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9
SCIENCE
QUARTER 3
Week 4

CapSLET
Capsulized Self-Learning Empowerment
Toolkit

Schools Division Office of Zamboanga City

Region IX, Zamboanga Peninsula
Zamboanga City

“Unido, Junto avanza con el EduKalidad Cree, junto junto puede!”

ROXANNE B. GELANI
SST- I
SANGALI NHS
 1

SUBJECT & Science

QUARTER 3 WEEK 4 DAY ____________________________________
GRADE/LEVEL 9 dd/mm/yyyy

TOPIC Factor that affects Climate

6. Explain how each factor affects climate of an area: (S9ES-IIIF-31)
a. latitude
b. altitude and temperature:
LEARNING
c. surrounding bodies of water:
COMPETENCY
d. wind-system:
e. ocean current; and
f. topography

IMPORTANT: Do not write anything on this material. Write your answers on the Learner’s Activity and
Assessment Sheets provided separately.

UNDERSTAND
FACTORS THAT AFFECT CLIMATE

What is climate?

CLIMATE

 the average weather in a place over many years.

 refers to significant changes in global temperature,
precipitation, wind patterns and other measures of climate
that occur over several decades or longer.
 describes the long term and average weather conditions
for a specific region.

What are the FACTORS AFFECTING CLIMATE and how does it affect CLIMATE?

a. LATITUDE

 refers to the measurement of distance in north or south of

the Equator. It is measured with 180 imaginary lines that
form circles around the Earth east-west, parallel to the
Equator.

 TEMPERATURE RANGE DECREASES WITH DISTANCE

FROM THE EQUATOR. ALSO, TEMPERATURE
DECREASES AS YOU MOVE AWAY FROM THE
EQUATOR. THIS IS BECAUSE THE SUNS RAYS ARE
DISPERSED OVER A LARGER AREA OF LAND AS YOU
MOVE AWAY FROM THE EQUATOR.

ROXANNE B. GELANI
SST- I
SANGALI NHS
 2

b. ALTITUDE AND TEMPERATURE –

 refers to the height of anything above a given

planetary reference plane, especially above sea level
on earth.

 TEMPERATURE IS DIRECTLY PROPORTIONAL TO

PRESSURE. TEMPERATURE DECREASES WITH
HEIGHT. THE TEMPERATURE USUALLY
DECREASES BY 1 DEGREE CELSIUS FOR EVERY
100 METERS IN ALTITUDE.

c. DISTANCE FROM SURROUNDING BODIES OF WATER

–

 refers to the part of the earth's surface covered with

water (such as a river or lake or ocean).

 THE SEA AFFECTS THE CLIMATE OF A PLACE.

COASTAL AREAS ARE COOLER AND WETTER
THAN INLAND AREAS. CLOUDS FORM WHEN
WARM AIR FROM INLAND AREAS MEETS COOL
AIR FROM THE SEA. THE CENTRE OF
CONTINENTS ARE SUBJECT TO A LARGE RANGE
OF TEMPERATURES. IN THE SUMMER,
TEMPERATURES CAN BE VERY HOT AND DRY
AS MOISTURE FROM THE SEA EVAPORATES
BEFORE IT REACHES THE CENTER OF THE LAND
MASS.

d. WIND SYSTEM –

 wind refers to the movement of air relative to the

surface of the earth. Wind delivers air masses with
specific properties.

 PREVAILING WINDS BRING AIR FROM ONE TYPE

OF CLIMATE TO ANOTHER. WARM WINDS THAT
TRAVEL OVER WATER TEND TO COLLECT
MOISTURE AS THEY TRAVEL; THE WATER
VAPOR IN THE AIR WILL CONDENSE AS IT
MOVES INTO COLDER CLIMATES, WHICH IS WHY
COASTAL AREAS OFTEN RECEIVE HEAVY
RAINFALL.

ROXANNE B. GELANI
SST- I
SANGALI NHS
 3

e. OCEAN CURRENT –

 the continuous, predictable, directional movement of

seawater driven by gravity, wind (Coriolis Effect), and
water density. It can increase or reduce temperatures
and are driven by surface winds, earth’s rotation and
differences in salinity.

