1.

Advantages and disadvantages of air transport:

Advantages:

Speed: Air transport is the fastest mode of transportation, allowing for quick delivery of
goods and passengers.
Global reach: Air transport provides access to remote and distant locations, connecting
different countries and continents.
Time-saving: Air transport reduces transit times significantly, enabling businesses to operate
on tight schedules and meet urgent deadlines.
High level of safety: Air travel has a relatively low accident rate compared to other modes of
transport, with strict safety regulations and advanced technology.
Disadvantages:

Cost: Air transport is generally more expensive compared to other modes, making it less
economical for large or heavy cargo.
Limited capacity: Aircraft have limitations on the size and weight of cargo they can carry,
limiting the volume of goods that can be transported.
Weather dependency: Air travel can be affected by adverse weather conditions, leading to
delays and disruptions.
Environmental impact: Air transport contributes to greenhouse gas emissions and noise
pollution, raising concerns about its environmental sustainability.
2. Buyers prefer FOB terms for several reasons:
 FOB (Free on Board) terms refer to a shipping agreement where the seller is
responsible for the goods until they are loaded onto the ship at the port of departure.
Some advantages for buyers choosing FOB terms include:
 Cost control: Buyers can have better control over transportation costs as they can
negotiate and choose their own shipping methods and carriers.
 Flexibility: FOB terms allow buyers to select the most suitable shipping route and
timing, giving them more flexibility in managing their supply chain.
 Risk transfer: The responsibility for the goods transfers to the buyer once they are
loaded onto the ship, reducing the seller's liability in case of loss or damage during
transportation.
 Better access to international markets: FOB terms enable buyers to import goods from
different countries and take advantage of global trade opportunities.
3. Transport options for importers vary by country, and without knowing the specific
country, it is challenging to provide a detailed answer. However, some common
transport options available to importers in many countries include:
 Sea freight: Importers can opt for shipping goods via sea freight, which is often
suitable for large volumes or bulky cargo. It can be cost-effective but slower
compared to other modes of transport.
 Air freight: Importers can choose air transport for quick delivery of goods, especially
for time-sensitive or high-value items. Air freight is generally more expensive but
offers speed and reliability.
 Land transport: Importers can utilize land transport options such as trucks or trains for
regional or cross-border transportation. This mode can be suitable for shorter
distances or when there are no direct sea or air routes available.
 Multimodal transport: Importers can combine different modes of transport, such as
using a combination of sea, air, and land transport, to optimize logistics and ensure
efficient delivery to their final destination.
Which mode of transport?
1. 10000T scrap metal could be transported by bulk carrier because the quantity is
large.
2. 2500 day old chicks should be transported by cargo ship.
3. 50 air-conditioning units should be delivered by plane.
4. Materials for training course might be transported by ship.
5. 1200T beef should be transferred by plane.
6. 3 diesel locomotives should be transferred by Ra-Ra ship and then by rail.
7. 2 kg platinum should be transported by plane.

Subject: Report on Up-to-Date Ways of Transporting Different Types of Cargo by

Sea/Air with Recommendations for Speeding up Unloading and On-Carrying Procedures

This report aims to examine the current methods of transporting different types of cargo
by sea/air in our country's imports. The main categories of transported goods include bulk
cargo and general cargo (unitized/non-unitized). The existing facilities for cargo
transportation by sea/air will be evaluated.

Recommendations will focus on improving handling equipment, increasing the speed of

unloading, and enhancing transshipment procedures. These improvements aim to address
the limitations of the present system and expedite the overall transport process.

As a first step, it is recommended to establish a task force responsible for conducting a

feasibility study and developing an action plan for the proposed improvements.
Collaboration with international partners and organizations can provide valuable insights
and best practices to accelerate the implementation process.

In conclusion, this report provides an overview of the current methods of transporting

cargo by sea/air in our country's imports. Recommendations are made to enhance
handling equipment, speed of unloading, and transshipment procedures. The suggested
first step involves establishing a task force to conduct a feasibility study and develop an
action plan for implementation.