MP-03 SOFTWARE LAB – I Yogesh Nangru

Ph.D. (Electronics & Communication Engineering) – Course Work Roll No – 11239526

PRACTICAL-1
AIM: Create a document and perform the following word processing operations:
• Insert footnote and endnote
• Change a paragraph into two column paragraph
• Insert page number at the bottom
• Insert Bullets and numbering
• Import graphic image and use drawing tools
• Insert Page break and Table break
SOLUTION: INSERT FOOTNOTE AND ENDNOTE FOR THE SAME:
All the chemicals used during the experimental work were of analytical grade. The essential
chemicals like Zirconium Oxychloride, Antimony trichloride, Sodium Tungsten and Ceric Sulphate
procured from Himedia chemicals; India was obtained from Himedia chemicals, India.
Step 1: Place the cursor where footnote mark should be located.
Step 2: Open the footnote and endnote dialog box from REFERENCES tab.
Step 3: In the footnote and endnote dialog box, select FOOTNOTES in location option as shown in
Figure 1.1.1.

Figure -1.1.1 Figure-1.1.2

Step 4: Click on INSERT.

Step 5: Enter the footnote text.
Step 6: Place the cursor where ENDNOTE mark should be located.
Step 7: In the footnote and endnote dialog box, select ENDNOTES in location option. As
shown in Figure 1.1.2.

Step 8: Click on INSERT.

Step 9: Enter the endnote text.

CHANGE A PARAGRAPH INTO TWO COLUMN PARAGRAPH:

Solution:. All the chemicals used during the experimental work were of analytical grade. The
essential chemicals like Zirconium Oxychloride, Antimony trichloride, Sodium Tungsten and Ceric
Sulphate procured from Himedia chemicals; India was obtained from Himedia chemicals, India.
Step 1: Select the typed text.
Step 2: On the page layout tab, select the COLUMNS option.
Step 3: In the columns dialog box, under the presets option select TWO as shown in Figure 1.2.1.
Step 4: Click on OK.
 Figure-1.2.1
INSERT PAGE NUMBER AT THE BOTTOM:
Solution: All the chemicals used during the experimental work were of analytical grade. The
essential chemicals like Zirconium Oxychloride, Antimony trichloride, Sodium Tungsten and Ceric
Sulphate procured from Himedia chemicals; India was obtained from Himedia chemicals, India.

Step 1: On the insert tab, select the PAGE NUMBER option.

Step 2: Click on bottom of page option, select the desired design as shown in Figure 1.3.1.

Figure-1.3.1

INSERT BULLETS AND NUMBERING:

Solution: All the chemicals used during the experimental work were of analytical grade. The
essential chemicals like Zirconium Oxychloride, Antimony trichloride, Sodium Tungsten and Ceric
Sulphate procured from Himedia chemicals; India was obtained from Himedia chemicals, India.
Step 1: Select the text.
Step 2: Click on the down arrow of Numbering Button or Bullets Button in the Paragraph group
of Home Tab. A dialog box will appear as shown in Figure 1.4.1 and 1.4.2.
Step 3: Select the Numbering Style or Bullets Style of your choice from the dialog box.
Step 4: The result of adding bullets or numbering is shown as shown in Figure 1.4.3.

Figure-1.4.1 Figure-1.4.2 Figure-1.4.3

DRAWING TOOLS:
Drawing Flowchart (Shapes)
Step 1: Click on Shapes Button in the Illustration Group on the Insert Tab. A popup menu
display.
Step 2: Click on the desire flowchart shape and insert by dragging the (+) on the working area
shown in Figure 1.5.6.
 Figure-1.5.6
INSERT PAGE BREAK AND TABLE BREAK:
PAGE BREAK:
Step 1: Place the cursor where you want to start a new page. If you want to break up a long
document and insert a page break between paragraphs

Figure-1.6.1 Figure-1.6.2

Step 2: 2. Go to Insert > Pages > Page Break. Word will start a new page wherever the cursor is
shown in Figure 1.6.2.
TABLE BREAK:
Step 1: Create a simple table as shown in Figure 1.6.3.

