordination
compounds. Theories of coordination compounds; valence bond theory (VBT), molecular orbital theory
(MOT) and crystal field theory (CFT) for tetrahedral and octahedral complexes. Applications of
coordination compounds.
Recommended Books
6. Bhatti, H. N. and Rahman, R. 2013. “Text Book of Inorganic Chemistry”. Caravan Book House
Pakistan.
7. Iqbal, M. Z. 2013. “Textbook of Inorganic Chemistry”. Ilmi Kitab Khana
8. Lee, J. D. 1996. “Modern Inorganic Chemistry”. Chapmann Hall (5th Ed) England.
9. Shriver, D. F.; Atkins, P. W and Langford, C. H. 1996. Inorganic Chemistry, Oxford (2nd Ed) England.
10. G. D. Tuli, R. D. Madan, S. K. Basu and S. Prakash, “Advanced Inorganic Chemistry, Volume 1” S.
Chand & Company Ltd, 2014.
Inorganic Chemistry Practical

1. Laboratory Ethics and Safety Measures
Awareness about the toxic nature of chemicals and their handling, cleaning of glassware, safe
laboratory operations
2. Qualitative Analysis
Analysis of four ions (two cations and two anions) from mixture of salts.
3. Quantitative Analysis
1. Determine the %age purity of NaCl (rock salt) by Mohr's method.
2. Determination of number of water molecules (x) in CuSO4.XH2O iodometrically.
3. Determination of amount/dm3 of FeSO4.7H2O with K2Cr2O7 by both internal and external indicators.
4. Determination of %age of iron in Ferric alum (NH4)2SO4 Fe2(SO4)3.24H2O using K2Cr2O7 by both internal
and external indicators.
5. Standardization of EDTA solution by Magnesium Sulfate/Zinc Sulfate solution by complexometry.
6. Find out the amount of Ca2+ in the given sample of marble (lime stone) by complexometry.
4. Inorganic Preparations
4. Preparation of ferrous sulphate
5. Preparation of ferric alum
6. Preparation of barium sulphate
Recommended Books
1. Jefferey, G. H.; Bassett, Menclham, J. and Denney, R. C. 1989. Vogel's Text Book of Quantitative
Chemical Analysis. Benjamin Cummings (5th Ed) UK.
2. Vogel, A. I. A. 1995. Text Book of Macro and Semi micro Qualitative Inorganic Analysis, Longamn
Green & Co England.
3. Skoog, D. A.; West, D. M. and. Holler, F. J. 1994. Analytical Chemistry. Saunders College Publications
(6th Ed).
4. Pass, G., Sutcliffe, II. 1975. Practical Inorganic Chemistry, Preparations, Reactions and Instrumental
Methods, 2nd ed., Chapman and Hall England.
CHM-5516 Inorganic Chemistry–I 3(3,0)
1. Theories of Covalent Bonding (Structure of Molecules)
A brief history of concept of chemical bond. Nature and types of chemical bonding, Lewis concepts,
ionic, covalent, coordinate covalent bond. VSEPR model followed by VB theory (Hybridization and
Resonance concept) to explain the structure of molecules of various types. Molecular orbital approach
as applied to diatomic and polyatomic molecules. Bonding in electron deficient compounds. Hydrogen
bonding. Theories of metal bonds, conductors, semi-conductors and insulators. Effect of
temperature and impurities on conductivity.
2. Chemistry of Lanthanide and Actinide Elements
Electronic structure, position in the periodic table, oxidation states, occurrence, extraction- separation,
General properties, complex formation, Lanthanide and Actinide contraction, Applications.
Suggested Readings
1. Lee J. D., “Concise Inorganic Chemistry”, 5th edition, Black Well Science, 1996.
2. James Huheey E., “Inorganic Chemistry, Principles of Structure and Reactivity”, 3rd Ed.
Cambridge, Harper International, London, 1983.
3. Machay K. M. and Machey R. A., “Introduction to modern Inorganic Chemistry”, 3rd Ed.
International text book company London, 1981.
4. Green wood, “Chemistry of the elements”, 2nd Ed., Jardan, Hill oxford, 1997.
CHM-5517 Inorganic Chemistry Lab–I 1(0,1)
1. Separation of metal ions by paper chromatography and their identification with the help of
locating agents and comparison of Rf values (at least 2 experiments).
2. Preparation and standardization of Molar and Normal solutions of common acid-base reagents.
3. Aqueous Acid-Base Titrations (at least 4)
4. Precipitation Titrations
i) Preparation and standardization of silver nitrate solution
ii) Determination of chlorides and bromides
iii) Determination of mixture of halides by adsorption indicators
5. Determination of %age Purity of (NH4)2SO4 using cation exchanger
Suggested Readings
1. Bassett J., “Vogel’s text books of quantitative analysis”, 4th Ed., Longman Group Limited, 1978.
CHM-5616 Inorganic Chemistry–II 3(3,0)
1. Introduction to Coordination Chemistry
Electronic configuration and oxidation states of transition metals, Werner’s theory for coordination
complexes and its comparison with Blomstrand-Jorgensen Chain Theory, ligands, nomenclature of
coordination complexes. Bonding Theories (VBT, MOT and CFT) for explanation of coordination bonding.
Common geometries of coordination complexes. Chelates and chelate effect. Distortion in Structures.
The spectrochemical series, colour of metal complexes. Magnetic properties (diamagnetism,
paramagnetism), Isomerism, Stereochemistry.
2. Pi-Acceptor Ligands
Introduction to Mono-, bi- and polynuclear transition metal carbonyls, bonding nature, general
characteristics and reactions. The 18-electron rule as applied to metal carbonyls, Rationalization of
molecular structures, Equation of Structures based on spectroscopic evidence
Suggested Readings
1. Cotton, F.A. and Wilkinson G., “Advanced Inorganic Chemistry”, 5th Ed, John Wiley & Sons, New
York, 1988.
2. James Huheey, E., “Inorganic Chemistry, Principles of Structure and Reactivity”, 3rd. Ed.,
3. Basolo, F. and Johnson, R., “Coordination Chemistry”, W.A. Benjamin, Inc., 1964.
4. Zafar Iqbal M., “Pi-Acceptor Ligands”, UGC Islamabad, 1982.
5. Kent Murmann R., “Inorganic complex compounds”, Reinhold publishing corporation, New York,
1964.
6. Kamlesh Bansal, “Coordination Chemistry”, Campus Books International, New Dehli, 2003.
CHM-5617 Inorganic Chemistry Lab–II 1(0,1)
1. Complexometric Titrations
i) Estimation of Mg+2 and Zn+2 with EDTA (direct Titration).
ii) Estimation of Ni+2 with EDTA (Back Titration).
iii) Estimation of Ca+2 and Zn+2 in a Mixture (Masking).
iv) Estimation of Cd+2 and Zn+2 in a Mixture (Demasking)
v) Estimation of SO4-2 and PO4-2 with EDTA (Indirect Titration)
2. Redox Titrations -2 -3
i) Use of Cerric Sulphate solution for the estimation of Iron in an Iron ore.
ii) Use of potassium Iodate for the determination of the following;
(a) Copper (b) H2O2
Suggested Readings
1. Bassett J., “Vogel’s text books of quantitative analysis”, 4th Ed., Longman Group Limited, 1978
CHM-6716 Chemical Crystallography 3(3,0)
Structures and energetic of metallic and ionic solids, Packing of solid, polymorphism, alloys and inter-
metallic compounds, lattice energy. Born-Haber cycle, application of lattice energy, defect in solid state,
Symmetry, unit cells, crystal systems, lattice lattice point and space group X-rays, production and
diffraction, Bragg’s equation, diffractional data collection, data reduction. Application of XRD
method towards structure elucidation (including geometry and other parameters) of crystalline solids.
Suggested Readings
1. Ladd M. F.C. and Paman R.A., “Structure Determination by X-ray Crystallography”, 1st Ed.,
Plenum Press, New York, 1977.
2. Cullity B.D., “Elements of X-ray Diffraction”, 2nd Ed., Addison–Wesley Publishing Company, Ind.,
1978.
3. Woolfson M. M., “An Introduction to X-ray Crystallography”, Cambridge University Press. UK, 1970.
4. West A.R., “Solid state chemistry and its application”, John. Wiley.
5 . Rodgers G.E., “Introduction to coordination, solid state and descriptive Inorganic chemistry”,
Mcgraw Hills, 1994.
CHM-6717 Environmental Chemistry 3(3,0)
The human environment, the litho, bio and hydrospheres, the nature and composition of natural waters,
water pollution, chemistry of soil, composition of the atmosphere, oxides of carbon, sulphur and nitrogen
in air pollution, atomospheric monitoring, instrumental methods of environmental chemistry.
Recommended Books

