Electrolysis Key Updated 291023

AL MAJD INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL
Electrochemistry
 Electrolysis
 Hydrogen–oxygen fuel cells
28
29
30
31
32
10
11
12
33
13
14
15
16
34
17
18
35
19
20
21
36
22
23
37
24
25
26
27
38
28
29
39
30
31
40
32
33
41
34
- +
35
42
1
(a)
electrons 1
5(b)(ii) (positive and
negative) ions 1
5(b)(iii) nickel 1
iodine 1
Ni2+ + 2e Ni OR 2 I
I2 + 2 e
electrons
ions
nickel at cathode and iodine at anode

or
(b)
43
:
copper formed/copper deposited
oxygen
copper forms ions and dissolves
solution becomes colourless

solution stays the same colour in B
In A copper ions are removed and not replaced

while in B copper ions both removed and added (at the
same rate)
44
bauxite
aluminium is more reactive than carbon
To lower melting point

To increase the conductivity
oxidation because electrons are lost

OR oxidation number increases
anode electrode is made from carbon/graphite

oxygen (made) reacts with carbon anode
3
(a)
Molten or aqueous solution of ionic compound that

conducts electricity or (undergoes) electrolysis
45
Hydrogen is pro produced at the cathode

Chlorine at the anode
the electrolyte changed to potassium hydroxide as chlorine and
hydrogen are removed.
potassium
4
Cu(aq) + 2e– Cu(s)
(a pink / brown) solid / deposit forms 1
bubbles / fizzing (at the anode)

solution becomes paler / less blue / colourless
46
A green gas would be seen (on the anode)

5
The breakdown of an (ionic) compound by (the passage of)

electricity
oxygen
glowing splint
relights
2H + 2e– H 2
47
electrons
ions
any 2 from:
• green gas at positive electrode
• bulb is brighter
• rate of bubbles increases
impure copper 1 pure copper
aqueous copper sulfate
48
silver (impurities) fall to the bottom of the cell
zinc impurities dissolve into solution as ion
because zinc is more reactive than copper AND silver

is less reactive than copper
6
bauxite/Aluminium oxide is dissolved in molten cryolite

cryolite lowers the melting temperature of Al2O3
The electrolyte contains aluminium and oxide ions
When electricity is passed through, oxygen is produced at the
anode and Aluminum at the cathode
2O – 4e– O
Al + 3e– Al
carbon or graphite anode reacts with oxygen / burns (in oxygen)
49
manufacture of aircraft
low density
food containers OR cooking foil

resistant to corrosion
7
bauxite
To lowers melting point

To reduce the amount of energy needed / reduces cost
To improve conductivity
Aluminium is higher in the reactivity series than copper so

hydrogen not aluminium forms at cathode
50
Al + 3e Al 1M
2O – 4e O2 2M
oxygen reacts with carbon (anode) to form carbon dioxide

/C+ O CO 1M
protective oxide layer
aluminium has a low density / light

aluminium is a good conductor
strength / prevent sagging / allows greater separation of
pylons / core made of
steel because it is strong
51
high energy costs in extraction of sodium by electrolysis
reduce temperature / reduce melting point (to 900/1000°C)

improves conductivity ,
reduce cost
2 4
they burn (away) / react with oxygen to form carbon dioxide
hydrogen formed / aluminium above

hydrogen in reactivity series
aluminium is higher than carbon in the reactivity series /
carbon doesn’t reduce
52
9
(a)
pure copper impure copper
aqueous copper sulphate
appearance/shiny/more attractive/decoration
resist corrosion / rusting
Cr (SO4)
Cr + 3e Cr
53
oxygen / O2
*to replace chromium ions (used to plate steel)

/ chromium sulfate used up
* copper ions replaced from copper anode so solution of copper sulfate
does not change
10
electrodes
bubbles of colourless gases
twice as much hydrogen than oxygen
54
water
lighted splint
no effect for oxygen
‘pops’ for hydrogen
OR glowing splint
relights for oxygen
11 no effect for hydrogen
platinum
opposites attract/ hydrogen ions are positive,H+;
chlorine;
(red or blue) litmus;

bleached/goes white;
55
chlorine is soluble/ chlorine dissolves

12
bulb lights / silver-grey liquid or solid forms / bubbles;
carbon (graphite)
it reacts / is reactive;
bromine
bleaches / turns white

;
lead
fume cupboard/well-ventilated area
56
13
electroplating
clean/remove dirt/ impurities

so nickel coats evenly /firmly
aqueous nickel salt e.g nickel(II)nitrate
bulb lights or (silver) deposit on key
rinse with water and suitable method to dry e.g. oven/

hairdryer
57

Electrolysis Key Updated 291023

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Electrolysis Key Updated 291023

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

AL MAJD INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL

 Hydrogen–oxygen fuel cells

nickel at cathode and iodine at anode

AL MAJD INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL

copper formed/copper deposited

copper forms ions and dissolves

solution becomes colourless

In A copper ions are removed and not replaced

aluminium is more reactive than carbon

To lower melting point

oxidation because electrons are lost

anode electrode is made from carbon/graphite

Molten or aqueous solution of ionic compound that

Hydrogen is pro produced at the cathode

Cu(aq) + 2e– Cu(s)

(a pink / brown) solid / deposit forms 1

bubbles / fizzing (at the anode)

A green gas would be seen (on the anode)

The breakdown of an (ionic) compound by (the passage of)

impure copper 1 pure copper

aqueous copper sulfate

silver (impurities) fall to the bottom of the cell

zinc impurities dissolve into solution as ion

because zinc is more reactive than copper AND silver

bauxite/Aluminium oxide is dissolved in molten cryolite

carbon or graphite anode reacts with oxygen / burns (in oxygen)

food containers OR cooking foil

To lowers melting point

Aluminium is higher in the reactivity series than copper so

oxygen reacts with carbon (anode) to form carbon dioxide

protective oxide layer

aluminium has a low density / light

high energy costs in extraction of sodium by electrolysis

reduce temperature / reduce melting point (to 900/1000°C)

they burn (away) / react with oxygen to form carbon dioxide

hydrogen formed / aluminium above

pure copper impure copper

aqueous copper sulphate

*to replace chromium ions (used to plate steel)

bubbles of colourless gases

twice as much hydrogen than oxygen

opposites attract/ hydrogen ions are positive,H+;

(red or blue) litmus;

chlorine is soluble/ chlorine dissolves

bulb lights / silver-grey liquid or solid forms / bubbles;

bleaches / turns white

fume cupboard/well-ventilated area

clean/remove dirt/ impurities

aqueous nickel salt e.g nickel(II)nitrate

bulb lights or (silver) deposit on key

rinse with water and suitable method to dry e.g. oven/

You might also like