Figure-1.6.3 Figure-1.6.4

Step 2: Put your mouse pointer in the row from where you want to split the table. As shown in
Figure 1.6.4.
Step 3: Click on Layout tab and then click Split Table Button which splits the table into two tables
as shown in Figure 1.6.5 and 1.6.6.

Figure-1.6.5 Figure-1.6.6
 PRACTICAL-2
AIM: Prepare a questionnaire for a research problem by using word processor – use
references, borders and shading, insert table and image, text alignment.
SOLUTION: Research instrument consisting of a series of questionnaire and other prompts for the
purpose of gathering information from respondents. This questionnaire is a survey regarding
Hetropoly acid basic details.

Heteropoly acid (HPA’S) compounds are the ionic solids having high molecular weight belonging to
the family of polyoxometalates and composed of a compact skeleton of metal-oxygen octahedral
anions as the basic structural unit surrounding a central atom. The octahedral are connected together
giving an extremely stable and firm framework of the heteropolyanions. The cations may be
hydrogen or any other metal ions. HPA’s represent a class of acid made up of a particular
combination of hydrogen and oxygen with specific metals and non-metals.

Questionnaire

1. HPA’S are ----------------- solids?

a) Ionic b) Non-Ionic c) Both d) None of the above

2. HPA’S represent lass of ---------?

a) Acid b) Base c) Both d) None

3. Hetroatom can be -------- ?

a) S b) P c) N d) All

4. element is the abenda atom in HPA’S

a) O b) N c) P d) Both A & B

5. HPA’S are belongs to the family of polyoxometalates.

True False

Name/Father name:
Contact no.:
Marks:
Result:

Reference:
https://laboratoryinfo.com/hplc/

PRACTICAL-3
AIM: Prepare a research paper of your research field as per IEEE / Springer / ACM format.
SOLUTION:

IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ROLE OF COMPUTER IN RESEARCH

10-deacetylbaccatin III as a convenient, alternative substrate for the improved synthesis of

methoxylated second generation Taxol derivatives.

Sonia Kamboj
PhD Scholar, MMU Mullana, Ambala, India

Abstract: This article describes a new, convenient, improved synthesis of the 2-debenzoyl-2-m-
methoxybenzoyl-7-triethylsilyl-13- oxo-14b-hydroxybaccatin III 1,14-carbonate, the key
intermediate in the synthesis of two new second-generation antitumor taxanes.

Key : 10-deacetylbaccatin III; Second-generation

taxanes; Natural products; Terpenoids; Antitumor agents.

1.INTRODUCTION

The antimitotic drugs Taxol (Paclitaxel) and Taxotere (docetaxel) are two of the best anticancer
agents in clinical use today for the treatment of ovarian cancer, breast cancer, and nonsmall cell lung
cancer. Paclitaxel and docetaxel suffer from a series of disadvantages, including poor water
solubility and the quick development of resistance,1 that have fuelled the search for analogues
endowed with a better clinical profile.
In this context, we recently published the synthesis of two new biologically active compounds (1
and 2, Figure. 1),2 the methoxylated analogues of the norstatin esters IDN5109 and IDN5390 (3 and
4, respectively; Figure. 1)3 which have recently emerged as interesting clinical candidates to
overcome resistance to paclitaxel and to allow oral administration.

The synthesis of both compounds 1 and 2 was accomplished starting from the naturally occurring
10-deacetylbaccatin III 5 (Scheme 1), through the key intermediate 6.

The synthesis of 6 from 5 proceeded in an unsatisfactory overall yield (7%), due to the presence of
two critical steps. In fact, since 10-deacetylbaccatin III lacks the boxygen at C-14, the procedure
required the diastereo

Selective b-hydroxylation, followed by carbonylation of the crude 1,14-diol,4 with a low overall
yield (30%). This prompted us to explore an alternative synthesis for the key compound 6, with the
aim of avoiding the diastereoselective hydroxylation step and, in this way, to increase the yield of
the synthesis. The new approach started
from the readily available 14b-hydroxy-10 deacetylbaccatin III (7), a naturally occurring taxane
isolated from Taxus wallichiana Zucc.5 which, compared to 10-deacetylbaccatin III, shows an
additional b-hydroxyl group at C-14.

