ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY

AHMAD MULIA PANIGORAN SIREGAR /202223016

TOPIC: THE INFLUENCE OF TECHNOLOGY ON LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT

1. ABSTRACT :
The article is devoted to studying the development of languages under the influence of computer
technology. The article aims to determine the impact of digitalization and other factors on the
development of Ukrainian and English languages. The study's central hypothesis is that digital
technology has significant language development. To empirically confirm this hypothesis, a
survey of Internet users was organized, who expressed their opinions about the use of new words
(words of foreign origin and slang words) in the process of communication. The study results
showed that digital technology impacts language development, but users' vocabulary is
expanding following the scope of digital technology. In particular, young people, even having a
good knowledge of English, do not know business slang, while the mature generation has almost
no knowledge of youth slang originating from entertainment. This study has practical
significance for philologists and digital technology professionals who are looking for accessible
methods of communication by expanding the speech vocabulary with words of computer origin
Oliinyk, L., Romaniuk, N., Kuznetsova, H., Horbenko, I., & Senchylo-Tatlılıoğlu, N. (2022). The impact of
digital and internet technologies on language development. Eduweb.
2. ABSTRACT :
Purpose: This review focuses on children’s learning of language and literacy skills in the
context of society’s changing means of communication, which is in creasingly mediated by
technology. Children’s use of technology has dramatically increased over the past decade.
Mobile telephones and computers are a popular medium of electronic communication—the
nature of which represents a subtly different form of language, as electronic discourse is a
combination of speech and writing. Currently, there are many conflicting opinions regarding the
impact that increased use of technology may be having on children’s language development, and
there is a need for greater clarity and research evidence. Method: This review explores the
language and literacy skills children use for communicating via computer technology and
considers existing literature on the proposed benefits and negative effects of such technology on
these skills. Results: The existing evidence suggests that communication technology has mainly
beneficial effects on language and literacy skills and may even be encouraging the development
of new media literacy skills, provided that children are supported in accessing developmentally
appropriate language and content. Conclusions: More detailed research is needed to separate the
effects of specific aspects of computer use and to elaborate on how differing levels and types of
computer usage may influence outcomes. In an age of very rapid and pervasive technological
advances, there is a need for timely research to investigate the potential consequences of
changing trends. Education professionals need up-to-date and fully informed evidence to support
parents and caregivers in ensuring that children make the best use of communication technology
to promote their language and literacy development.
Watt, H. J. (2010). How does the use of modern communication technology influence language
and literacy development? A review. Contemporary issues in communication science and
disorders, 37(Fall), 141-148.

3. ABSTRACT :
The close relationship between biological evolution and language was noted by Darwin himself
in an oft-quoted passage from The Descent of Man: “the formation of different languages and of
different species, and the proofs that both have been developed through a gradual process, are
curiously parallel” (Darwin, 1882). In fact, the development of evolutionary theory in biology
was inspired in part by the advances in historical linguistics in the early nineteenth century. In
the twentieth century, evolutionary theory did not have much influence on linguistics, in part due
to the advent of structuralism and the focus on synchronic linguistic analysis. In the past two
decades, there has been a considerable increase in interest in the relationship between language
and evolution. The interest has been manifested in three areas of recent research. The first is the
evolutionary origin of the human language capacity, a topic that was actively avoided in
linguistics for a century. The second is the employment of techniques of phylogeny
reconstruction from biology in the analysis of genetic families of languages. Finally, there is the
application of theories of evolutionary processes to language change, based on the hypothesis
that, as Darwin wrote, the two are strikingly parallel.
Croft, W.B. (2015). Evolution and Language: Overview.
4. ABSTRACT :
The social and cognitive mechanisms of cultural evolution have been studied in detail for
different domains: language, technology, the economy, art, etc. However, a model that
incorporates the function of a cultural tradition and that is able to compare evolutionary
dynamics across cultural domains has not been formulated. By exploring the dynamics of
comparable linguistic, technological and artistic experimental tasks, we test the effect of domain-
specific function on evolutionary mechanisms such as inheritance, innovation and selection. We
find evidence that cultural domain shapes both the structure of the traditions and the way the
cultural-evolutionary mechanisms operate. The simplifying effects of cultural transmission are
noticeable in language and technology, but not in art; innovation is highest in art and lowest in
language; and functional pressures lead to different morphological adaptations across domains.
This speaks of a crucial role of function and domain in the evolution of culture.
Tamariz, M., Kirby, S., & Carr, J.W. (2016). Cultural Evolution Across Domains: Language,
Technology and Art. Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society.
5. ABSTRACT :
Social media (SM) influences social interaction in the age of digital media, impacting how
languages develop. Since these networks play a role in daily life, they create new words and
conceptual frameworks that define our contemporary society. The current investigation
investigates Twitter, Facebook, and Reddit SM posts applying textual extraction. The seven-year
temporal sample demonstrates significant semantic change caused by society and technology.
The analysis notices the importance of new words, phrase meaning evolving, and sentiment
changes in SM users’ English usage, proving their adaptability. The growing popularity of
phrases like eavesdropping and doom-scrolling indicated how SM and daily life impact. This
investigation distinguishes each platform’s unique linguistic features and digital developments
by understanding language flow and leading research in the future
Shen, Y. (2024). Impact of social media on the evolution of English semantics through linguistic
analysis. Forum for Linguistic Studies.

