1431) Guilds in Ancient India

Guilds in Ancient India
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KING
TAX
Cra$sman
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KING
ASSOCIATION
KING
GUILD
ASSOCIATION
Did Guild forma1on started in 4th Century BC & A<erwards

Harappan Civilisa1on
Coins
Inscrip1ons
There is no proof of guild forma2on Literary Texts
during Harappan Civilisa2on
GUILD
ASSOCIATION
Did Guild forma1on started in 4th Century BC & A<erwards

Harappan Civilisa1on
VEDIC PERIOD Coins
Inscrip1ons
There is no proof of guild forma2on Literary Texts
during Harappan Civilisa2on
GUILD There are many Buddhist texts which offer direct evidence of the
emergence of guilds & existence of many guilds.
Jataka Lalitavistara Milindapanho Mahavastu Angavijja
JATAK A Jatakas men1ons 18 guilds Name only 4

Wood workers Vaddhakis
Smiths Kam-maras
Locala2za2on of cra< Leather workers Chammakaras
Painters ChiKakaras
Village
name
Main Professional Jataka stories indicates that
Son’s professions sons tended to follow father’s
Inhabitants
profession.
SeShikula - Family of Merchant-cum-bankers.
State used to announce tax

concession and tax remissions
in order to aSract new guilds
KING
GUILD
Source of revenue
Abolished
State used Custom
to announce
Du1es tax
at
concession
ports in order
and tax
toremissions
promote Sungam Tavirta Cholan
Trade
Remover of Custom
Du2es.
KuloSunga I
CHOLA KING
WEAVERS GUILDS
Samaya, PaGagara, Saliya
Samayangal, Seniya
PaSagara.
Abolished
State used Custom
to announce
Du1es tax
at
concession
ports in order
and tax
toremissions
promote Sungam Tavirta Cholan
Trade
Remover of Custom
Du2es.
Tari-Kadamai KuloSunga I
Tari-irai
CHOLA KING
LOOM TAX
WEAVERS GUILDS
Samaya, PaGagara, Saliya
Samayangal, Seniya
PaSagara.
Dhanika Seni
GUILD
< Name of Guild > < Term used for Guild >
Seni Sangha Vrata
Profession Place Puga Nigama Shreni
Dhanika Corn Dealers
GUILD
< Name of Guild >
Profession Place
Dhanika Corn Dealers Mangramam Manigramam
Vaddhakis Wood workers Aihole Ayyavole
Kam-maras Smiths Shravas1 Shravas2
Chammakaras Leather workers
ChiKakaras Painters
Gavayaka Milkmen
Samaya / PaKagara Weavers
Gadhikanam Perfumers
Shresh2 Bankers
odayamtrikas Hydraulic Engine Workers
FUNCTIONS OF GUILD
Se[ng Quality Standards
Se[ng Fair Pricing Guild member Products
Banking Services
Judicial Services
Networking with Other Guilds QUALITY
Issue Coins
District Administra1on BAD GOOD
Pious Ac1vi1es
Affects the reputa2on Affects the reputa2on
of Guild Nega2vely. of Guild Posi2vely.
FUNCTIONS OF GUILD
Banking Services
Judicial Services
Networking with Other Guilds PRICE
Issue Coins
Prices needs to be fair and
District Administra1on consistent among members of
Pious Ac1vi1es a Guild.
FUNCTIONS OF GUILD
Banking Services
Judicial Services
Networking with Other Guilds PRICE
Issue Coins
Prices needs to be fair and
District Administra1on consistent among members of
Pious Ac1vi1es a Guild.
FUNDS
FUNCTIONS OF GUILD
Se[ng Fair Pricing Savings Guild member Products
Banking Services
Judicial Services
Networking with Other Guilds
Issue Coins
District Administra1on
Pious Ac1vi1es
FUNCTIONS OF GUILD
Se[ng Fair Pricing Customer Guild member Guild member Other Guild member
Banking Services Guilds had the power to seSle disputes between their members and in
Judicial Services the event of disputes with customers or other guilds.
Networking with Other Guilds SETTLE DISPUTE