II. Research in Taxol

The first step of our procedure was the selective acetylation of the 10-hydroxyl group, which was
carried out by treatment with Ac2O in the presence of CeCl3Æ7H2O,6 which gave compound 8
with a 98% yield, followed by
the selective silylation of the 7-hydroxyl group7
(Scheme 2) to give 9 (55%). The obtained compound 9 was then debenzoylated at C-2 by treatment
with benzyltrimethylammonium hydroxide (Triton B)8 giving the polyhydroxylated compound 10.
The crude 10 was then selectively carbonylated at 1,14 with triphosgene9 to yield compound 11
(56% from 9). The latter was selectively oxidized at C-13 by treating with Nmethylmorpholine- N-
oxide and a catalytic amount of OsO4,10 to yield ketone 12 (93%, Scheme 2). Finally, 12 was
benzoylated at C-2 with anisic acid,11 allowing the target compound 6 to be obtained in an
acceptable yield of 40% (Scheme 2).12 It is worth noting that, as far as we know, the benzoylation
at C-2 of a taxane,
in the presence of the 1,14-carbonate, has never been reported before. The limited yield of this step
is probably due to the steric hindrance that the 1,14-carbonate and the 4-acetate are exerting on the
C-2 hydroxyl group. The overall yield of the synthesis was 11%, which represents a significant
increase (>50%) compared to 7% of the previous procedure. Additionally, the chance to have two
approaches for the synthesis of highly active antitumor taxanes, from different naturally occurring
compounds, could be very useful since the restricted availability of the starting material is, usually,
one of the main limiting factor.13
 In summary, a convenient preparation of the key
intermediate 6 has been reported; the method includes
the first benzoylation at C-2 of a taxane carrying a
1,14 carbonate. This synthetic procedure starts from a
different precursor and involves simpler chemistry
compared with those from 10-deacetylbaccatin III.
Moreover, a substantial increase of the yield (>50%)
with respect to the previous procedure is the crucial
advantage of this method. Further studies on the synthesis of antitumor taxanes are in progress.

Scheme 2. Synthesis of 6 from 14b-hydroxy-10-deacetylbaccatin III (7). Reagents and conditions:

(a) Ac2O, CeCl3Æ7H2O, THF, overnight, 98%; (b) TESCl, pyridine, overnight, 55%; (c) Triton B,
DCM, 78 °C 1.5 h; (d) triphosgene, pyridine, DCM, 0 °C, 10 min, 56%; (e) N-methylmorpholine-N-
oxide, OsO4, acetone, 0 _C! rt, 1 h, 93%; (f) anisic acid, DCC, DMAP, toluene, 60 °C, 2.5 h, 40%.

III. CONCLUSION
In conclusion, a series of analogues of paclitaxel have been synthesized modified at the C-30-NH,
C-2 and C- 10 positions. It appears that simultaneously modifying two substituents on the paclitaxel
system produces effects on the bioactivity of paclitaxel which are not simply the sum of the effects
of the individual modifications.
The reasons for this complex situation are not currently understood, and additional studies in this
area are needed.

References

[1] Rowinsky, E. K.; Donehower, R. C. N.

Engl.J. Med. 1995, 332, 1004.

[2] (a) Eckstein, J. W. IDrugs 2004, 7, 575;

(b) Miller, M. L.; Ojima, I. Chem. Rec. 2001, 1, 195;

[3] Barboni, L.; Ballini, R.; Giarlo, G.; Appendino, G.;

Fontana, G.; Bombardelli, E. Bioorg. Med. Chem.
Lett. 2005, 15, 5182.

[4] Baldelli, E.; Battaglia, A.; Bombardelli, E.; Carenzi, G.;

Fontana, G.; Gambini, A.; Gelmi, M. L.; Guerrini, A.
Pocar, D. J. Org. Chem. 2003, 68, 9773.
 PRACTICAL-4
AIM: Create a spreadsheet to store Marks of the students of a class. Calculate Percentage
and computer their division according to following criteria:
Percentage >= 60% then First Division
50<= Percentage <60 then Second division
40 <= Percentage <50 then Third Division
Otherwise Fail.
Also mark the failed students as Red.

