𝐀𝐭𝐨𝐦𝐢𝐜 𝐒𝐲𝐦𝐛𝐨𝐥

Symbol means a shorthand method of representing an element.

S. NO. Element Symbol

1 Hydrogen H
2 Carbon C
3 Nitrogen N
4 Oxygen O
5 Fluorine F
Symbols derived from the first two letters of the names of the
element.

S. NO. Element Symbol

1 Aluminium Al
2 Barium Ba
3 Lithium Li
4 Neon Ne
5 Calcium Ca
Symbols are derived from the first and the third letter of the name
of the elements.

S. NO. Element Symbol

1 Arsenic As
2 Magnesium Mg
3 Chlorine Cl
4 Zinc Zn
5 Chromium Cr
Symbols of some elements which have been named from Latin and
Greek words.

Name of Element Latin Name Symbol

Silver Argentum Ag
Copper Cuprum Cu
Gold Aurum Au
Iron Ferrum Fe
Mercury Hydrargyrum Hg
Potassium Kalium K
Sodium Natrium Na
Lead Plumbum Pb
Antimony Stibium Sb
Tungsten Wolfram(German) W
What is a molecule ?

A molecule is a group of two or more atoms (same or

different) chemically bonded to each other and held tightly by
strong attractive forces(Chemical bond).
 What is an ion ?

An ion is a species carrying either positive or negative charge.

“Example “

Na
 What is an ion ?

An ion is a species carrying either positive or negative charge.

“Example “
+

Na
 What is an ion ?

An ion is a species carrying either positive or negative charge.

“Example “
+

Na
Cl
 What is an ion ?

An ion is a species carrying either positive or negative charge.

“Example “
–

Cl
Classification of ion

On the basis of Nature of Charge

Ions

Cations Anions

Na+, Ca+2, H+ SO42-, CO32- , Cl-

List of Ions with Positive ions

Positive ions Symbols

Ammonium NH4+

Hydrogen H+

Sodium Na+

Potassium K+

Magnesium Mg2+

Calcium Ca2+

Aluminium Al3+
List of Ions with Negative ions

Negative ions Symbols

Fluoride F-

Chloride Cl-

Bromide Br-

Iodide I-

Hydroxide OH-
List of Ions with Negative ions

Negative ions Symbols

Carbonate CO32-

Oxide O2-

Nitrate NO3-

Sulphate SO42-
Chemical Formulae
Chemical formula of a molecular compound represents the
actual number and kind of atoms of different elements present
in one molecule of the compound.

“Example “

H2O
Writing formula of Compounds

Al2(SO4)3 CaSO4

Al+3 (SO4)2- Ca+2 (SO4)2-

Cation Anion Cation Anion

“Example “
S.N compound Cation Anion

Sodium chloride
01 Sodium ion (Na+) Chloride ion (Cl-)
(NaCl)

02 Potassium sulphide Potassium ion (K+) Sulphide ion (S2-)

(K2S)

Calcium sulphate
03 Calcium ion (Ca2+) Sulphate ion (SO42–)
(CaSO4)

04 Calcium oxide Calcium ion (Ca2+) Oxide ion (O2-)

(CaO)

05 Magnesium sulphide
Magnesium (Mg2+) Sulphide ion (S2-)
(MgS)
Formula of Compounds

Sodium Chloride Sodium Phosphate

Na Cl Na (PO4)

+1 -1 +1 -3

NaCl Na3PO4
Question
Write down the formula of-
(i) Sodium oxide
(ii) Aluminium chloride
(iii) Sodium sulphide
(iv) Magnesium hydroxide
 Question
The formula of a metal chloride is MCl2. What will be the
formula of its nitrate?

Solution