Issue Coins
District Administra1on PUNISH
Pious Ac1vi1es Guilds had the power to
enforce penal1es against
members who violated the
rules of the guild.
SETTLE DISPUTE
FUNCTIONS OF GUILD PUNISH

Guilds had the power to
Se[ng Quality Standards enforce penal1es against
Se[ng Fair Pricing members who violated the
rules of the guild.
Banking Services
Judicial Services
Networking with Other Guilds Brihaspa1 Smri1 refers to
guilds me1ng out jus1ce to
Issue Coins
their members and suggests
District Administra1on that these decisions should,
Pious Ac1vi1es by and large, be approved
by the king.
BrihaspaB SmriB
Brihaspa1 Smri1 refers to

guilds me1ng out jus1ce to
their members and suggests
that these decisions should,
FUNCTIONS OF GUILD by and large, be approved
Se[ng Quality Standards by the king.
Se[ng Fair Pricing BrihaspaB SmriB
Banking Services
Judicial Services
Issue Coins
Pious Ac1vi1es Yajnavalkaya SmriB Manu SmriB
Yajnavalkaya Smri1, Manu Smri1 refers to

judicial role of guilds, and that they
Func1oned as bankers as well
Handicra$
FUNCTIONS OF GUILD
Se[ng Fair Pricing 1 2 3
Banking Services
GUILD GUILD GUILD
Judicial Services
Issue Coins Procuring Raw Material Merchant
Pious Ac1vi1es
Coins helped guild members to trade goods and

services without the need for bartering or
exchanging other types of currency, which could
FUNCTIONS OF GUILD be inefficient and 1me-consuming.
Se[ng Fair Pricing 1 2 3
Banking Services
GUILD GUILD GUILD
Judicial Services
Issue Coins
Pious Ac1vi1es
Some1mes, mul1ple Guilds come together

FUNCTIONS OF GUILD to issue a common coin.
Se[ng Fair Pricing 1 2 3 4 5
Banking Services
GUILD GUILD GUILD GUILD GUILD
Judicial Services
Issue Coins
Pious Ac1vi1es
Pancha-Nekame
FUNCTIONS OF GUILD 3rd Century BCE - 4th Century BCE

Se[ng Fair Pricing
Banking Services
Judicial Services
Networking with Other Guilds Pancha-Nekame
Issue Coins
FIVE Word Nekame / Negama -
represent coins issued by
Pious Ac1vi1es merchant guilds
This coin may have been issued jointly by 5 guilds.
FUNCTIONS OF GUILD Pancha-Nekame

Se[ng Fair Pricing
Copper Coins
Banking Services
Gadhikanam [ Guild of Perfumers ]
Judicial Services
Issue Coins SvasBka Symbol
Gavayaka [ Guild of milkmen ]
Pious Ac1vi1es
Coin of Rajghat
GUILD
FUNCTIONS OF GUILD < Cra$-persons Guild > < Merchant Guild >
Se[ng Fair Pricing
JATAK A HEAD HEAD
Banking Services
Judicial Services
JeShaka / Pamukka SeShi
Chief of the guild seems to be involved in the
Issue Coins
district level administra1ve bodies.
BrihaspaB SmriB
Pious Ac1vi1es
JATAK A Jatakas men1ons 18 guilds and suggest the

close associa1on of heads of guilds with Kings
Vinayapitaka
FUNCTIONS OF GUILD Shravas2 Puga

Se[ng Quality Standards [ guild ]
Regular supply of food MONKS / NUNS
Se[ng Fair Pricing
Banking Services
Judicial Services
Networking with Other Guilds INSCRIPTION
Issue Coins
District Administra1on Dhanika Seni
Pious Ac1vi1es [ Corn Dealers guild ]
MONKS / NUNS
CAVE
Early Medieval Period
FUNCTIONS OF GUILD GUILDS WERE VERY POWERFUL