SOLUTION: STEPS TO START THE MICROSOFT EXCEL2007 ARE:

Step 1: Click on the Start Button.
Step 2: Select the option All Programs.
Step 3: Click on Microsoft Office.
Step 4: Click on Microsoft Office Excel 2007 as shown in Figure 4.1.

Figure-4.1

The Excel window that appears on the screen is called a Workbook. It is assigned a name Book1,
by default.
CREATE A SPREADSHEET TO STORE MARKS OF THE STUDENTS OF A CLASS.
Step 1: Select the cell and enter the student record as shown in Figure 4.2.
.
 Figure-4.2
Step 2: Calculate Total marks of the students using formula as shown in Figure 4.3 and 4.4.

Figure-4.3

Figure-4.4
Step 3: Calculate Percentage as shown in Figure 4.5 and 4.6.

Figure-4.5
 Figure-4.6

Step 4: Calculate Division as shown in Figure 4.7 and 4.8.

Figure-4.7

Figure-4.8
Step 5: Go to Home Tab to apply Conditional Formatting to mark the failed student as Red as
shown in Figure 4.9, 4.10 and 4.11.

Figure-4.9
Figure-4.10

Figure-4.11
 PRACTICAL-5
AIM: Create a list in a spreadsheet in the given below format:
Name Month Amount
Kishor Jan 3,500
Haran Jan 8,900
Kishor Feb 7,800
Janaki Jan 8,600
Haran Feb 6,700
Kala Jan 4,569
Lana Feb 1,200
• Generate a month wise subtotal and also draw a pie chart.
• Generate a name wise subtotal.
• Generate a pivot table.
SOLUTION: Generate a month wise subtotal and also draw a pie chart.
Step 1: Select the cell and enter the data as shown in Figure 5.1.
 Figure-5.1
Step 2: Click on Data tab & sort month vise data shown in Figure 5.2 and 5.3.

Figure-5.2

Figure-5.3
Step 3: Click on Subtotal command & generate a month wise subtotal shown in Figure 5.4, and
5.5.
 Figure-5.4

Figure-5.5
Step 4: Click on insert tab select chart type i.e. pie chart shown in Figure 5.6.

Figure-5.6
• Generate a name wise subtotal.
• Step 1: Click on Data tab & sort name vise data shown in Figure 5.7 and 5.8.
 Figure-5.7

Figure-5.8
Step 2: Click on Subtotal command & generate a name wise subtotal shown in Figure 5.9 and
5.10.

Figure-5.9
 Figure-5.10
Generate a pivot table.
Step 1: Select the data and click on Insert Tab & select Pivot table command and generate pivot
table shown in Figure 5.11, 5.12 and 5.13.

Figure-5.11

Figure-5.12
 Figure-5.13

PRACTICAL-6
AIM: Prepare Presentation slides (at least 5) to defend the synopsis for your research field
containing the following features:
• Use of Hyperlink and notes.
• Setting a Background.
• Different Animation effect for text and images.
SOLUTION: Step 1: Open Microsoft Office PowerPoint and prepare presentation slides as shown
Figure 6.1.

Figure-6.1
Step 2: For use Hyperlink click on Insert Tab and select any shape as shown Figure 6.2.
 Figure-6.2
Step 3: Now click on Action command for Hyperlink as shown Figure 6.3.

Figure-6.3
Step 4: For creating Notes click on View Tab & select Notes page as shown Figure 6.4.

Figure-6.4
Step 5: Now for Background click on Design Tab as shown Figure 6.5.
 Figure-6.5
Step 6: For applying animation effect for Image, firstly select image then click on Animation Tab
As shown Figure 6.6.

Figure-6.6
Step 7: For applying animation effect for Text, firstly select image then click on Animation Tab
As shown Figure 6.7.

Figure-6.7

PRACTICAL-7
AIM: Use web browser and research engine to download 10 relevant papers for your research area.
Step 1: Start>Chrome browser>Google> Science Direct

Figure-7.1
Step 2: Type title of searching material in first box as shown in following Figure and press on
Search. Download articles.