6. ABSTRACT :
With the present paper, we sought to use research findings to illustrate the following thesis: the
evolution of language follows the principles of human evolution. We argued that language does
not exist for its own sake, it is one of a multitude of skills that developed to achieve a shared
communicative goal, and all its features are reflective of this. Ongoing emerging language
adaptations strive to better fit the present state of the human species. Theories of language have
evolved from a single-modality to multimodal, from human-specific to usage-based and goal-
driven. We proposed that language should be viewed as a multitude of communication
techniques that have developed and are developing in response to selective pressure. The precise
nature of language is shaped by the needs of the species (arguably, uniquely H. sapiens) utilizing
it, and the emergence of new situational adaptations, as well as new forms and types of human
language, demonstrates that language includes an act driven by a communicative goal. This
article serves as an overview of the current state of psycholinguistic research on the topic of
language evolution.
Markov, I., Kharitonova, K., & Grigorenko, E.L. (2023). Language: Its Origin and Ongoing
Evolution. Journal of Intelligence, 11.

7. ABSTRACT :
The digital age is changing our children’s lives and childhood dramatically. New technologies
transform the way people interact with each other, the way stories are shared and distributed, and
the way reality is presented and perceived. Parents experience that toddlers can handle tablets
and apps with a level of sophistication the children’s grandparents can only envy. In Great
Britain, a recent survey of preschoolers shows that a rising number of toddlers are now put to bed
with a tablet instead of a bedtime story. In the USA, a telephone survey of 1,009 parents of
children aged 2–24 months (Zimmerman et al., 2007a) documents that by 3 months of age, about
40% of children regularly watched television, DVDs or videos, while by 24 months the
proportion rose to 90%. Moreover, with the advance and exponential use of social media,
children see their parents constantly interacting with mobile devices, instead of with people
around them. Still, research in the US indicates that assistive social robots seem to have a
favorable effect on children’s language development (Westlund et al.). Existing theories of
language acquisition emphasize the role of language input and the child’s interaction with the
environment as crucial to language development. From this perspective, we need to ask: What
are the consequences of this new digital reality for children’s acquisition of the most
fundamental of all human skills: language and communication? Are new theories needed that can
help us understand how children acquire language? Do the new digital environment and the new
ways of interaction change the way languages are learned, or the quality of language acquisition?
Is the use of new media beneficial or harmful to children’s language and cognitive development?
Can new technologies be tailored to support child growth and, most importantly, can they be
designed to enhance language learning in vulnerable children? These questions and issues can
only be addressed bymeans of an interdisciplinary approach that aims at developing new
methods of data collection and analysis in a longitudinal perspective. This type of research is
however not yet documented.
Vulchanova, M.D., Baggio, G., Cangelosi, A., & Smith, L.B. (2017). Editorial: Language
Development in the Digital Age. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 11.

8. ABSTRACT :
In the current global scenario, the Internet is increasingly becoming a central informational
medium that is transforming the way we learn, teach, and communicate. Social media offers a
public platform that allows an exchange of thoughts and ideas through posts, tweets, and
comments, albeit with word or character count restrictions. Evidently, creativity cannot be
curtailed through content length restrictions. The emergence of a new genre of short-stories
called short-short stories and the birth of a new English dialect called Text-speak prove that
every cloud indeed has a silver lining. The popularity of social media exchanges signify that
technology users have accepted quick social media interactions as a new way of life and have
also adjusted their writing to match the content restrictions. Educators and parents are concerned
that the attitudes and habits of tech-savvy generation are muddying Standard English as Text-
speak is infiltrating students assignments blurring the distinction between formal and informal
writing. The phenomenal popularity of short stories that can fit in a tweet or text is an example of
how adversity can be turned into an opportunity. Literary purists, however, are concerned that
digital literature is shrinking and short-stories are severing their characteristic elements to
comply with the restrictions. This paper delineates the impact of technology on daily English
writing and literature
Al-Sharqi, L.M., & Abbasi, I.S. (2020). The Influence of Technology on English Language and
Literature. English Language Teaching.

