Chapter Objectives

✔ Determine the shear stresses in a circular shaft due to

torsion
✔ Determine the angle of twist
✔ Analyze statically indeterminate torque-loaded
members

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APPLICATIONS

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 Torsional Deformation of a Circular Shaft
• Torque is a moment that twists a member about its
longitudinal axis.
• If the angle of rotation is small, the length of the shaft
and its radius will remain unchanged.
TORSION FORMULA

• Assumptions:
– Linear and elastic deformation
– Plane section remains plane and undistorted

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TORSION FORMULA (cont)

• Linear distribution of stress:

• Torsion – shear relationship:

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TORSION FORMULA (cont)

• Polar moment of inertia

– For solid shaft:

– For tubular shaft:

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 READING QUIZ

1) Given the angle of rotation is small and the

materials remain linear elastic, which
statement below is incorrect for the torsional
behavior of a long straight circular shaft.

a) Section-shape remains unchanged

b) Straight member remains straight

c) Plane section remains plane

d) End of member may wrap

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 READING QUIZ (cont)

2) The unit for a shaft’s polar moment of inertia

J is:

a) kPa

b) m4

c) m2

d) m3

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 Power Transmission
• Power is defined as the work performed per unit of time.
• For a rotating shaft with a torque, the power is

• Since , , the power equation is

• For shaft design, the design or geometric parameter is

ANGLE OF TWIST

• For constant torque and cross-sectional area:

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ANGLE OF TWIST (cont)
• Sign convention for both torque and angle of twist
– positive if (right hand) thumb directs outward from the shaft

Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education South Asia Pte Ltd

STATICALLY INDETERMINATE >
-
ada I
equation equilibrium

TORQUE-LOADED MEMBERS and ada 2 unknown

• Procedure for analysis:

– use both equilibrium and compatibility equations

Equilibrium
• Draw a free-body diagram of the shaft in order to identify all
the torques that act on it. Then write the equations of
moment equilibrium about the axis of the shaft.

Compatibility
• To write the compatibility equation, investigate the way the
shaft will twist when subjected to the external loads, and
give consideration as to how the supports constrain the
shaft when it is twisted.

Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education South Asia Pte Ltd

STATICALLY INDETERMINATE
TORQUE-LOADED MEMBERS (cont)

• Express the compatibility condition in terms of the

rotational displacements caused by the reactive
torques, and then use a torque-displacement relation,
such as Φ = TL/JG, to relate the unknown torques to
the unknown displacements.

• Solve the equilibrium and compatibility equations for

the unknown reactive torques. If any of the
magnitudes have a negative numerical value, it
indicates that this torque acts in the opposite sense of
direction to that indicated on the free-body diagram.

Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education South Asia Pte Ltd

CONCEPT QUIZ

1) When the bar is subjected to the torque T, the

length L

a) remains unchanged

b) Shortens

c) Elongates

d) None of the above

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EXAMPLE 3
The solid steel shaft shown in Fig. 5–23a has a diameter of
20 mm. If it is subjected to the two torques, determine the
reactions at the fixed supports A and B.

External
I

aque
↑

carr C
Kara
bett
torgue

sini

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EXAMPLE 3 (cont)
Solutions
• It is seen that the problem is statically indeterminate since there is only
one available equation of equilibrium and there are 2 unknowns

1 equation 2 unknown
>
-

means statically Indeterminate

• Since the ends of the shaft are fixed, the angle of twist of one end of the
shaft with respect to the other must be zero.

jam sign dia-ve

#lawan arah

ikut arah jam sign dia Are

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 EXAMPLE 3 (cont)
Solutions
• Using the sign convention established,
5G dia nilai semua sama

Sebab cuma add I shaft

S
X
disebabkan ada

section
3 panjang
dia bagi

:
add

• Using Eq. 1,
⑪ >
-
Yong King

ari

②
• The negative sign indicates that acts
in the opposite direction of that shown
in Fig. 5–23b.
⑬

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 READING QUIZ

2) Which statement below is incorrect?

The angle of twist for a thin-walled tube having closed section is

a) proportional to the length of circumference

b) inversely proportional to the average thickness

c) inversely proportional to the square of the enclosed area

d) proportional to the shear modulus G

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APPLICATIONS

Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education South Asia Pte Ltd

Tow inner
,
↑

Formula

↑
P Ower
*
bolch hatal
bolch derive
 formula shear
L =
30M
Stress
, Tow I ,

=
= 2000 kW
formula 5 = (1)
N =
1700 PM solid

J = (outer-rinet e
formula
10mm
Thickness
=

w =

/) rad)
internaorgue

Torsion , T
of (2000) (178 02)

↓
.

- 178 .
02 rad/s
=
3 56
. x
10 KNOM

P-Tw
T (178 02)
.

2000kw =
 formula shear
formula 5 = (1)
Stress
, Tow E ,

= &

solid

x
105) /0 005)
5 =

=(0005)4
(3
.

56
t
.

- ·
10

9 .

82x18-10 -
9 82
. X 10

- 1 813
. x 10 Pa

Angle
twist

formula

D =
02)(30)
=

(178 .

⑮82x10
10) I