Ayyavole Manigramam
Se[ng Fair Pricing
Banking Services Merchant Guild
Judicial Services Ayyavole ( The 500 ) / Ainnurruvar Merchant Guild of Tamil Country
Networking with Other Guilds Established in Aihole Karnataka and Membership cut across lines of
Issue Coins soon became the largest supra- caste and religion. They seems
regional associa1on of merchants. to have established a base at
There inscrip1ons are found in takuapa in Thailand
Pious Ac1vi1es Padaviya, Sri-Lanka, Sumatra etc.
Inscrip1on found
Early Medieval Period
FUNCTIONS OF GUILD GUILDS WERE VERY POWERFUL

Ayyavole Manigramam Anjuvannam
Se[ng Fair Pricing
Banking Services
Judicial Services Anjuvannam was an
Networking with Other Guilds associa1on of foreign
Merchants who were
Issue Coins ini1ally involved in trade
District Administra1on ac1vi1es on Kerala coast
Pious Ac1vi1es and later fanned out to
other areas.
KING
FUNCTIONS OF GUILD
Se[ng Fair Pricing An honorific 1tle bestowed by
Banking Services kings on ministers, nobles,
HEAD KAVITI and merchants.
Judicial Services
Issue Coins GUILDS WERE VERY POWERFUL
Pious Ac1vi1es
KING
HEAD
Did the king had right to interfere
in the affairs of guilds and punish
them in case of any issues ?
Yajnavalkaya SmriB Dharmashastra Arthashashtra
GUILDS WERE VERY POWERFULManu SmriB
State should have a strict

control over markets and Trade
Yajnavalkaya SmriB Manu SmriB Dharmashastra Arthashashtra
Yajnavalkaya Smri1 , Manu Smri1, Dharmashastra Texts & Arthashashtra give

king the right to interfere in the affairs of guilds in certain situa1ons & punish
the guilds as well.
State should have a strict

control over markets and Trade
Arthashashtra
Panya Sanstha Pautava Rupadarshaka

Adhyaksha Adhyaksha Adhyaksha [ Inspector of coins ]
Incharge of trade, including Superintendent of Incharge of ensuring
price fixa1on and sale of Markets the use of standardised
goods produced by state weights and measures.
run manufacturing units.
The Kau2liyan state was an Tex2le workshop Sutra-Adhyaksha
entrepreneur State Chariot workshop Ratha-Adhyaksha

1431) Guilds in Ancient India

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1431) Guilds in Ancient India

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Guilds in Ancient India

Did Guild forma1on started in 4th Century BC & A<erwards

Did Guild forma1on started in 4th Century BC & A<erwards

Jataka Lalitavistara Milindapanho Mahavastu Angavijja

JATAK A Jatakas men1ons 18 guilds Name only 4

State used to announce tax

Networking with Other Guilds SETTLE DISPUTE

FUNCTIONS OF GUILD PUNISH

Brihaspa1 Smri1 refers to

Yajnavalkaya Smri1, Manu Smri1 refers to

Coins helped guild members to trade goods and

Some1mes, mul1ple Guilds come together

FUNCTIONS OF GUILD 3rd Century BCE - 4th Century BCE

This coin may have been issued jointly by 5 guilds.

FUNCTIONS OF GUILD Pancha-Nekame

JATAK A Jatakas men1ons 18 guilds and suggest the

FUNCTIONS OF GUILD Shravas2 Puga

Early Medieval Period

FUNCTIONS OF GUILD GUILDS WERE VERY POWERFUL

Early Medieval Period

FUNCTIONS OF GUILD GUILDS WERE VERY POWERFUL

State should have a strict

Yajnavalkaya SmriB Manu SmriB Dharmashastra Arthashashtra

Yajnavalkaya Smri1 , Manu Smri1, Dharmashastra Texts & Arthashashtra give

State should have a strict

Panya Sanstha Pautava Rupadarshaka

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