9. ABSTRACT :
Understanding the evolution of language requires evidence regarding origins and processes that
led to change. In the last 40 years, there has been an explosion of research on this problem as
well as a sense that considerable progress has been made. We argue instead that the richness of
ideas is accompanied by a poverty of evidence, with essentially no explanation of how and why
our linguistic computations and representations evolved. We show that, to date, (1) studies of
nonhuman animals provide virtually no relevant parallels to human linguistic communication,
and none to the underlying biological capacity; (2) the fossil and archaeological evidence does
not inform our understanding of the computations and representations of our earliest ancestors,
leaving details of origins and selective pressure unresolved; (3) our understanding of the genetics
of language is so impoverished that there is little hope of connecting genes to linguistic processes
any time soon; (4) all modeling attempts have made unfounded assumptions, and have provided
no empirical tests, thus leaving any insights into language's origins unverifiable. Based on the
current state of evidence, we submit that the most fundamental questions about the origins and
evolution of our linguistic capacity remain as mysterious as ever, with considerable uncertainty
about the discovery of either relevant or conclusive evidence that can adjudicate among the many
open hypotheses. We conclude by presenting some suggestions about possible paths forward.
Hauser, M.D., Yang, C.D., Berwick, R.C., Tattersall, I., Ryan, M.J., Watumull, J., Chomsky, N.,
& Lewontin, R.C. (2014). The mystery of language evolution. Frontiers in Psychology, 5.