 OCEAN CURRENTS AFFECT CLIMATE BECAUSE

OCEAN CURRENTS CARRY WARM WATER, WHICH
HELPS WARM CLIMATES OF LAND MASSES.

f. TOPOGRAPHY –

 detailed map of the surface features of land. It includes

the mountains, hills, creeks, and other bumps and lumps
on a particular hunk of earth.

 TOPOGRAPHY AFFECTS CLIMATE THROUGH

MOUNTAINOUS AREAS. MOUNTAINOUS AREA
TEND TO HAVE MORE EXTREME WEATHER
BECAUSE IT ACTS AS A BARRIER OF AIR
MOVEMENTS AND MOISTURE. ONE SIDE
MOUNTAIN CAN BE DRY WHILE THE OTHER SIDE
IS FULL OF VEGETATION. MOUNTAINS CAN CAUSE
PHYSICAL BARRIER TO RAIN CLOUDS.

SAQ 1: What is the significance of knowing the different factors affecting

climate?

SAQ-2: How does each factor affect climate then?

Let’s Practice!
(Answer using the separate sheets
provided.)

Directions:

Hello there kiddos! For you to enjoy this

lesson, here are six activities that you
have to answer  Read and understand
each instructions carefully 

Activity 1. When the Sun’s Rays Strike!

WHAT TO DO? :
Here is an illustration of the sun’s rays and
the earth. Analyze the illustration and
answer the questions provided.

ROXANNE B. GELANI
SST- I
SANGALI NHS
 4

Questions:

1. What is the tilt of the earth’s axis?

___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
2. Which part of the earth receives most of the sun’s rays?
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
3. Why does the amount of heat received by places far from the equator become less?
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
4. Why are the coldest places on earth found near the poles?
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
5. Why are places with high temperature found at the equator?
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
6. How does latitude affect climate?
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________

Activity 2. The HIGHER, the COLDER

WHAT TO DO? :
Below is a list of cities in the Philippines and its recorded annual
temperature. Understand the table and answer the questions
given.

CITY ALTITUDE ANNUAL AVERAGE

(M) TEMPERATURE (OC)

BACOLOD 10 27.5
BAGUIO 1400 16.0
LAOAG 20 27.3
MANILA 10 27.7
TACLOBAN 20 29.4
TAGAYTAY 640 22.7
ZAMBOANGA 30 27.6

Questions:

1. Which city has the highest or hottest temperature?

___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
2. Which city has the lowest or coldest temperature?
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
3. Why does these cities experience low temperature?

4. What is the relationship between the altitude of the city to its temperature?
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
5. Therefore, how does temperature affect the climate of an area?

ROXANNE B. GELANI
SST- I
SANGALI NHS
 5

Activity 3. Which cools and heats faster?

WHAT TO DO? :
Study the GRAPH OF EARTH-MATERIALS TEMPERATURES and
answer the questions.

Questions:
1. What is the initial temperature of soil and water?
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
2. What is the difference between the temperature of soil and water after 15 minutes?
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
3. Based from what have you answered in question number 2, which of the two heats up faster, land or
water?
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
4. Which cools faster, land or water?
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
5. What is the effect of heat on land and water?
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
6. Which of the following factors affecting climate does this situation pertain to?
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________

7. How does surrounding bodies of water affect climate then?

___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________

ROXANNE B. GELANI
SST- I
SANGALI NHS
 6

Activity 4. Wind System

WHAT TO DO? :
Study the globe below.

Global air currents cause global winds. The figure below shows
the direction that the winds blow. Global winds are the prevailing, or
usual, winds at a given latitude. The wind moves air masses, which
causes weather. The direction of prevailing winds determines which
type of air mass usually moves over an area. For example, a west
wind might bring warm moist air from over an ocean. An east wind
might bring cold dry air from over a mountain range.

Question:

1. How does prevailing winds affect climate?

___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________

Activity 5. Ocean Currents

WHAT TO DO? :
Study the map below.

ROXANNE B. GELANI
SST- I
SANGALI NHS
 7

The figure shows different loops or gyres of surface currents around

the world.