2. Manahan S.E. and Milled Grant Press, “Environmental Chemistry”, 8th Ed., CRC Press, New York,
2005.
CHM-6718 Elementary Group Theory 3(3,0)
Russel and Saunder Coupling, (J.J. coupling, L.S coupling) ground state and excited states determination.
Symmetry, symmetry elements and operations, point groups, group representations and
character table, reducible and irreducible representations, Application of group theory to valence
bond, molecular orbital, crystal field theories and IR spectra
Suggested Readings
1. Ferguson J.E., “Stereochemistry and bonding in Inorganic Chemistry”, Prentice-Hall, New Jersy,
1974
2. Vincent “Molecular Symmetry and Group Theory: A Programmed Introduction to Chemical
Applications”, London A., John Wiley and Sons, 1977.
3. Molloy K. C., “Group Theory for Chemists”, Horwood Publishing, Chichester, UK.
4. Ogden, J.S., Symmetry, “Introduction to Molecular”, Oxford Higher Eduction, 2001.
5. Drago R.S., “Physical Methods in Inorganic Chemistry”, Chapman and Hall Ltd. London.
6. Drago R.S., “Physical Methods for Chemists”, 2nd Ed., Saunders College Publishing, Mexico, New
York, 1992.
CHM-6719 Thermal Methods of Analysis 3(3,0)
Theory and instrumentation of thermogravimetry, differential thermal analysis and differential

scanning calorimeter. Quantitative interpretation of TGA, DTA and DSC curves, Applications of DTA,
TGA in cement, catalysts, clays, minerals
Suggested Readings
1. James D.W., “Thermal Methods, Analytical Chemistry by open learning”, John Wiley and Sons,
1987.
2. Hatakeyama T and Quinn F. X., “Thermal Analysis, Fundamentals and Applications to Polymer
Science” 2nd Ed., John Wiley and Sons, 1999.
CHM-6720 Advanced Coordination Chemistry 3(3,0)

Important concepts of complex chemistry (EAN rule, electroneutrality principle, isoelectronic principle).
Crystal field effects in various environments, pairing energies, evidence for crystal field stabilization,
octahedral VS tetrahedral co-ordination, tetragonal distortion for octahedral symmetry, square
planner coordination, ligand field theory, metal-metal bonding, metal clusters with pi-acceptor ligands.
Absorption spectra and magnetic properties (magnetic susceptibility, ferromagnetism,
antiferromagnetism, ferrimagnetism) of complexes. Preparation and reactions of coordination
compounds, kinetics and mechanisms of reactions of complexes, stability, factors that influence complex
stability, determination of stability constants, applications of coordination compounds in various fields.
Suggested Readings
1. Cotton F.A. and Wilkinson G., “Advanced Inorganic Chemistry”, 5th Ed., John Wiley & Sons, 1988.
2. James Huheey E., “Inorganic Chemistry, Principles of Structure and Reactivity”, 3rd Ed.,
3. Basolo F. and Johnson R., “Coordination Chemistry”, W.A. Benjamin Inc., New York, 1964.
4. Day M. C. and Selbin J., “Theoretical Inorganic Chemistry”, 2nd Ed. East-West. Press, New Dehli,
1977.
5. Miessler G. L. and Tarr D., “Inorganic Chemistry”, 3rd Ed., Pearson Education, Delhi, 2004.
CHM-6721 Introduction to Inorganic Reaction Mechanism 3(3,0)
Introduction to Kinetics, rate of reaction and rate laws, Inert and Labile Complexes, classification of
Mechanisms, Reaction Mechanisms of metal complexes e.g., substitution and oxidation-reduction
(Redox) reactions.
Suggested Readings
1. Cotton F.A. and Wilkinson G., “Advanced Inorganic Chemistry”, 5th Ed, John Wiley & Sons, New York,
1988.
2. Benson D., “Mechanisms of Inorganic Reactions in Solution”, McGraw Hill, London,
1969.
3. Atwood J.D., “Inorganic and organometallic reaction mechanism”, Brook/ Cole publishing
company, California, 1985.
CHM-6730 Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory-III 3(0,3)
i) Preparation of inorganic compounds.