10. ABSTRACT :
This paper attempts to highlight the catalytic influence of technology on language, which, in our
view, constitutes a core element of culture. New information and communication technologies,
along with their global dissemination, have brought fundamental changes to human society on
multiple levels. The very process of globalization is perceived as a consequence of these
innovations, principally the rapid spread of the internet. Anthropology posits that each cultural
model is already ‘transfused’ from birth, assimilated over time subconsciously, adopted through
imitation, tangible examples, and expressed in the local language. Thus, language emerges as a
primary factor in defining collective identity. We argue that, at their core, technological
revolutions have proven to be cultural revolutions, as evidenced by the changes resulting from
inventions that marked the course of history. Technology, of course, is not merely the machine or
the tool itself, but the totality of relationships that develop among people, technological objects,
and related knowledge domains. We contend that in the chaotic, globalized international
environment, the need to defend local or national identity, including language, becomes
imperative. Finally, it is imperative to delve into the potential confirmation of the theory of
technological determinism, particularly its role in moulding national languages in accordance
with prescribed technological parameters. This exploration is necessitated by the profound
influence technology exerts on various aspects of societal dynamics.
Karakoulas, Dimitrios & Theologou, Kostas. (2023). The Crucial Impact of Technology on
Language and Culture. 6. 18-27.
11. ABSTRACT :
This article examines the impact of social media on language and communication. It explores
how social media platforms have influenced language use, linguistic norms, and communication
practices. The article discusses the evolution of language on social media, highlighting the
emergence of new linguistic strategies, such as abbreviations and hashtags. It also explores the
role of social media in fostering language creativity and innovation through the proliferation of
memes and the invention of new expressions. The influence of social media on linguistic norms
and conventions is examined, including the acceptance of nonstandard forms and the integration
of slang and regional dialects. Additionally, the article discusses how social media has
transformed communication practices by enabling immediate and asynchronous interactions,
fostering global communities, and empowering individuals to have their voices heard. It
acknowledges the challenges posed by social media communication, such as the potential for
misunderstandings and the spread of misinformation, while also emphasizing the opportunities
for improving digital literacy and promoting responsible communication. Overall, the article
underscores the profound impact of social media on language and communication and the need
to navigate its effects in an informed and effective manner.
Jassim, Hamza. (2023). THE IMPACT OF SOCIAL MEDIA ON LANGUAGE AND
COMMUNICATION. 13. 2347-7180.
12. ABSTRACT :
This introductory paper reviews recent advances in language evolution research and summarizes
the contributions of the special issue “New Directions in Language Evolution Research” in the
broader context of these developments. Specifically, we discuss the increasing role of
multimodality and iconicity, the more integrative view of language dynamics that has arguably
broadened the scope of language evolution research, and recent methodological innovations that
allow for a more fine-grained study of e.g. typological distributions or behavioral patterns that
can give clues to some of the keyquestions discussed in the field.
Nölle, J., Hartmann, S., & Tinits, P. (2020). Language evolution research in the year 2020: A
survey of new directions. Language Dynamics and Change.
 13. ABSTRACT :
Digital technologies in combination with ‘big’ data and predictive analytics are having a
significant impact upon professional practices at individual, organisational, national and
international levels. The interplay of code, algorithms and big data are increasingly pervasive in
the governing, leadership and practices of different professional groups. They are reshaping the
relationships between professional grouping and between professionals and their
clients/users/students. New forms of accountability and responsibility are emerging as a result of
these trends, raising important questions about culpability and decision-making in professional
practice. However, to date, despite the introduction of many professional codes on the use of
digital data and social media, these issues have received limited examination in research
addressing professional education. This article aims to explore some of these trends, how they
are manifested in different professions and what might be the educational implications. Our
argument is that new digital technologies are reconfiguring professional practice and
responsibility, but that the education of professionals has yet to adequately reflect these changes.
Fenwick, T.J., & Edwards, R.J. (2016). Exploring the impact of digital technologies on
professional responsibilities and education. European Educational Research Journal, 15, 117 -
131.
14. ABSTRACT :
Today’s mainstream research in language evolution leaves from the assumption that language is
an exclusively human feature, a steady-state entity like our biological organs, and endeavors to
discover the phylogenetic event that endowed us with this mental “organ” or the clinching
moment language became possible.
The fossil evidence from the development of central and peripheral speech organs provides,
however, no support for the alleged existence of a fateful event that would have dubbed a
speechless ancestor into a speech-vested mutant; instead, it outlines a gradual – be it by the
nature of the archeological evidence staccato – development of speech organs from the hints
detected on the endocranial casts of the most archaic member of the genus Homo to the full-
blown apparatus of modern humans.
The linguistic support of the mainstream approach is even more wanting. Far from being a
steady-state accessory, language has evolved to become an ever more efficient instrument of
thought and communication. This paper will argue that it started with implements improvised on
the basis of a sensory mapping of the outside world and gradually developed into a set of
mentally created alternatives properly crafted for linguistic operations. The evolution of writing
from figurative hieroglyphs to symbolic letters provides a useful illustration. This is not to say
that the evolution of language and the evolution of writing are related. The process is universal
and can be seen just as well in the steady and sustained evolution of offensive weapons from the
manually-cast sensory stones all the way to the artificially-propelled mentally-developed ballistic
missiles. But the illustration that will be chosen here is that of the evolution of writing from
figurative hieroglyphs to symbolic letters because, in addition to providing a useful illustration, it
does also supply added support to the consolidation of the left hemisphere as the brain’s
linguistic center.
Bichakjian, B.H. (2017). Language evolution: How language was built and made to evolve.
Language Sciences, 63, 119-129.
15. ABSTRACT :
Although the Internet came into existence in the second half of the twentieth century, its
influence on language began to escalate in 1990 onwards. It has drastically changed the way
people communicate and use English both in writing and speaking. Consequently, the world has
become increasingly interconnected through synchronous and asynchronous communicational
scripts, such as SMS, online chat, Yahoo messengers, emails, blogs, and wikis, which have
become retrievable as accessible corpora for analysis. These corpora can yield anecdotal
evidence of historical language change. The arrival of Web 2.0 tools and applications, such as
Facebook, Twitter, Skype, WhatsApp, and Viber, can likewise reveal changes that English has
recently undergone. The Internet has given rise to what is arguably a new variety of English that
differs from standard varieties. This article provides an account of the development of English
from dialects spoken by a small number of people in the British Isles to an international and
global language. It emphasizes the language shifts that have taken place more recently since the
widespread use of the Internet. The pervasiveness of the Internet has led to new changes in form
and usage described as Internet English .
AL-KADI, A., & Ahmed, R. (2018). EVOLUTION OF ENGLISH IN THE INTERNET AGE.
Indonesian Journal of Applied Linguistics, 7, 727-736.