Figure-7.2

Step 3: Save all the articles in a folder.

Figure-7.3
 PRACTICAL-8
AIM: Create a Spreadsheet of the responses conducted in the Survey and enter the same on
spreadsheet of SPSS.
1. First Open the SPSS file. There are two views: Variable View and Data View.
2. Now open the Data view and enter the data of 15 respondents.
3. Then open the variable view, give variable name and if required then label the variables
 Figure 8.1 Data View

Figure 8.2 Variable view

Figure 8.3 Data View

 Figure 8.4 Data View

Interpretation:
There are two views in SPSS:
• Data view and Variable view.
• In data view enter the value of 15 respondents and in variable view give names to the variables.
• Then label the value as ‘1’ for male and ‘2’ for female.

PRACTICAL-9
AIM: Prepare Cross Tables and Charts from the same spreadsheet on SPSS.
Enter data into the SPSS file and perform the followings steps:
1. Click on Analysis on SPSS menu Bar.
2. Click on Descriptive Statistics, followed by crosstabs.
3. Select the test variable for which this test is to be done, by clicking on the arrow after
highlighting the appropriate variable to transfer it from left to right.
4. Click on OK.

Figure 9.1

Figure 9.2
 Figure 9.3

Figure 9.4

INTERPRETATION: The case-processing summary table tells about what proportion of the observation
has non-missing value for both male and female. In this sample, there are 25 missing value for male, female
or for both.
The second table contains crosstab and we can quickly observe the following interaction between two
variables. The frequency of male and female is 9 and 6 respectively.
Marks obtained by males are 24, 33,34,35,55,66,75,86 and 87 and marks obtained by females are 43,45,54,77
twice and 88. And the same results are shown with the help of bar chart.

PRACTICAL-10
AIM: Carry out and show the results of Univariate Analysis on SPSS including Normality
tests.
Enter data into the SPSS file and perform the followings steps:
1. Click on Analysis on SPSS menu Bar.
2. Click on General Linear Model, followed by Univariate.
3. Select the test variable for which this test is to be done, by clicking on the arrow after
highlighting the appropriate variable to transfer it from left to right.
4. Click on OK and it will show the output of Univariate analysis of variance.
Normality test
1. Click on Analysis on SPSS menu Bar.
2. Click on Descriptive Statistics, followed by explore.
3. Select the test variable for which this test is to be done, by clicking on the arrow after
highlighting the appropriate variable to transfer it from left to right.
4. Click on Plots and Continue and click ok.
Figure 10.1

Figure 10.2

Figure 10.3
 Figure 10.4

Figure 10.5

Figure 10.6

Normality Test Results

Figure 10.7
Figure 10.8

Figure 10.9
 Figure 10.10
Interpretation: The sample size of male is 9 and female are 6. The mean marks of male is 62.2333 and female is
61.1667 with standard deviation as 1.90984e1 and 1.66423e1 respectively.

The sample are normally distributed as the value of skewness and kurtosis for male is .845 and 1.741, and for female is
.507 and .534, when value of skewness is divided by kurtosis the value comes for male is 0.485 and for female it is
0.9494, which falls within the normal distribution of -1.96 and +1.96.

PRACTICAL-11

AIM: Interpretation of the results of testing of hypothesis using t-test (one sample), t-test (two-
independent samples) and t-test (dependent samples).
11.1 T-test (one sample): It has only one sample. It tests whether the sample mean is equal to
specified value.
Enter data into the SPSS file and perform the followings steps:
1. Click on Analysis on SPSS menu Bar.
2. Click on compare means and then click on one-sample test.
3. Select the test variable for which this test is to be done, by clicking on the arrow after
highlighting the appropriate variable to transfer it from left to right.
4. Set the test value and confidence interval percentage.
5. Clicks on continue and then ok.