ii) Conductometric titrations.
iii) Potentiometric titrations.
iv) Spectrophotometry.
v) Gravimetry.
Suggested Readings
1. Bassett J., “Vogel’s text books of quantitative analysis”, 4th Ed., Longman Group Limited, 1978.
2. Harris D.C., “Quantitative Chemical Analysis”, 5th Edition, Freeman and Company, N.Y, 1999.
3. Willard H.H., Merritt (Jr) L. L., Dean J.A., and Settle F.A., “Instrumental methods of Analysis”, 7th Ed.,
Wadsworth Publishing Co., 1988.
CHM-6816 Inorganic Chemistry in Biological Systems 3(3,0)
Essential and trace elements in biological systems, Metallobiomolecules, The classification of

biomolecules containing metal ions, Biochemistry of iron. Electron careers and metallo-enzymes, The
distribution of dioxygen carriers, Structures of oxygen binding site at Fe(II), Models of dioxygen binding,
Photosynthesis and respiration, Metal based drugs.
Suggested Readings
1. Cotton, F.A. and Wilkinson, “Advanced Inorganic Chemistry”, 5th Ed, G. John Wiley & Sons, New
York, 1988.
2. James Huheey E., “Inorganic Chemistry, Principles of Structure and Reactivity” 3rd. Ed,
3. Stake M., “Bioinorganic Chemistry”, Discovery publishing house.
CHM-6817 Instrumental Methods 3(3,0)

Methodology in spectrochemical analysis, optical components of spectrometers, spectroscopic
measurements, atomic absorption, emission ICP and fluorescence spectroscopy.
Suggested Readings
1. Daniel C. Harris, “Quantitative Chemical Analysis” 5th Ed., Freeman and Company, N.Y., 1999.
2. Ewing G.W., “Instrumental Methods of Chemical Analysis” 5th Ed., McGraw Hill Publisher, 1985.
3. Skoog D.A. and Leary J.J., “Principles of Instrumental Analysis” 4th Ed., Saunders College
Publishing, 1992.
th
4. Willard H.H., Merritt L.L. (Jr), Dean J.A., and Settle F.A., “Instrumental methods of Analysis” 7
Ed., Wadsworth Publishing Co., 1988.
5. Christian, G.D., “Analytical Chemistry”, 5th Ed., John Wiley and Sons, 1994
CHM-6818 Inorganic Polymers 3(3,0)

Introduction of polymer materials, Preparation of polyorganosiloxanes and various systems containing
P-N, S-N and transition-metal polymers, Preparation and structures of sulphanes and Borates,
Characterization of polymeric materials by using various analytical techniques, Applications.
Suggested Readings
1. Bill Meyer F., “Text Book of Polymer Science”, 3rd Ed; John Wiley &sons.
2. Joel R. Fried, “Polymer Science and Technology”, Prentice Hall, Inc., 1995.
3. Seymour R.B. and Carraher C.E., “Polymer Chemistry, an Introduction”, Jr. 4th Ed, Marke
Dekker, Inc. New York, 1981.
4. J.M.G. Cowie, Polymers Chemistry and Physics of Modern Materials, Billing & Sons Ltd. UK.
CHM-6819 Basics of Nuclear Chemistry 3(3,0)
The development of Nuclear Chemistry, Fundamental particles and nuclear structure, Radioactivity,
types of radioactive decay, half life, nuclear fusion, nuclear fission, nuclear forces, the atomic nucleus,
production of isotopes and radio-nuclides, the binding energy, exchange forces, nuclear quantum
numbers, the shell model, pairing energy, properties of nuclear radiations, Nuclear Reactions,
measurement of radioactivity, types of GM counters, Nuclear Reactors, Applications of Nuclear Isotopes
Suggested Readings
1. Choppin G.R. and Rydberg J., “Nuclear Chemistry, Theory and Applications”,
2. Friedlander G., Kewedy J.W., “Nuclear and Radiochemistry”, Macias E.S. and Miller J. M., 1989.
3. Chase G.D., “Principles of Radioisotope Methodology”,
4. Fashataziz and Rodges M.A.J., “Radiation Chemistry, Principles and Applications”
5. Kaplan Oxford “Nuclear Physics”, New Dehli. 1954.
6. Gilreath E.S., “Fundamental concepts of Inorganic Chemistry”. McGraw Hill, 1958.
CHM-6820 Industrial Chemistry 3(3,0)
Basic data for the development of the industrial unit e.g. basic chemical data, chemical control, raw
materials etc, Chemical processes i.e. unit operations, unit process, Chemistry and technology of
industries like water conditioning, cement, glass, ceramic, chloralkali, leather, fertilizers, sugar and
starch, steel , petroleum, oil, fats and waxes, soap and detergent , pulp and paper etc
Suggested Readings
1. Austin G.T., “Chemical Process industries”, 5th Ed. Publishing by McGraw Hill, International.
2. Patry C., “Industrial Chemistry”, Oxford publishing, New Dehli, 1988.
3. Streven and Brink, “Chemical process Industries”, McGraw Hill.
4. Buchel, Moretto and Wodith, “Industrial Inorganic Chemistry”, John Wiley & Sons.
5. Weissermel and Ape, “Industrial Inorganic Chemistry”, Verlag Chemie.
6. Pandey, “Text Book of Chemical Technology, Vol. I & II”, Vikas Publishing Co, New Dehli.
7. Crogsins, “Unit Operation in Organic Synthesis”, McGraw Hill.
8. Sing A., “Industrial Chemistry, Vol. I & II”, Ahmed. Publishers. New Dehli.
CHM-6821 Organometallic Chemistry 3(3,0)
Nature of metal-carbon bond, chemistry of metal sigma, metal Pi-complexes and their nature of
bonding. Synthesis and properties of organometallic compounds (Pi-bonded olefins, cyclopentadienyl,
polyenes and acetylenes), Applications of organometallic compounds in synthetic chemistry & industry
Suggested Readings
1. Cotton G.F.A. and Wilkinson, “Advanced Inorganic Chemistry”, 5th Ed., New York, John Wiley
& Sons.
2. Huheey, J. E., “Inorganic Chemistry, Principles of Structure and Reactivity”, 3rd. Ed,
3. Yamamoto A., “Organotransition Metal Chemistry” A. Wiley Intersience Publication,
London, 1986.
4. Crabtree R.H., “The organometallic chemistry of the Transition Metals”, John Wiley &
sons.
CHM-6822 Advanced Inorganic Chemistry-III 3(3,0)
1. Non-Aqueous Solvents
Introduction, Classification of solvents, Types of reactions in solvents, Effect of Physical
and Chemical properties of solvents, Study of reactions in liq. NH3, liq SO2 liq HF, liq H2SO4
and liq BF3, Reactions in molten salt systems.
2. Organic Reagents Used In Inorganic Analysis
Typical reagents used, their classification and specific nature, methods of application with
specific examples, complexometric titration involving the use of EDTA and other chelating
agents
Suggested Readings
1. Holzbecher Z., “Hand Book of organic reagents in Inorganic Analysis”, Ellis Harwood Limited,
London, 1976.
2. Sisler, London H. H., “Chemistry in Non-Aqueous Solvents’, Chapman and Hall, 1961.
3. Gilreath E. S., “Fundamental concepts of Inorganic Chemistry”, McGraw Hill, 1958.
CHM-6823 Introduction to Computational Chemistry 3(3,0)
Introduction to computational chemistry. Introduction to Molecular Mechanics, Hartree-Fock theory

