ME 365-THERMODYNAMICS II – QUIZ 1 (20 points)

Solution
Note: please provide solutions to the questions on this same paper

ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS

QUESTION 1 (7 points) (ii)

A certain fluid at 10 bar is contained in a Substituting initial and final pressures and
cylinder behind a piston, the initial volume volumes, we write
being 0.05 m3. Calculate the work done by the
fluid when it expands reversibly: A B
(i) According to a linear law to a final volume 10  10 5  2
 (i)
0.05 0.05
of 0.2 m3 and a final pressure of 2 bar.
 A   B A B
(ii) According to a law, p   2     , to a 1  10 5   (ii)
V  V 0.12
0.1
3
final volume of 0.1 m and a final pressure of
1 bar, where A and B are constants. Solving we obtain
Sketch the processes on a p-V diagram.
A  0.04  105 and B  0.3  105
SOLUTION v2

(i) δW  pdV  W12    pdV

v1
v2

δW  pdV  W12    pdV

V2 V
 A B A 
2

 W12     2  dV     B ln V 
V1  V
v1
V V  V1
but p  aV  b
 A A 
V2
 aV 2
V2
      B ln V2  B ln V1 
 W12    aV  b dV     bV   V2 V1 
V1  2 V 1

 aV 2
aV 2
   1 1  V 
  2
  bV2  bV1 
1 W12   A    B ln  2 
 2 2    V2 V1   V1 
 V1  V2 a  bV2  V1   1 1   0.1 
 0.04  10 5     0.3  10 ln 
5

Determining the constants from the equations,  0.10 0.05   0.05 
p1  aV1  b and p 2  aV2  b  19,205.6 Nm  -19.21 kJ

 p  p2 
W12   1 V2  V1  The negative sign implies a work output.
 2 
 2  10 
    10  0.2  0.05
5

 2 
 90,000 Nm  90 kJ

The negative sign implies a work output.

ME 365- Quiz 1 Page 1

 ME 365-THERMODYNAMICS II – QUIZ 1 (20 points)
Solution
Note: please provide solutions to the questions on this same paper

QUESTION 2 (13 points) (b)

(a)
0.06 m3 of ethane (molar mass; 30 kg/kmol
and specific gas constant, R; 0.277 kJ/kg .K)
at 6.9 bar and 260 °C, is allowed to expand
isentropically in a cylinder behind a piston to a
pressure of 1.05 bar and a temperature of 107
°C. Calculate
(i) The ratio of specific heats, γ
(ii) The specific heat at constant pressure, cp
(iii) The specific heat at constant volume, cv
(iv) The work done during expansion.
The same mass of ethane at 1.05 bar, 107 °C is
compressed to 6.9 bar according to the law
pv1.4  constant . Calculate the final
temperature of ethane and the heat flow to or
from the cylinder walls during compression.
Calculate also the change of entropy during
the compression process.
SOLUTION
Final temperature is determined using,

T3  T2 P3 P2   3806.5 1.05

0.4 0.4
SOLUTION 1.4 1.4  650.7 K
γ 1
T2  P2  γ 1
n
γ 533  6.9 
  let n    
T1  P1  γ 380  1.05  P3 V3  P2 V2  mR T3  T2 
W23  
n  1 n  1
Taking the natural log of both sides 0.28  0.277  650.73  380
  52.48 kJ
1.4  1
533  6.9 
ln  n ln    n  0.1797    1.219
380  1.05 
Also
Q 23  W23  U 3  U 2  m  C v  T3  T2 
C p  C v  R  0.277 and γ  C p C v  1.219  Q 23  m  C v T3  T2   W23
Hence  0.28  1.265  650.7  380  52.48  43.4 kJ
C v  1.265 kJ/kg.K and C p  1.542 kJ/kg.K Process 2-3 is a constant pressure process.

Mass of Ethane present is given by T   650.7 

ΔS  S3  S 2  m  C p ln  3   0.28  1.542  ln  
P1V1 6.9  10 5  0.06  T2   533 
m   0.28 kg  0.0861 kJ/K
RT1 0.277  533

W12  m  U 2  U1   m  c v T2  T1  Hence there is an increase in entropy.

 0.288  1.265  280  533  54.2 kJ

Thus work output is 54.2 kJ.

ME 365- Quiz 1 Page 2