Figure 11.1.1
 Figure 11.1.2

Figure 11.1.3

Figure 11.1.4 Figure 11.1.5

 Figure 11.1.6

Interpretation: The sample size of tyres is 10. The mean of average life of tyres is 3.9730e4 with standard deviation
5341.25453.
Null Hypothesis: Average life of two tyres is same.
Null hypothesis is accepted, as p value is .877 which is greater than 0.05. So we conclude that there is no significant
difference between the average life of tyres.

11.2 Independent T-test: It tests whether mean of two groups is same or different.
Assumptions: Data are Independent and Normality outliers.

Enter data into the SPSS file and perform the following steps:
1. Define the SPSS variables you want to perform the T-test in SPSS.
2. Click Analyze Compare Means Independent Sample T-Test.
3. Select the dependent variable, and transfer it from the left window pane to the test variable
window by clicking on the arrow after highlighting the appropriate variable.
4. Select the independent variable, and transfer it from the left window pane to the “Grouping
Variable” box by clicking on the arrow after highlighting the appropriate variable.
5. Click Define Groups.
6. Clicks continue and then click OK. The test is calculated and the results will appear in a new
window.

Normality test
1. Click on Analysis on SPSS menu Bar.
2. Click on Descriptive Statistics, followed by explore.
3. Select the test variable for which this test is to be done, by clicking on the arrow after
highlighting the appropriate variable to transfer it from left to right.
4. Click on Plots and Continue and click ok.
Figure 11.2.1

Figure 11.2.2

Figure 11.2.3
 Figure 11.2.4

Figure 11.2.5 Figure 11.2.6

 Figure 11.2.7 Figure 11.2.8

Figure 11.2.9

Normality Test
 Figure 11.2.10

Figure 11.2.11 Figure 11.2.12

CITY
Case Processing Summary

Figure 11.2.13

Descriptive
 Figure 11.2.14

Test of Normality

Figure 11.12.15

Figure 11.2.16
 Figure 11.2.17

Figure 11.2.18

Interpretation: The sample size and mean of spending patterns of Delhi is 10(61) and Mumbai is 10(57.5).

Null Hypothesis: The spending patterns of two cities i.e. Delhi and Mumbai are same.

Null hypothesis is accepted, as p value is .230 which is greater than 0.05. So we conclude that there is no
significant difference between the average spending patterns of population of Delhi and Mumbai.

11.3 Paired T-test: it is used to test the difference of mean between same standard.

Enter data into the SPSS file and perform the following steps:
1. To run a paired sample T-test in SPSS, Click Analyze Compare Means Paired
Sample T-Test.
2. The paired sample T-test window opens where you will specify the variables to be used
 for the analysis. All the variables in your dataset appear in the list on the left side .Move
the variables to the right by clicking the arrow buttons after highlighting the appropriate
variable. You will specify the paired variables in the paired variable area.
a) Pair: The “Pair” column represents the number of Paired Samples T-test to run.
You may choose to run multiple Paired Samples T-tests simultaneously by
selecting multiple sets of matched variables. Each new pair will appear on a new
line.
b) Variable1: The first variable, representing the first group of matched values. Move
variable that represents the first group to the right where it will be listed beneath
the “Variable1” column.
c) Variable 2: The second variable, representing the second group of matched values.
Move the variable that represents the second group to the right where it will be
listed beneath the “Variable 2” column.
3. Options: Clicking options will open a window where you can specify the Confidence
Interval Percentage and how the analysis will address Missing Values.
4. Click Continue when you are finished making specification and Click OK to run the
Paired Sample T-test.

Figure 11.3.1

Figure 11.3.2
 Figure 11.3.3

Figure 11.3.4 Figure 11.3.5

Figure 11.3.5
Interpretation: The sample size of trainees before and after training is 10. The mean of IQ of trainees before training
is 24.1and after training is 29.7.

Null Hypothesis: IQ level of trainees is same before and after training.

Null hypothesis is rejected, as p value is .002 which is less than 0.05. So we conclude that there is a significant
difference between the average IQ of trainees before training and after completing training.
 PRACTICAL-12
Study the correlational between two variables-promotional expenses (Rs. Lakhs) and sales
(1000units) collected in the context of a promotional study.
Enter data into the SPSS file and perform the followings steps:
1. Click on Analysis on SPSS menu Bar.
2. Click on Correlate, followed by Bi-variate
3. Select the test variable for which test is to be done, by clicking on the arrow after highlighting
the appropriate variable to transfer it from left to right.
4. Select the appropriate option and then click ok.