and semi-empirical methods. Density functional theory (DFT), basis sets, geometry optimization and
molecular property calculations.
Recommended Books
1. F. Jensen, Introduction to Computational Chemistry, (Wiley, New York, 1999).

2. D. A. McQuarrie, Quantum Chemistry (University Science Books, Mill Valley, CA,
1983).
64
Biochemistry Section
Courses for Semester-IV
CHM-4418 Biochemistry 4(3,1)

General introduction, importance, scope and applications of biochemistry, disciplines related to
biochemistry. Forms, functions and brief classification of prokaryotes. Cellular architecture and diversity
of eukaryotes. Cell membrane, its structure and importance. Structure, Function and chemical nature of
biomolecules including carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids. Major body fluids including
blood, urine, cerebrospinal fluid, interstitial fluid and vitreous humor of the eye. Structure, Physical
properties and importance of water for living organisms. Intracellular and extracellular electrolytes. The
role of diffusion, osmosis and osmotic pressure in biological systems. Weak interactions in the aqueous
systems, Hydrogen ion concentration, ionic product of water, weak acids and bases, the relation
between pH and pKa, Buffers, buffering against pH change in biological systems, Henderson Hasselbach
equation
Body fluids as electrolytes solutions, buffering capacity of amino acids, regulation of acid-base balance,
hemoglobin as an acid base system, renal control of acid base balance, variation of Na +, K+, Cl-, in acid
base disturbances. acidosis, alkalosis, homeostasis.
Practicals
1. General laboratory instructions.

2. Collection of blood samples, usage of anticoagulants, cleanliness of glassware.
3. Separation of serum and plasma from blood sample.
4. Determination of chloride in biological fluids.
5. Determination calcium in biological fluids.
6. Estimation of Na/K ions from biological fluids.
7. Determination of pH using indicators.
8. The care and use of pH meter.
9. Preparation of buffers used in biochemical experiments at different pH.
10. Isolation and Precipitation of proteins at their isoelectric points.
Recommended Books
2. V. W. Rodwell, D. A. Bender, K. M. Botham, P. J. Kennelly, P. A. Weil, “Harper’s Illustrated
Biochemistry”,Mc Graw Hill Education, Int. Ed, 2018.
3. A. L. Lehninger, D. L. Nelson, M. M. Cox, “Principles of Biochemistry”, 3rd Ed., Worth
Publishers, New York, 2000.
65
CHM-5546 Biochemistry-I 3(3, 0)
1. Carbohydrates
Nomenclature and classification of sugars, stereoisomerism, epimerism, mutarotation. Reactions of
monosaccharides i.e. glucose fructose, galactose, mannose; disaccharides i.e. sucrose, maltose, lactose,
Polysaccharides: starch, glycogen, cellulose, inulin, dextrin, chitin, Agar, mucopolysaccharides like
hyaluronic acid, heparin, chondroitin sulphate. Biological significance of carbohydrates.
2. Lipids
Classification of lipids. General characteristics of fatty acids, nomenclature and classification of fatty
acids, Biomedical importance of fatty acids, bile acids and bile salts, triglycerides, hydrolysis of
triglycerides, characterization of fats, waxes, behavior of lipids in water. Micelle, chylomicron. plasma
lipoproteins i.e. VLDL, LDL, HDL.
3. Minerals
A discussion on the dietary requirements, metabolic involvement and physiological role of minerals.
Recommended Books
3. A. L. Lehninger, D. L. Nelson, M. M. Cox, “Principles of Biochemistry”, 3rd Ed., Worth Publishers, New
York, 2000.
CHM-5547 Biochemistry Laboratory-I 1(0,1)