In the northern hemisphere, the current flows in a clockwise direction.

On the other hand, in the southern hemisphere, the current flows in
counterclockwise direction. These clockwise and counterclockwise of
ocean currents are caused by the Coriolis Effect. Ocean currents that flow
away from the equator carries warm water. The air above the warm water
has higher temperature. When ocean currents that bring cold water move
towards a coastal region, the temperature of that area decreases as
warmer air from the land flows to the sea resulting in a cold climate. When
warm ocean currents that take along warm water go to a land mass, the
temperature of that place increases as warmer air above the water flows
inland, resulting in a warm climate.
Questions:

1. What are the different ocean currents that carry warm water? Give at least three examples.
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
2. What are the different ocean currents that carry cold water? Give at least three examples.
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
3. What kind of air does Greenland Current take along? Explain.
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
4. How do ocean currents affect climate?
__________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________

Activity 6. Which should I choose, windward or leeward?

WHAT TO DO? :
Read and analyze the situation then answer the given questions.

Mountain is an example of topographical features of the land. As you noticed, the

picture shows the two sides of the mountain. One side is facing the wind and has low
temperature. Clouds are forming here due to the condensation of water vapor. This
formation of clouds develops to become rain. On the other side of the mountain, there is
no cloud formation. The temperature is high and precipitation does not happen. This
results in the formation of a dry and warm region.

ROXANNE B. GELANI
SST- I
SANGALI NHS
 8

Questions:

1. What happens to water vapor as it rises over the mountain?

___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
2. Which side of the mountain experiences low temperature?
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
3. Which side of the mountain experiences high temperature?
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
4.What happens when air becomes warmer and drier as it moves down the leeward side?
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
5. What dry region forms at the back of the mountain?
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
6. How does topography affect climate?
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________

REMEMBER
Key Points

Climate is the average weather in a place over many years. It refers to the significant changes in global
temperature, precipitation, wind patterns and other measures of climate that occur over several decades
or longer. It describes the long term and average weather conditions for a specific region.
Climate is influenced by different factors which are - latitude, altitude, distance from surrounding
bodies of water, prevailing wind system, ocean currents and topography.
Latitude or distance from the equator – Temperatures drop the further an area is from the equator due
to the curvature of the earth. In areas closer to the poles, sunlight has a larger area of atmosphere to
pass through and the sun is at a lower angle in the sky.
 For each 1,000-foot rise in altitude there is a 4°F drop in temperature. As you go high up, temperature
drops and climatic condition automatically becomes colder.
Large bodies of water such as oceans, seas, and large lakes affect the climate of an
area. Water heats and cools more slowly than land.
The dominant air currents that affect climate are known as prevailing winds. For example,
warm winds that travel over water tend to collect moisture as they travel; the water vapor in the air will
condense as it moves into colder climates, which is why temperate coastal areas often receive heavy
rainfall.
Ocean currents act much like a conveyor belt, transporting warm water and precipitation from the
equator toward the poles and cold water from the poles back to the tropics.
The topography of an area can influence the climate. Mountainous areas tend to have more extreme
weather because it acts as a barrier to air movements and moisture. One side of mountain can be dry
while the other side is full of vegetation. Mountains can cause a physical barrier to rain clouds.

TRY
Let’s see how much have you learned today!
Directions: Encircle the letter of the correct answer.
(Answer on the Learner’s Activity and Assessment sheets.)
1. One of the factors that affects climate is the altitude. 7. One of the go-to places in the Philippines
ROXANNE B. GELANI
SST- I
SANGALI NHS
 9

Altitude refers to the height of anything above a given during summer is the Sagada Province. Why do
planetary reference plane, especially above sea level you think this place is frequently visited during
on earth. How does altitude affect climate then? summer?