Figure 12.1

Figure 12.2
 Figure 12.3

Figure 12.4 Figure 12.5

Figure 12.6
 Figure 12.7

Interpretation:
Null Hypothesis: There is positive correlation between promotional expenses and sales.

Here the correlation coefficient is .979. This promotional expense is strongly associated with sales
as the value of correlation coefficient is very close to 1.
The scatter diagram clearly brings into sharp focus the high degree of positive correlation between
promotional expense and sales.

PRACTICAL -13

AIM: Using demo spreadsheet on SPSS, explain the process and output of Factor Analysis.
Enter data into the SPSS file and perform the followings steps:
1. Click on Analysis on SPSS menu Bar.
2. Click on Data Reduction and then click on Factor.
3. Select the test variable for which this test is to be done, by clicking on the arrow after
highlighting the appropriate variable to transfer it from left to right.
4. Set the method of extraction and number of factors.
5. Clicks on continue and then ok.
Fig 13.1

Fig 13.2

Figure 13.3
 Figure 13.4 Figure 13.5

Figure 13.6 Figure 13.7

Interpretation: Factor Analysis

Descriptive statistics: The first output from the analysis is a table of descriptive statistics for all the variables
under investigation. Typically, the mean, standard deviation and number of respondents (N) who participated
in the survey are given. Looking at the mean, one can conclude that attendance is the most important variable
that influences student performance. It has the highest mean of 3.45

Descriptive Statistics
Mean Std. Deviation Analysis N
IQ 3.3500 1.34849 20
Attendance 3.4500 1.19097 20
Participation 3.2000 1.50787 20
Societal_aspects 3.1000 1.25237 20
Attitude 2.9500 1.19097 20
Health 3.1500 1.18210 20
Financial_constraints 3.2500 1.44641 20
Hobby 2.8000 1.28145 20
Experience 2.9500 1.35627 20
Knowledge 2.9500 1.46808 20
Figure 13.8
KMO and Bartlett's Test: KMO determines if the responses given with th sample are adequate or
not, and Bartlett test of Sphericity indicates the strength of relationship among variables. Here KMO
value is .387 which is less than 0.5, so it can be rejected. Bartlett test of Sphericity indicates the
strength of relationship among variables. Bartlett test of Sphericity is not significant as its
significance value is 0.029 which is less than 0.05. This means that correlation matrix is not identity
matrix.

KMO and Bartlett's Test

Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin Measure of Sampling Adequacy. .387
Bartlett's Test of Sphericity Approx. Chi-Square 64.578
Df 45
 Sig. .029
Figure 13.9

Communalities: It shows how much of the variance (i.e. the communality value which should be
more than 0.5 to be considered for further analysis. Else these variables are to be removed from
further steps factor analysis) in the variables has been accounted for by the extracted factors. For
instance over 66.7% of the variance in “Knowledge” is accounted, while 73.1% of the variance in
“Financial_constraints” is accounted.

Communalities
Initial Extraction
IQ 1.000 .364
Attendance 1.000 .549
Participation 1.000 .371
Societal_aspects 1.000 .554
Attitude 1.000 .582
Health 1.000 .001
Financial_constraints 1.000 .731
Hobby 1.000 .106
Experience 1.000 .559
Knowledge 1.000 .667
Extraction Method: Principal Component Analysis.
Figure 13.10
Total variance explained: Eigen value actually reflects the number of extracted factors whose sum
should be equal to number of items which are subjected to factor analysis. For analysis and
interpretation purpose one only concerned with Extracted Sums of Squared Loadings. Here one
should note that Notice that the first factor accounts for 24.412% of the variance and the second
20.439%. All the remaining factors are not significant