1. Knowledge about material safety data sheets (MSD), disposal of chemical waste and first-aid
practices,
2. Detection of carbohydrates, monosaccharides and polysaccharides.
3. Determination of the amount of reducing sugar in the biological fluids.
4. Estimation of non-reducing sugars.
5.The identification of sugars in fruit juices using thin layer chromatography
6. Detection of lipids on the basis of physical and chemical properties.
7. Determination of sponification value of fats.
8. Determination of Iodine value of fats.
9. Determination of the acid value of fats.
10. Determination of Lactose in milk.
Recommended Books
1. S. P. Singh, Practical Mannual of Biochemistry, 7th Ed, CBS Publishers & distributors Pvt.Ltd. 2014.
66
CHM-5646 Biochemistry-II 3(3,0)
Proteins: Classification of amino acids used in protein synthesis. Non-protein amino acids. Properties of
amino acids: ampholyte and isoelectric point. General reactions of amino acids. Peptide bond formation.
Classification of proteins, sequence analysis, precipitation reaction of proteins, quantitative estimation
of proteins, different levels of protein structure.
Nucleic acids: Chemical composition, structures of bases present in nucleic acids i.e. purines and
pyrimidines, nucleotides and nucleosides, structure of DNA, base composition of DNA, types of RNA,
nucleases.
Vitamins: A discussion on the structure, dietary requirements and physiological role of vitamins.
Recommended Books
1. Lehniger, A.L, “Principles of Biochemistry”, Worth Publisher, New York, (2001).
2. Voet, D. and Voit J. G., “Biochemistry”, John Wiley & Sons, New York, (2000).
3. West, Text Book of Biochemistry”, 4th Ed., (2000).
4. Zubay, G., biochemistry, 4th Ed. Macmillan Publishing Co. (1999).
5. Wilheim R. Frisell, “Human Biochemistry”, Macmillan Publishing Co., Inc. New York (1982).
6. Guyoton AC and Hall JE. “Text Book of Medical Physiology”, 9th Ed, W. B. Sauders Company, Tokyo,
(1996).
CHM-5647 Biochemistry Laboratory-II 1(0,1)
1. Qualitative tests for proteins and amino acids.

2. Collection and preparation of blood specimen.
3. Estimation of proteins by Kjeldahl method.
4. Determination of crude fats by Soxhlet apparatus.
5. Determination of hemoglobin in the fluids.
6. Estimation of ascorbic acid in the given sample.
7. Determination of total acidity in the given sample.
8. Separation of amino acids by chromatography.
Recommended Books
1. D. T. Plummer, “An Introduction to Practical Biochemistry”, Tata Mc Graw-Hill Publishing company

Ltd., New Delhi, 1988.
2. K. K. Pillai, J. S. Qadry, “Biochemistry and Clinical Pathology” CBS Publishers & Distributors, 1996.
3. S. P. Dandekar, S. A. Rane, “Practical and viva in Medical Biochemistry”, Reed Elsevier India Private
Ltd., 2004.
67
CHM-6746 Basic concepts of Recombinant DNA Technology (3 Credits)
Introduction to genetic engineering; Basic techniques in genetic engineering; DNA amplification by PCR;
Gene library; site-directed mutagenesis and protein engineering;
Manipulation of gene expression in host cell; Human genome project.
Books Recommended:
1. Advances in Molecular Biology Rajender Singh ALP Books, 2009

2. Tom Strachan and Andrew Read (2010) Human Molecular Genetics. 4th edition
3. Molecular Cell Biology Lodish, Harvey; Berk, Arnold; Zipursky, S. Lawrence; Matsudaira, Paul;
Baltimore, David; Darnell, James E. New York: W. H. Freeman & Co.; 2007
CHM-6747 Metabolism (3 Credits)
Introduction to metabolism, metabolic pathways, organic reaction mechanisms, thermodynamics of

organic compounds, oxidation reduction reactions.
Carbohydrates Metabolism: Digestion and absorption of carbohydrates;Glucose metabolism;Glycolysis,
citric acid cycle, hexose monophosphate shunt, uronic acid pathway, glycogenesis, glycogenolysis,
gluconeogenesis, Regulation of carbohydrate metabolism.
Proteins Metabolism: Digestion of proteins; transamination, deamination, Decarboxylation, Creatine,
Creatinine metabolism. Oxidation and synthesis of amino acids, urea cycle. Metabolic disorders.
Lipids Metabolism: Synthesis and B-oxidation fatty acids. Metabolism of triglycerides, ketone bodies.
Metabolism of cholesterol. Adipose tissue metabolism,
Nucleic acid Metabolism: Biosynthesis of purines; uric acid; gout; De novo synthesis of pyrimidines.
Recommended Books
2. John E. Hall, Textbook of Medical Physiology, 13th Ed. Elsevier, 2017.
CHM-6748 Immunology (3 Credits)

Specific and non-specific line of defense systems; immunity, inflammation, phagocytosis, kinds of
immunity. Antigen and immunogen, features of antigenicity, chemical basis of antigenic specificity.
Antibody, composition of blood, plasma and serum. Nature of antibody. Types of antibodies,
monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies. Antigen-antibody reaction. Chemistry of Immunoglobulin.
Immune system and its abnormalities, complement system, leukocytes: neutrophils, eosinophils,
basophils and macrophages. ABO blood grouping, Rh-factor, concept of vaccines.
68
Recommended Books
1. E. Benjamini, R. Coico, G. Sunshine, “Immunology: A short course”, 4th Ed., Wiley- Liss Inc.,
Canada, 2000.
2. J. G Cappuccino, N. Sherman, “Microbiology: A laboratory manual”, 4th Ed., Benjamin/
Cummings Publishing Co., N. Y., 1996.
3. J. Kurby, “Immunology”, 2nd Ed., W. H. Freeman and Co., N. Y., 1994.
4. I. Riott, J. Brostoff, D. Male, “Immunology”, 3rd Ed., Mosby-Year Book, Europe Ltd., London,
1993.
CHM-6749 Body organs’ structure and physiology 3(3,0)
Structure and function of liver, lungs, pancreas, kidney, heart, skeletal muscles and adipose tissues.
Blood and other body fluids. General composition of blood, function of blood, blood plasma, plasma
protein, composition and functions. Composition, development and functions of red blood cells, white
blood cells and platelets. Hemoglobin, chemistry, properties, synthesis, functions and derivatives.
Coagulation and clotting of blood. Blood pressure. Blood groups. Composition of urine, extra cellular
fluids like cerebrospinal fluid.
Recommended Books
2. M. Gerhard, W. H. Sinnons, “Principles of Medical Biochemistry”, 2nd Ed., Mosby, N. Y., 2006.
3. R. R. Seeley, D. Trent, “Anatomy and Physiology”,4th Ed., Mosby-Year Book, Inc., USA., 1998.
4. J. W. Hole, “Essential of Human Anatomy Physiology”, 4th Ed., Collin. H. Wheatley. Win. C. Brown
Publishers, USA., 1992.
5. Hoffbrand, “Essential Haematology” 5th Ed., 2006.
6. Ersalovic, “Therapeutic Microbiology: Probiotics and Related Strategies”, 2008.
CHM-6750 Hematology (3 Credits)
Basic examination of blood and bone marrow. Red blood cells: Production and destruction. Formation of
hemoglobin, Iron metabolism. The anemias, polycythemia, effect of anemia and polycythemia on
circulatory system. Leukocytes and their types, ABO blood groups, Transfusion, Homeostasis, Events in
homeostasis, Mechanism of Blood Coagulation, Conditions that cause excessive bleeding in human
beings. Thromboembolic conditions in human being, anticoagulants for clinical use, blood coagulation
tests.
Recommended Books
1. Hoffbrand, “Essential Haematology” 5th Ed., 2006.

