G8 CHAPTER 4 WORKSHEET - 5

SOLVING BY SUBSTITUTION

Improve your skills by working your way through these exercises.

TASK 1 Fill in the blanks

Solve the following pairs of simultaneous equations by filling in the blanks.

1 a = 3b – 5 and a = b + 1 2 m + n = 4 and 3m – 2n = 7
a = 3b – 5 (i) m+n=4 (i)
a=b+1 (ii) 3m – 2n = 7 (ii)

Substitute (i) into (ii): Rewrite (i):

m=4–n (iii)
=b+1
Substitute (iii) into (ii):
b–5=1
3( ) – 2n = 7
b=6
– 2n = 7
b=
n+ =7
Substitute b = into (ii):
n=
a= +1
n=
a=
Substitute n = into equation (i):
Check: Substitute b = into (i):
m=4–
a=3× 5
m=
a=
Check: Sub m = and n = into (ii):
The solution is a = and b =
3× –2× =

The solution is m = and n =

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 G8 CHAPTER 4 WORKSHEET - 5

TASK 2 Find the errors

Find and correct the mistakes in each of the following solutions.

1 a = 5b + 3 and a = 3b – 1 2 p = 2q – 5 and 3q – 2p = 6
a = 5b + 3 (i) p = 2q – 5 (i)
a = 3b – 1 (ii) 3q – 2p = 6 (ii)

Substitute (i) into (ii): Substitute (i) into (ii):

5b + 3 = 3b – 1 3q – 2(2q – 5) = 6
2b + 3 = –1 3q – 4q – 10 = 6
2b = 2 –q – 10 = 6
b=1 –q = 16
q = –16
Substitute b = 1 into (i):
a = 5(1) + 3 Substitute q = –16 into (i):
a=8 p = 2(–16) – 5
p = –37
The solution is a = 8, b = 1
The solution is p = –37, q = –16

TASK 3 Concurrent lines

1 On your own paper, find the simultaneous solution to the following pairs of equations.
Pair A: y = 2 + x and y = 3x – 2 Pair B: y = 2 + x and 2x + y = 8

Extension

2 Use your simultaneous solution to Pair A and Pair B to describe what would happen if you
graphed the lines of all three equations.

3 Without solving, state the simultaneous solution to the equations y = 3x – 2 and 2x + y = 8.

4 Write down the equations of three lines that all intersect at (1, 2).

Line 1:

Line 2:

Line 3:

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 G8 CHAPTER 4 WORKSHEET - 5

INVESTIGATING SIMULTANEOUS EQUATIONS

Find simultaneous solutions using graphs and the guess, check and refine method.

TASK 1 Do all pairs of linear equations have a unique solution?

The diagrams show the graphs of three pairs of linear equations.

Diagram 1 Diagram 2 Diagram 3

y = x + 1 and y = 2 – x y = x + 1 and y = x + 3 y = x + 1 and 2y = 2x + 2

Choose the pair of equations that have:
1 no solution
2 an infinite number of solutions
3 one unique solution

TASK 2 Pair the graphs

A B C

D E F

From the graphs above, select at least one pair of equations that will have:
1 no solution
2 an infinite number of solutions
3 one solution

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 G8 CHAPTER 4 WORKSHEET - 5

TASK 3 Use guess, check and refine to solve simultaneous equations

You can solve some problems by first writing equations that can be solved simultaneously.

Example: The product of two numbers is 36 and their sum is 13. What are the numbers?
Let the two numbers be x and y. Then xy = 36 and x + y = 13.
Guesses for xy = 36 x+y Conclusion
x=1 y = 36 x + y = 37 The sum is too large; try again.
x=6 y=6 x + y = 12 The sum is too small; try a larger factor of 36.
x = 12 y=3 x + y = 15 The sum is too large; look for a smaller factor.
x=4 y=9 x + y = 13 Correct.

The two numbers are 4 and 9.

