First Year Maths - IB

1. LO CUS
DEFINITIONS,CONCEPTS AND FORMULAE 2. Find the equation of locus of a point P, the
square of whose distance from the origin is
1. The set of all points satisfying a given condition 4 times its y coordinate.
is called a LOCUS. Sol: Let P(x1, y1) be any point on the locus.
Given point is O(0,0)
2.  a  b   a 2  2 ab  b 2
2
Given condition : OP2 = 4y1
(x1 - 0)2 + (y1 - 0)2 = 4y1
3.  a  b   a  2 ab  b
2 2 2
x12 + y12 - 4y1 = 0
Required equation of the locus is x2 + y2 - 4y = 0.
4. a 2  b 2   a  b  a  b 
5. Distance between two points A(x1,y1) and B(x2,y2) 3. Find the equation of locus of a point which is
at a distance 5units from (-2, 3), in the XOY plane.
 x1  x2   y1  y2 
2 2
is AB = Sol: Let P (x1, y1) be any point on the locus.
Given point is A (- 2, 3)
Given geometric condition is PA = 5
1 x1 x 2 x3 x1
6. Area of PAB = 2 y y squaring on both sides
1 2 y3 y1
 x1 + 2 +  y1 - 3 
2 2
7. The Ends of Hypotenuse of a Right angle Triangle = 52
are A(x1,y1) and B(x2,y2) is PA2 + PB2 = AB2 x12 + 4x1 + 4 + y12 - 6y1 + 9 = 25.
x12 + y12 + 4x1 - 6y1 - 12 = 0
8. The Distance of P to the Points A(x1,y1) and B(x2,y2)  Required equation of locus is
are in the Ratio m : n then PA : PB = m : n x2 + y2 + 4x - 6y - 12 = 0.
9. If the Distance of P to the Points A(x 1,y1) and
the Distance of P to the Points B(x2,y2) is twice 4. Find equation of locus of point ‘P’ whichis
then PA = 2PB. equidistant from the points A(-3, 2) and B (0, 4).

10. The Sum of the Distance from A(x1,y1) and B(x2,y2) Sol: Let P(x1, y1) be any point on the locus.
is z units then PA + PB = z Given points are A(-3, 2), B(0, 4).
11. The Diffrence of the Distance from A(x1,y1) and Given condition : PA = PB
B(x2,y2) is z units then PA - PB = z
Squaring on both sides,

LEVEL - I (SAQ) PA2 = PB2

1. Find the equation of locus of a point (x1 + 3)2 + (y1 - 2)2 = (x1- 0)2 + (y1 - 4)2
equidistant from A(2, 0) and the Y - axis.
x12 + 9 + 6x1 + y12 + 4 - 4y1= x12 + y12 + 16 - 8y1
Sol: Let P (x1, y1) be any point on the locus.
Given point is A (2, 0). 6x1 + 4y1 - 3 = 0
Distance from P to Y - axis = x1 .  Required equation of locus is 6x + 4y - 3 = 0.
Given condition : PA = x1
5. Find the equation of the locus of point ‘P’ such
squaring on both sides that the distance of P from the origin is twice
the distance of P from A (1, 2).
 x1- 2  +  y1 - 0  =  x1 
2 2 2

Sol: Let P(x1, y1) be any point on the locus.

x12 - 4x1 + 4 + y12 = x12
y12 - 4x1 + 4 = 0 Given points are O(0, 0), A(1, 2).
 Required equation of the locus is y2 - 4x + 4 = 0.
Given condition : OP = 2PA
Squaring on both sides,
OP2 = 4PA2