2. Ersalovic, “Therapeutic Microbiology: Probiotics and Related Strategies”, 2008.
4. A. Richard, Mc Pherson, R. Mathew, “Clinical Diagnosis and Management by Laboratory Method”,
21st Ed., Elsevier New Delhi, 2007.
69
CHM-6751 Molecular Biology (3 Credits)
DNA as genetic material, gene, replication in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. DNA sequencing, chemical
synthesis of polynucleotides. DNA repair and recombination, mutations. Central dogma of molecular
biology. Different types of RNA and their role in protein synthesis. Transcription and its regulation. Lac-
operon model, genetic code, posttranscriptional processing, structure of transfer RNA. Protein
synthesis. Posttranslational modification. Plasmids, vector and cosmids. In virto mutagenesis: deletion,
insertion and substitution and genetic diseases.
Recommended Books
Griffiths, J. F. Anthony. et. al ., “ Modern genetic analysis: integrating genes and genomes”, 2nd
Ed., W. H. freeman, New York, 2002.
1. G. Karp, “Cell and Molecular Biology: Concepts & Experiments”, 3rd Ed., John Willey Sons, Inc.,
N.Y., 2002.
2. F. Weaver, F. Robert F, “Molecular biology”, Mc Graw-Hill, Boston, 1999.
3. Garrett, H. Reginald, M. Charles, “Molecular aspects of cell biology”, Saunders College
Publishing, Fort Worth, 1995.
4. T. Strachen, A. P. Read, “Human Molecular Genetics”, 2nd Ed., BIOS Scientific Publications Ltd.,
2000.
CHM-6752 Applied Microbiology (3 Credits)
Introduction to microbiology, introduction to bacteria, fungi, viruses, protozoa and algae. Cultivation
and growth of bacteria and microorganisms used in industry, Fermentation, commercial production of
alcohol, lactic acid and citric acid.
Recommended Books
1. Slonczewski, “Microbiology: An Evolving Science”, 2008.

2. Versalovic , “Therapeutic Microbiology: Probiotics and Related Strategies”, 2008.
CHM-6753 Enzymology (3 Credits)
Introduction and basic concepts of enzymology, chemical nature, nomenclature and classification of
enzymes, cofactors, effect of different factors on enzyme activity. Kinetic of single substrate and
bisubstrate reaction, Michaelis-Menten equation. Substrate specificity. Mechanism of the enzyme
action Ping pong mechanism. Enzyme inhibition. Competitive, uncompetitive and non competitive
inhibition. Enzyme applications in medicine and industry, biotechnological applications of enzymes,
immobilization of enzymes, immobilization techniques, mode of reaction, factors affecting
immobilization, Isoenzymes; structure, formation, identification, functional significance of isoenzymes.
Regulatory enzymes. Allosteric enzymes. Multienzyme systems. Zymogens. Immobilized enzymes.
70
Recommended Books
2. A. L. Lehninger, D. L. Nelson, M. M. Cox, “Principles of Biochemistry”, 3rd Ed., Worth Publishers,
New York, 2000.
3. G. Zubay, “Biochemistry”, W. C. B. Publishers, Toronto, 1998.
CHM-6754 Bio-Safety & Ethics 3(3,0)

Lab safety, management and handling of hazardous materials and human protection. Biomedical
research and bioethics in health policy. Ethical considerations. The uses and abuses of animal research.
Safety and benefits of genetic testing, experimentation on human embryos and stem cell research.
Genetically modified organisms and foods and their safety. Indigenous knowledge and patenting,
commercialization and benefit sharing. national and international bioethics. Regulation of biotechnology
for benefit sharing.
Books Recommended:
1. Cross-Cultural Biotechnology (2004) by M. Chalmer, et al Rowma & Little field Pulishers.
2. Gene Flow from GM Plants. (2005) by G.M. Poppy & M. J. Wilkinson (Editors) Wiley Blackwell
Publications.
3. Cell and Molecular Biology: Concepts and Experiments (2008) by G. Karp John Wiley &Sons. Bioethics
Yearbook Series
CHM-6760 Biochemistry Lab-III 3(0,3)
1. Laboratory safety measures.

2. Estimation of chloride content in urine sample
3. Estimation of creatine and creatinine in serum/ Urine.
4. Determination of reducing sugars of a biological sample by using 3, 5-Dinitrosalicylic acid
5. Estimation of blood urea.
6. Estimation of serum uric acid.
7. Estimation of serum total proteins and albumin/globulin ratio.
8. Determination of serum bilirubin.
9. Determination of oils and fats using soxhlet apparatus.
10. Isolation of proteins using precipitation reactions.
11. Isolation of cholesterol from brain.
12. Estimation of cholesterol from blood.
13. Estimation of serum calciumS. P. Dandekar, S. A. Rane, “Practical and viva in Medical Biochemistry”,
Reed Elsevier India Private Ltd., 2004.
71
CHM-6846 Introduction to Biotechnology 3(3,0)