A. The higher you go above sea level, the colder it A. The tourist enjoys the great view
gets. B. The tourist enjoys the experience of a
B. The further you get from the equator, the colder cold temperature knowing that the location
it gets.
of Sagada is higher than Baguio
C. The closer you get to the equator, the hotter it
C. The tourist will enjoy higher temperature
gets.
D. The process by which heat from the sun is knowing its summer
trapped near Earth's surface. D. The tourist will enjoy abnormal
temperature
2. How does prevailing winds affect the climate of a
region? 8. Which of the following factors affecting
climate does the situation in question number 7
A. Controlling the amount of solar energy it shows?
receives.
B. Affecting how much precipitation it receives. A. Latitude because temperature range
C. Causing more precipitation on one side of a decreases with distance from the equator.
mountain also, temperature decrease as you move
D. Creating desert areas away from the equator. This is because the
sun’s rays are dispersed over a larger area
3. The illustration below of land as you move away from the equator
shows that the sun’s rays B. Altitude because temperature on higher
are least directed to the elevations are lower. Temperature decrease
pole. Which of the with height. The temperature usually
following factors affecting decreases by 1 degree celsius for every 100
climate does it exhibit? meters in altitude
C. Surrounding bodies of water because the
sea affects the climate of a place. Coastal
A. Topography areas are cooler and wetter than inland
B. Altitude areas. Clouds form when warm air from
C. Latitude inland areas meets cool air from the sea
D. Ocean Current D. Prevailing winds because in an area with
high location it easier to bring air from one
4. In reference to question number 3, how does type of climate to another. warm winds that
latitude affect climate? travel over water tend to collect moisture as
they travel
A. Temperature range decreases with distance
from the equator. Also temperature decreases as 9. City A is surrounded by bodies of water and
you move away from the equator has a moderate climate. It is located near the
B. Temperature range increases with distance from equator. What will most likely affect the climate
the equator. Also temperature decreases as you of the city?
move away from the equator
A. Latitude
C. Temperature range increases with distance from
B. Altitude
the equator. Also temperature increases as you
C. Topography
move away from the equator
D. Ocean Current
D. Temperature range decreases with distance
from the equator. Also temperature increases as
you move away from the equator 10. Which of the following justifies why the
climate of the city, in question number 9 is
5. Batanes is an archipelagic province located in being affected by that factor?
Cagayan Valley region. Almost one-half of Batanes are
hills and mountains and it is being surrounded by large A. Topography affects climate through
bodies of water specifically Pacific Ocean and South mountainous areas. Mountainous area tends
ROXANNE B. GELANI
SST- I
SANGALI NHS
 10

China Sea. How does large bodies of water affect to have more extreme weather because it
climate? acts as a barrier of air movements and
moisture.
A. Water heats up and cools more slowly than land B. Latitude because temperature range
B. Water heats up and cools faster than land decreases with distance from the equator.
C. Water and land cool at the same time also, temperature decrease as you move
D. Water and land heat at the same rate away from the equator.
C. Altitude because temperature on higher
6. Which of the following justifies how does large elevations are lower. Temperature decrease
bodies of water affect the climate of the land next to it? with height. The temperature usually
decreases by 1 degree celsius for every 100
A. Water heats up and cools more slowly than land meters in altitude
B. Water heats up and cools faster than land D. Ocean currents affect climate because
C. Water and land cool at the same time ocean currents carry warm water, which
D. Water and land heat at the same rate helps warm climates of land masses

REFERENCES Megan, Nicole. 2016. October 30. Accessed June 19,

2020.https://starless-suite.blogspot.com/2016/10/35-factors-that-
affect-climateworksheet.html

https://eo.ucar.edu/kids/green/what1.htm. Accessed August 27, 2020

https://www.internetgeography.net/topics/what-factors-affect-climate/.
Accessed August 27, 2020

https://climatechange.ucdavis.edu/science/climate-change-
definitions/. Accessed August 27, 2020

https://www.geo.fu-berlin.de/en/v/iwm.
network/learning_content/environmental.background/basics_climateg
eography/definitions/index.html. Accessed August 28, 2020
DISCLAIMER This learning resource contains copyrighted materials. The use of
which has not been specifically authorized by the copyright owner. We
are developing this CapSLET in our efforts to provide printed and e-
copy learning resources available for the learners in reference to the
learning continuity plan of this division in this time of pandemic.

This material is not intended for uploading nor for commercial

use but purely for educational purposes and for the utilization of
Zamboanga City Division only.

ROXANNE B. GELANI
SST- I
SANGALI NHS