LOCUS :1:
 First Year Maths - IB

 (x1 - 0) + (y 1 - 0) = 4 (x1 - 1) + (y1 - 2)  - 6x1 + 2y1 + 18 = 8x1 - 12y1 + 26

2 2 2 2

14x1 - 14y1 + 8 2

x12 + y12 = 4[x12 - 2x1 + 1 + y12 - 4y1 + 4]
7x1 - 7y1 + 4 = 0
3x12 + 3y12 - 8x1 - 16y1 + 20 = 0.
 Required equation of locus is 7x - 7y + 4 = 0.
 Required equation of locus is
8. Find the equation of the locus of a point P
3x2 + 3y2 - 8x - 16y + 20 = 0.
such that PA2 + PB2 = 2c2, where A = (a, 0),
5.(a) Find the equation of the locus of point ‘P’
such that the distance of P from the A (3, 0) B = (- a, 0) and 0 < a < c .
is twice the distance of P from B (- 3, 0). Sol: Let P (x1, y1) be any point on the locus.
6. If the distance from P to the points (2, 3) and Given two points are A = (a, 0), B = (- a, 0)
(2, -3) are in the ratio 2 : 3, then find the Given condition : PA2 + PB2 = 2c2
equation of locus of P. (x1 - a)2 + (y1 - 0)2 + (x1 + a)2 + (y1 - 0)2 = 2c2
Sol: Let P(x1, y1) be any point on the locus. x12 - 2ax1 + a2 + y12 + x12 + 2ax1 + a2 + y12 = 2c2
Given two points are A(2, 3), B(2, -3). 2x12 + 2y12 = 2c2 - 2a2 2
Given geometric property: PA : PB = 2 : 3. x1 + y1 = c - a
2 2 2 2

PA 2  Required equation of locus is x2 + y2 = c2 - a2..

=
PB 3 9. Find the equation of locus of P, if the line
3PA = 2PB segment joining (2,3), (-1,5) subtends a right
Squaring on both sides angle at P.
9 PA2 = 4 PB2 Sol: Let P(x1, y1) be any point on the locus.
9[x1 - 4x1 + 4 + y12 - 6y1 + 9]
2

= 4[x12 - 4x1 + 4 + y12 + 6y1 + 9] Given two points are A(2, 3), B(-1, 5).
9x12 - 36x1 + 36 + 9y12 - 54y1+ 81 Given condition: APB = 900.
= 4x12 - 16x1 + 16 + 4y12 + 24y1 + 36 PA2 + PB2 = AB2
 5x1 + 5y1 - 20x1 - 78y1 + 65 = 0
2 2
(x1 - 2)2 + (y1- 3)2 + (x1 +1)2 + (y1 - 5)2 = 9 + 4
 Required equation of locus is x12 + 4 - 4x1 + y12 + 9 - 6y1 + x12 + 1 + 2x1
5x2 + 5y2 - 20x - 78y + 65 = 0.
6(a). Find the equation of locus of P, if the ratio + y12 +25 - 10y1 = 9 + 4
of the distances from P to A(5, - 4) and 2x12 + 2y12 - 2x1 - 16y1 + 26 = 0 2
B(7, 6) is 2 : 3.
Ans: 5x2 + 5y2 - 34x + 120y + 29 = 0. x12 + y12 - x1 - 8y1 + 13 = 0.