Concept of biotechnology and genetic engineering; conventional and modern biotechnology;
biotransformations; fermentation; cloning vectors: plasmids, cosmids, bateriophage, plant cloning
vectors, mammalian cell vectors; recombinant DNA technology: first recombinant DNA experiment, first
DNA cloning experiment; constructing and screening of a DNA library; reporter genes; southern blot;
protein gel electrophoresis; Applications of recombinant DNA technology. Commercialization of
microorganisms; products from microorganisms; microorganisms and agriculture: ice-nucleating
bacteria, microbial pesticides: bacillus thuringiensis, baculovirusis. Bioremediation: oil spills, waste
water treatment, chemical degradation; plant tissue culture and applications; plant transformation and
Agrobactrium tumefacions; gene transfer methods in animals: microinjection, embryonic stem cell gene
transfer, retrovirus and gene transfer; transgenic animals and their applications; gene therapy; stem cell;
vaccines; Xenotransplantation.
Recommended Books
1. J. M. Walker, E. B. Gingold, “Molecular Biology and Biotechnology”, Royl society of Chemistry,

London, 1993.
2. R. W. Old, S. B. Primrose, “Principles of gene manipulations”, Blackwell Science, England, 1994.
CHM-6847 Protein Chemistry 3(3,0)

Protein structure (primary, secondary, tertiary), protein folding, protein purification, peptide mapping,
protein cleavage, protein sequencing, structure and functions of Motifs identified in transcription
factors, DNA protein interaction, Protein-protein interaction, protein engineering, structure of receptors
and adaptor proteins involved in apoptosis, structure of receptors and other proteins involved in
immune systems.
Recommended Books
1. J. M. Berg, J. L. Tymczko, L. Stryer, “Biochemistry”, 6th Ed., W. H. Freeman & Co. Ltd., 2006.
2. C. Branden, E. J. Tooze, “Introduction to Protein Structure”, 2nd Ed., Garland Publishing Inc., N. Y.,
1999.
3. E. Buxbaum , “Fundamentals of Protein Structure and Function”.1st Ed., 2007.
4. J. Kyte, “Structure in Protein Chemistry”, 2nd Ed., Garland Science, 2006.
CHM-6848 Clinical Biochemistry 3(3,0)

Biochemistry of blood, biochemical aspect of cardiovascular, neurological and endocrine disorders; in
born errors of metabolism, immunology of human diseases, immunodiagnostics, biochemical aspects of
cancer, etiology, clinical diagnosis and treatment, interferon discovery and implications, infection and
antibacterial agents, diseases due to infection and infestation, diseases due to chemical and physical
agents, genetic and constitutional factors in diseases of organs.
72
Recommended Books
1. G. J. Beckett, S. W. Walker, P. Rae, P. Ashby, “Lecture Notes: Clinical Biochemistry”, 7th Ed., Wiley
Blackwell, 2005.
2. A. T. Cameron, “A course in Practical Biochemistry- For Students of Medicine”, Cameron Press, 2007.
3. A Graw, R. Cowan, D. O. Reilly, M. Stewart, J. Shepherd, “Clinical Biochemistry: An Illustrated Colour
Text”, 3rd Ed., Churchill Livingstone, 2004.
CHM-6849 Clinical Pharmacology 3(3,0)
Pharmacology: Introduction, General Principles. Purpose of drug therapy. Drug distribution in body.
Factors affecting on drug distribution. Drug absorption, Factors affecting on drug absorption,. Drug
elimination. Concept of half life. Agonists and Antagonists. Drug potency. Drug metabolism. Toxicology:
Mode of action.
Recommended Books
1. M. D. Michael Cowely, “International Pharmacology; The Basis”.

2. H. Kappeler, D. Pharm, “General Principlesof Pharmacology”, 2002.
CHM-6850 Cell Biology 3(3,0)
Introduction to cell theory and structure, chemical composition of cell organelles, their structure and
functions. Nucleus: structure and function; chromosomes, gene, the cell cycle, mitosis, meiosis and
cytokinesis. Transportation through plasma membrane, glucose transport channels; mitochondrial
structure and function. Chloroplast structure and function; Biosignaling and cell signal transduction. Cell-
cell communications.
Recommended Books
1. Alberts, “ Essential Cell Biology”, 3rd Ed., 2010.

2. B. Alberts, A. Johnson, J. Lewis, M. Raff, K. Roberts, P. Walter, “Molecular Biology of the Cell”, 5th Ed.,
Garland Sciences, Taylor and Francis, 2008.
3.H. Lodish, A. Berk, L. Zipursky, P. Matsudaira, D. Baltimore, J. Darnell, “.Molecular Cell Biology”, 4th Ed.,
W.H. Freeman, 2000.
4. G. Karp John, “Cell and Molecular Biology: Concepts and Experiments”, Wiley & Sons, 2008.
CHM-6851 Nucleic Acids 3(3,0)
Chromosomal and extra-chromosomal DNA, flow of genetic information, organization of nuclear and
mitochondrial genomes, gene structure, RNA splicing, pseudogenes, classes of mutations, repetitive
DNA sequences, transposones, gene expression, cloning of genes, mapping genes on chromosomes,
transcript mapping, mutation identification, gene structure and functions.
73
Recommended books
1.Garrett, H. Reginald, Grisham, M. Charles, “Molecular aspects of cell biology”, Saunders College
Publishing, Fort Worth, 1995.
2.T. Strachen, A. P. Read, “Human Molecular Genetics”, 2nd Ed., BIOS Scientific Publications Ltd., 2000.
3.G. Karp, “Cell and Molecular Biology: Concepts & Experiments”, 3rd Ed., John Wiley Sons, Inc., N.Y.,
2002.
4.J. Darnell, H. Lodish, D. Balimore, “Molecular Cell Biology”, Scientific American Inc., N.Y., 2004.
5.Malacinski, M. George, “Essential of Molecular Biology”, 4th Ed., Jones and Bartlett publishers,
Boston, 2003.
CHM-6852 Bioenergetics 3(3,0)
Basic thermodynamics, Concepts of energy and free Energy, Enthalpy, Entropy and their relations.
Endothermic and exothermic reactions. Biological oxidation and reduction. High energy compounds and
metabolism, Glycolysis, Citric acid cycle; Energetics and Regulation, Mitochondrial anatomy,
Mitochondrial transport system. Substrate level phosphorylation, oxidative and photo
phosphorylation. Self-regulation of energy production. sequence and different complexes involved in
electron transport, Theories about ATP synthesis, P/O ratio, Control of oxidative phosphorylation,
Physiological implications of Aerobic Metabolism.
Recommended Books
1.D. Voet, J. G. Voet, C. W. Pratt, “Biochemistry”, John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1999.
2.L. Stryer, “Biochemistry” 5th Ed., W. H. Freeman & Co., 2002.
CHM-6853 Nutritional Biochemistry 3(3,0)
Body composition, functions of proteins, fats, carbohydrates, vitamins, minerals, water and their
requirements. Digestion, absorption and excretion of nutrients functions of liver energy metabolism.
Nutrients and energy needs. Factors affecting total energy requirement. Energy balance, calculating
energy from foods and energy allowances, balanced diet. Sources of water and water loss from body,
water balance and daily allowances. Dietary fiber, composition, characteristics, functions, digestion and
daily requirements. Role of nutrition in growth, development, disease and dental health. Nutritional
disorder. Strategies for improving nutritional well being. The aging process. Guide for eating.
Recommended Books