Total Variance Explained

Componen Extraction Sums of Squared
t Initial Eigenvalues Loadings Rotation Sums of Squared Loadings
% of Cumulativ % of Cumulativ % of Cumulativ
Total Variance e% Total Variance e% Total Variance e%
1 2.441 24.412 24.412 2.441 24.412 24.412 2.410 24.101 24.101
2 2.044 20.439 44.851 2.044 20.439 44.851 2.075 20.750 44.851
3 1.538 15.378 60.229
4 1.439 14.389 74.618
5 .863 8.635 83.253
6 .662 6.622 89.874
7 .470 4.695 94.569
8 .279 2.794 97.363
9 .175 1.749 99.112
10 .089 .888 100.000
Extraction Method: Principal Component
Analysis.
Figure 13.11

Scree plot: The scree plot is a graph of the eigenvalues against all the factors. The graph is useful
for determining how many factors to retain. The point of interest is where the curve starts to flatten.
It can be seen that the curve begins to flatten between factors 3 and 4. Note also that factor 4
onwards have an eigenvalue of less than 1, so only three factors have been retained.
 Figure 13.12

Component matrix: The table below shows the loadings (extracted values of each item under 2 variables) of
the 10 variables on the two factors extracted. The higher the absolute value of the loading, the more the factor
contributes to the variable. We have extracted thwo variables wherein the 10 items are divided into 2
variables according to most important items which similar responses in component 1 and simultaneously in
component 2.

a
Component Matrix
Component
1 2
IQ .528 .292
Attendance -.228 .705
Participation -.076 -.605
Societal_aspects -.394 .631
Attitude .655 -.391
Health .035 .001
Financial_constraints -.561 -.645
Hobby .326 .005
Experience .673 .327
Knowledge .803 -.146
Extraction Method: Principal Component Analysis.
a. 2 components extracted.

Figure 13.13
Rotated component matrix: The idea of rotation is to reduce the number factors on which the
variables under investigation have high loadings. Rotation does not actually change anything but
makes the interpretation of the analysis easier. Looking at the table below,one can see that IQ,
Experience, Knowledge, Hobby, Health, Societal_aspects and attendance are substantially loaded on
Factor (Component) 1 while Financial_constraints, Attitude and Participation are substantially
loaded on Factor 2.
 a
Rotated Component Matrix
Component
1 2
IQ .589 -.132
Attendance -.021 -.741
Participation -.242 .559
Societal_aspects -.202 -.716
Attitude .519 .559
Health .034 .009
Financial_constraints -.719 .462
Hobby .314 .087
Experience .737 -.125
Knowledge .730 .365
Extraction Method: Principal Component Analysis.
Rotation Method: Varimax with Kaiser Normalization.
a. Rotation converged in 3 iterations.

Component Transformation Matrix

Componen
t 1 2
1 .960 .280
2 .280 -.960
Extraction Method: Principal
Component Analysis.
Rotation Method: Varimax with Kaiser
Normalization.
Figure 13.15

Figure 13.14

PRACTICAL-14
AIM: Study the price distribution of products of four cities Delhi, Mumbai, Chandigarh, and
Hyderabad by applying ANNOVA on SPSS.
Enter data into the SPSS file and perform the followings steps:
1. Click on Analysis on SPSS menu Bar.
2. Click on Compare Means, followed by One-way ANNOVA
3. Select the test variable for which test is to be done, by clicking on the arrow after highlighting
the appropriate variable to transfer it from left to right in their respective Dependent list and
factor list.
4. Then click on options and mark checkboxes descriptive, homogeneity of variance test and
Welch and finally click ok.

Figure 14.1

Figure 14.2

Figure 14.3
 Figure 14.4

Figure 14.5 Figure 14.6

Figure 14.7
 Figure 14.8
Interpretation:
Null Hypothesis: The price distribution of products of four cities is same.

Null hypothesis is accepted as value of p is 0.098 which is greater than .05. Hence we conclude that
there is no significant difference between the price distributions of four cities.
Test of Homogeneity of variance: This significance value is checked to see data is normally
distributed or not. Here, p value is .833 which is greater than .05 it simply implies data is normally
distributed. If significance value p is less than .05 than we check Welch value to see the normality of
data.

MAHARISHI MARKANDESHWAR TO BE DEEMED UNIVERSITY, MULLANA

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