7. A(1, 2), B(2, -3) and C(-2, 3) are three points.  Required equation of locus x2 + y2 - x - 8y + 13 = 0.
A point P moves such that PA2 + PB2 = 2PC2. 10. The ends of the hypotenuse of a right angled
Show that the equation to the locus of P is triangle are (0, 6) and (6, 0). Find the equation
7x - 7y + 4 = 0. of locus of its third vertex.
Sol: Let P(x1, y1) be any point on the locus. Sol:Let P(x1, y1) be any point on the Locus.
Given three points are A(1, 2), B(2, -3), C(-2, 3). Given ends of the hypotenuse are A(0, 6), B(6, 0).
Given : PA2 + PB2 = 2PC2. Given condition : APB = 900.
 (x1 - 1)2 + (y1 - 2)2 + (x1- 2)2 + (y1 + 3)2 Given PA2 + PB2 = AB2
= 2[(x1 + 2)2 + (y1 - 3)2]. x12 + (y1 - 6)2 + (x1 - 6)2 + y12 = 36 + 36
 x 12 - 2x1 +1+ y 12 - 4y1 + 4 + x 12 - 4x1 + 4 + y 12 + 6y1 + 9 x12 + y12 + 36 - 12y1 + x12 + 36-12x1+y12 = 36 + 36
= 2[x 12 + 4x1 + 4 + y 12 - 6y1 + 9] 2x12+ 2y12 - 12x1 - 12y1 = 0 2
 2x1 + 2y1 - 6x1 + 2y1+ 9
2 2
x12 + y12 - 6x1 - 6y1 = 0.
= 2x12 + 8x1 + 8 + 2y12 - 12y1 + 18  Required equation of locus isx2 + y2 - 6x - 6y = 0.
LOCUS :2:
 First Year Maths - IB
10(a). Find the locus of the third vertex of a right 13. Find the equation of locus of the point, the sum
angled traingle, the ends of whose of whose distances from (0, 2) and (0, - 2)
hypotenuse are (4, 0) and (0, 4). is 6 units.
Ans : x2 + y2 - 4x - 4y = 0.
Sol: Let P(x1, y1) be any point on the locus.
11. A(5,3) and B(3, -2) are two fixed points. Find
the equation of locus of P, so that the area of Given two points are A(0, 2), B(0, -2).
triangle PAB is 9. Given Condition : PA + PB = 6.
Sol: Let P(x1, y1) be any point on the locus.
Given two points are A(5, 3), B(3, -2). PA = 6 - PB
Area of PAB = 9 Squaring on both sides,
PA2 = 36 + PB2 - 12 PB
1 x1 5 3 x1
=9.
  x 1  0  + (y 1 - 2) = 36 +   x 1  0  + (y 1 + 2)   12 PB
2 2
2 y1 3 -2 y1 2 2

1 x12 + y12 - 4y1 + 4 = 36 + x12 + y12 + 4y1 + 4 - 12 PB

|3x1 - 5y1 - 10 - 9 + 3y1 + 2x1| = 9.
2 - 4y1 - 4y1 - 36 = - 12 PB
|5x1 - 2y1 - 19| = 18 - 8y1 - 36 = - 12 PB  -4)

(
5x1 - 2y1 - 19 =  18 2y1 + 9 = 3 PB
5x1 - 2y1 - 19 = 18 5x1 - 2y1 - 19 = - 18 Again squaring on bothsides,
5x1 - 2y1 - 19 - 18 = 0 5x1 - 2y1 - 19 + 18 = 0 ( 2y1 + 9 )2 = 9 PB2

4y12 + 36y1 + 81 = 9  x1  0  + (y1 + 2) 

5x1 - 2y1 - 37 = 0 5x1 - 2y1 - 1 = 0 2 2

 Required equation of locus is

4y12 + 36y1 + 81 = 9 [ x12 + y12 + 4y1 + 4 ]
(5x - 2y - 37) (5x - 2y - 1) = 0
4y12 + 36y1 + 81 = 9x12 + 9y12 + 36y1 + 36
12. A(2, 3) and B(-3, 4) are two given points. Find
the equation of locus of P so that the area of 9x12 + 5y12 = 45  ( 45 )
the triangle PABis 8.5.
x12 y12
Sol: Let P(x1, y1) be a point on the locus. + =1
Given two points A(2, 3), B(-3, 4) 5 9
Area of PAB = 8.5.
x2 y2
 Required equation of locus is + = 1.
1 x1 2 -3 x1 5 9
= 8.5
2 y1 3 4 y1
14. Find the equation of locus of a point, the
difference of whose distances from (-5, 0) and
1
| 3x1 - 2y1 + 8 + 9 - 3y1 - 4x1 | = 8.5 (5, 0) is 8 units.
2 Sol: Given condition : |PA - PB| = 8.
PA - PB = + 8
 | - x1 - 5y1 + 17| = 17 PA = PB + 8
| - x1 - 5y1 + 17| =  17 Squaring on bothsides,
 x1 - 5y1 + 17 = 17 - x1 - 5y1 + 17 = -17. PA2 = PB2 + 64 + 16 PB
x1 + 5y1 = 0 x1 + 5y1 = 34  (x1+ 5)2 +  y1- 0 = (x1- 5)2 +  y1- 0 + 64 + 16 PB
2 2