2. Wardlaw, Insel, “perspectives in nutrition”, Mosby, New York, 1999.
74
CHM-6854 Endocrinology 3(3,0)
Introduction to endocrinology. Endocrine glands. Nature of hormones, chemistry storage secretion of

endocrine hormones. Hormone receptors and their activation. Mechanisms of hormonal action.
Chemistry, concentration in blood, metabolism, mechanism of action, biological roles and disorders
related to important endocrine hormones including pituitary hormones, thyroid and parathyroid
hormones, adrenocortical hormones, insulin, glucagon, epinephrine and nor-epinephrine.
Recommended Books
CHM-6855 Industrial Biochemistry 3(3,0)
Extraction of oil from oil seeds, purification refining of oils. Preparation of soap and detergents, effect of
acidic species and hard water on soap. Manufacturing of sugar from different sources. Preparation of
jams, jellies and chocolates. Manufacture of starch from Rice, corn, potato, wheat and its industrial
applications. Fermentation and its applications. Production of antibiotics, acetic acid, citric acid and
ethanol by microorganisms.
Books Recommended
1. Shreve’s chemical process industries (1998) 5th Edition by G.T. Austin Publishers:McGraw-Hill
2. Kent and Riegel’s Hand Book of Industrial Chemistry and Biotechnology (2007) 11th Edition by J.A.
Kent. Springer.
3. Introduction to Cane Sugar Technology. by G.H. Jenkins Elsevier
4. Comprehensive Biotechnology (1985) Edited by M. Moo-Yong & C.L. Coooney, Pergamon Press,
Item 2: Approval of exit program as Associate Degree for BS students

Those students that can not continue their BS after 4 semesters, if they wanna exit program, they may
avail the option to exit BS program and to get Associate Degree.
75

Agenda File of BOS (Chemistry) Combined 2019

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Agenda File of BOS (Chemistry) Combined 2019

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14th Meeting of Board of Studies (BOS)

September 20, 2019

Semester VI (Junior-II) Credits = 16

Semester VII (Senior-I) Credits = 15

Semester VIII (Senior-II) Credits = 18

Basic Concepts in Organic Chemistry

Nomenclature of Organic Compounds

3. Multicellular and Tissue Levels of Organization

Some Lesser-Known Invertebrates;

Course Contents of Courses for BS Chemistry (4-Year Program)

ENG-3202 COMMUNICATION SKILLS 3(3+0)

Course Contents of Courses for BS Chemistry (4-Year Program)

1. Bockris R., McMillan, “Environmental Chemistry”, USA, 1995.

CHM-3111 Organic Chemistry 4(3, 1)

Course detail is presented in the relevant section

Courses for Semester-II

CHM-3212 Inorganic Chemistry 4(3, 1)

Course detail is presented in the relevant section

Courses for Semester-III

CHM-4314 Physical Chemistry 4(3, 1)

Course detail is presented in the relevant section

CHM-4317 Analytical Chemistry 3(3, 0)

Courses for Semester-IV

CHM-4418 Biochemistry 4(3, 1)

Course detail is presented in the relevant section

CHM-4416 Introduction to Environmental Chemistry 2(2, 0)

Courses for Semester V-VIII

Course detail is presented in the relevant section

Courses for Semester-VII

CHM-6794 Spectroscopy 3(3,0)

Courses for Semester-VIII

CHM-6894 Instrumental/ Analytical Techniques 3(3,0)

CHM-6898 Advanced Practicals in Chemistry 3(0,3)

CHM-6899 Thesis 6(0,6)

CHM-4314 Physical Chemistry 4(3,1)

1. Physical States of Matter

Courses for Semester-V

CHM-5501 Physical Chemistry-I 3(3,0)

CHM-5502 Physical Chemistry Lab-I 1(0,1)

1. Refractive index of the given liquid and its molecular refractivity.

8. A kinetic study of acid hydrolysis of ethyl acetate.

CHM-5601 Physical Chemistry-II 3(3,0)

CHM-5602 Physical Chemistry Lab-II 1(0,1)

1. Determine the pH of a given solution by buffer solution method.

Courses for Semester-VII

CHM-6701 Chemical Kinetics 3(3,0)

CHM-6702 Surface Chemistry 3(3,0)

CHM-6703 Photochemistry 3(3, 0)

Kinds of chemical reactions, demonstration of photochemical reactions, characteristic of photochemical

CHM-6704 Molecular Spectroscopy 3(3, 0)

Spectroscopy, electromagnetic radiations, classification of spectroscopy, electromagnetic spectrum,

1. Barrow, G.M. Mc Graw-Hill, “Introduction to Molecular Spectroscopy” Auckland, Singapore,

CHM-6706 Solution Chemistry 3(3, 0)

CHM-6707 Statistical Mechanics 3(3,0)

CHM-6708 Nanochemistry 3(3,0)

CHM-6715 Physical Chemistry Lab- III 3(0, 3)

Courses for Semester-VIII

CHM-6801 Quantum Mechanics 3(3, 0)

CHM-6802 Colloids and Surfactants 3(3,0)

CHM- 6803 Electrochemistry 3(3,0)

CHM-6804 Nuclear and Radiation Chemistry 3(3, 0)

CHM-6805 Chemical Thermodynamics 3(3, 0)

Catalysis, criteria of catalysis or characteristics of catalytic reactions, types of catalysis, promoters,