Use a similar technique to solve the following problems.

1 The product of two numbers is 48 while their sum is 14. What are the numbers?
Let the numbers be a and b. Then ab = 48 and a + b = 14.

Guesses for ab = 48 a+b Conclusion

a=1 b = 48 49
a = 12 b=4
a=4

The two numbers are and .

2 The product of two numbers is –60 and their difference is 17. Find the numbers.

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 G8 CHAPTER 4 WORKSHEET - 5

You sometimes need to multiply one or both of the simultaneous equations to create a common term
before using the elimination method.

TASK 1 Complete the solutions

Fill in the boxes to complete the solutions.

1 5m – n = 19 (i) 2 4p + 3q = 18 (i)
3m + 2n = 1 (ii) 3p + 2q = 13 (ii)
(i)  2 10m – 2n = 38 (iii)
(i)  3 p + 9q = (iii)
(iii) + (ii)

(ii)  4 p + 8q = (iv)
m=
(iii) – (iv)
m=
q=
Substitute m = into (i):
Substitute q = into (i):

5× – n = 19
4p + 3  = 18
– n = 19
4p + = 18
–n =
4p =
n=
p=
Check: Sub m = and n = into (ii):
Check: Sub p = and q = into (ii):
3× +2× =
3× +2× =
The solution is m = and n =
The solution is p = and q =

TASK 2 Solve simultaneous equations

Find the solutions to the following pairs of equations using the elimination method.

1 a+b=8 2 4m – 5n = 1
3a + 2b = 21 3m + n = –4

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 G8 CHAPTER 4 WORKSHEET - 5

TASK 2 Solve simultaneous equations (cont’d)

3 5x + 2y = 4 4 3g – 4h = 13
2x – 3y = 13 2g + 5h = 24

TASK 3 Solve, check and graph

1 Solve the pair of equations: 2 After solving the equations, complete the table
x + 3y = 9 and graph the lines to verify your solution.
2x – y = 4 x + 3y = 9 2x – y = 4
x y y
0
2
3

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 G8 CHAPTER 4 WORKSHEET - 5

SOLVING BY ELIMINATION
Examine pairs of equations to determine if the elimination method can be used to solve them
simultaneously.

TASK 1 Match up

Match the pairs of equations with the result after eliminating one variable.

Pair of equations Result after adding or subtracting

1 2x + 3y = 1 A 2x = 6
x – 3y = 5
2 3x + 5y = 12 B 3x = 6
3x – 2y = 6
3 3x + y = 7 C 2y = 6
x+y=1
4 x + 3y = 10 D 7y = 6
x+y=4

TASK 2 Fill in the blanks

Complete the solutions by filling in the blanks.

a 5a – 2b = 24 (i) b 4a + 3b = 23 (i)
3a + 2b = 8 (ii) a + 3b = 8 (ii)
(i) + (ii) (i) – (ii)

a= a=

a= a=

Substitute a = into (i): Substitute a = into (i):

5× – 2b = 24 4× + 3b = 23

+ 3b = 23
– 2b = 24
3b =
– 2b =
b=
b=
Check: Substitute a = b= into (ii):
Check: Substitute a = b= into (ii):
+3× =
3× +2× =
The solution is: The solution is:

a= and b =
a= and b =
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 G8 CHAPTER 4 WORKSHEET - 5

TASK 3 Solve simultaneous equations using elimination

Solve the following pairs of equations:

a x + 2y = 8 b 2x + y = 4
x + 5y = 11 x – y = 20

c 5x – y = 14 d 7x – 2y = 27
5x – 2y = 23 3x – 2y = 7

e 3x – 5y = 23 f 5x + 4y = 15
4x + 5y = 19 –5x – 6y = 5

g 4x – 7y = 10 h 2x + y = 9
4x – 3y = 2 2x – 5y = 15

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| Phone No: 90321 91111, 78423 00012 | Email ID:info@ambitusworldschool.com