 Required equation of locus is  x12 + 10x1 + 25 = x12 - 10x1 + 25 + 64 + 16 PB

 (x + 5y) (x + 5y - 34) = 0 20x1 - 64 = 16 PB  4
12(a). Find the equation of the locus of a point, 5x1 - 16 = 4 PB
which forms a triangle of area 2 with the Again squaring on both sides,
points A(1, 1) and B(- 2, 3).
(5x1 - 16)2 = 16 PB2
Ans : 4x2 + 12xy + 9y2 - 20x - 30y + 9 = 0.

LOCUS :3:
 First Year Maths - IB

( 2x1 + 2 )2 = PB2
25x12 - 160x1 + 256 = 16 (x1 - 5) +  y1 - 0  
2 2
4x1 + 8x1 + 4 = (x1 + 4)2 + (y1 - 0)2
2

4x12 + 8x1 + 4 = x12 + 16 + 8x1 + y12

25x12 - 160x1 + 256 = 16 [ x12 - 10x1 + 25 + y12 ]
3x12 - y12 = 12 (  12 )
25x12 - 160x1 + 256 = 16x12 - 160x1 + 400 + 16y12
x12 y12
- =1
9x1 - 16y1 = 144
2 2
 144 ) 4 12
x12 y12 x2 y2
- =1  Required equation of locus is - = 1.
16 9 4 12
x2 y2 *******
 Required equation of locus is 16 - 9 = 1 .
15. Find the equation of locus of P, if A (2, 3)
B (2, - 3) and PA + PB = 8
Sol: Let P (x1, y1) be any point on the locus.
Given points A(2, 3) B (2, - 3)
Given PA + PB = 8
PA = 8 - PB
Squaring on both sides.
PA2 = 64 + PB2 - 16 PB
(x1 - 2) + (y1 - 3)2 = 64 + (x1 - 2)2 + (y1+ 3)2 - 16 PB
2

y12 - 6y1 + 9 = 64 + y12 + 6y1 + 9 - 16 PB

- 12y1 - 64 = - 16 PB  ( - 4)
3y1 + 16 = 4 PB
Squaring on both sides
(3y1 + 16)2 = 16 PB2
Squaring on both sides
(3y1 + 16)2 = 16 [(x1- 2)2 + (y1 + 3)2 ]
9y12 + 96y1 + 256 = 16 [ x2 - 4x1 + 4 + y12 + 6y1 + 9]
9y12 + 96y1 + 256 = 16 x12 - 64x1 - 64 x1 + 64
+ 16y12 + 96y1 + 144
16x12 + 7y12 - 64x1 - 48 = 0.
 Required equation of locus is 16x2 + 7y2 - 64x - 48 = 0.

16. Find the equation of locus of P, if A ( 4, 0),

B(- 4, 0) and |PA - PB| = 4.
Sol: Let P(x1, y1) be any point on the locus.
Given two points are A(4, 0), B(-4, 0).
Given Condition : |PA - PB| = 4.
PA - PB = + 4.
PA = PB + 4.
Squaring on both sides,
PA2 = PB2 + 16 + 8 PB

(x1- 4)2 +  y1- 0  = (x1+ 4)2 +  y1- 0  + 8 PB

2 2

x12 - 8x1 + 16 = x12 + 8x1 + 16 + 16 + 8 PB

- 16x1 - 16 = 8 PB  ( - 8 )
2x1 + 2 = PB
Again squaring on both sides

LOCUS :4: