1600-­‐1947:

 India’s  Road  to  Independence  

 1600-­‐1947:  India’s  Road  to  Independence  

1600:  Bri)sh  East  India  

Company  is  formed   1611:  Bri)sh  establish  first  “factory”  
or  trading  post  in  Machilipatnam  
(Andhra  Pradesh)  on  Coromandel  
Coast  on  Bay  of  Bengal    

1608:  First  Bri)sh  ships  land  in  India  at  

Surat,  Gujarat  
 1600-­‐1947:  India’s  Road  to  Independence  

1612:  Bri)sh  East  India  Company’s   1615:  Sir  Thomas  Roe  signed  
navy  defeats  the  Portuguese  in  the   commercial  treaty  with  Jahangir  in  
BaUle  of  Swally  near  Surat,  Gujarat,   exchange  for  luxury  goods  from  Europe  
and  establishes  a  trading  post.     and  naval  protec)on  against  the  
Portuguese  sea  power  

1614-­‐1618:  Sir  Thomas  

Roe  stays  at  Jahangir’s  
court  to  press  for  
expanded  trading  rights  
 1600-­‐1947:  India’s  Road  to  Independence  

1661:  Portuguese  cede  Bombay  

1638:  East  India  Company   to  England  for  access  to  trade  
trading  post  in  Surat,  Gujarat  
becomes  chief  establishment  

1640:  East  India  Company  establishes  

trading  post  in  Madras    
1600-­‐1947:  India’s  Road  to  Independence  

1664:  French  East  India   1674:  French  establish  Pondicherry  on  

Company  formed   the  Bay  of  Bengal      

1668:  England  leases  Bombay  

to  East  India  Company  for  
10£  per  year.  
 1600-­‐1947:  India’s  Road  to  Independence  

1687:  East  India  Company  

moves  headquarters  from  Surat   1697:  London  weavers  aUack  
to  Bombay   East  India  Company  
headquarters  in  protest  of  
imported  tex)les  from  India      

1690:  East  India  Company  establishes  

trading  post  in  Kalikata  (CalcuUa/
Kolkata)    
 1600-­‐1947:  India’s  Road  to  Independence  

1757:  East  India  Company  takes  

1751:  Robert  Clive  defeats  the   control  of  Bengal;  millions  
Nawab  of  Arcot  and  his  French   displaced  
allies  in  south  India  

1757:  Robert  Clive  defeats  the  

Nawab  of  Bengal  at  the  BaUle  
of  Plassey  
 1600-­‐1947:  India’s  Road  to  Independence  

1780:  Tipu  Sultan  defeats  the  East  

India  Company  army  at  the  BaUle  of  
1773:  Warren   Pollilur  
Has)ngs  becomes  first  
Governor-­‐General  of  
India  
1775-­‐1782:  First  Anglo-­‐Maratha  
War;  Marathas  defeated  Bri)sh  &  
Treaty  of  Salbai  signed  and  land  
returned  to  Maratha  kingdom  
1600-­‐1947:  India’s  Road  to  Independence  

1799:  Tipu  Sultan  defeated  at  his  

capital  in  Srirangapagnam  by  
East  India  Company  forces  
1786:  Sir  William  Jones  
iden)fies  Indo-­‐European  
language  family,  showing  
common  root  between  
north  Indian  &  European  
languages  
1787:  Warren  Has)ngs  
tried  and  impeached  for  
corrup)on  (acquiUed  in  
1795)  
 1600-­‐1947:  India’s  Road  to  Independence  

1803-­‐1805:  Second  Anglo-­‐Maratha  

War;  Bri)sh  defeat  Marathas  and   1817-­‐1818:  Third  Anglo-­‐
East  India  Company  gains  much   Maratha  War;  Bri)sh  defeated  
land,  including  Delhi  and  Agra   the  Marathas  marking  an  end  
to  the  empire;  most  of  India  
now  under  Bri)sh  control.  

1813:   Charter   Act   of   1813  

allowed   Chris)an   missionaries  
into  India,  provided  an  educa)on  
system,   and   ended   East   India  
Company’s   monopoly   on   trade,  
except  for  tea  
 1600-­‐1947:  India’s  Road  to  Independence  

1828:  Ram  Mohan  Roy  

establishes  the  Brahmo  Samaj  in  
CalcuUa  to  ini)ate  religious  and   1835:  Thomas  Macaulay’s    
social  reform   educa)on  system  replaces  
tradi)onal  learning;  English  
becomes  official  language  of  
government    
1835:  Civil  Service  Jobs  in  India  
open  to  Indian  ci)zens  
 1600-­‐1947:  India’s  Road  to  Independence  

1837:  Bri)sh  government   1845-­‐6:  First  Anglo-­‐Sikh  War;  

formalizes  system  of  Indian   Bri)sh  defeated  Sikhs  and  gained  
indentured  labor     much  land  in  the  Punjab  and  all  of  
Kashmir.    

1843:  East  India  Company  army  

conquers  the  Sindh  region  
 1600-­‐1947:  India’s  Road  to  Independence  

1848-­‐9:  Second  Anglo-­‐Sikh  war;  Bri)sh  

defeat  Sikhs  and  take  the  remainder  of  
the  Punjab  and  NW  Fron)er;  Kashmir  is  
sold  to  Maharaja  of  Jammu  

1857-­‐1858:  “Sepoy  Mu)ny”  or  “India’s  First  

War  of  Independence”  
1600-­‐1947:  India’s  Road  to  Independence  

1858:  East  India  Company  dissolves  (1600-­‐1858);    

BriDsh  Raj  in  India  (1858-­‐1947)  
 1600-­‐1947:  India’s  Road  to  Independence  

1876:  Queen  Victoria   1883:  

assumes  the  )tle  Empress   Anandi  Gopal  Joshi,  perhaps  
of  India   the  first  Indian  woman  in  
1875:  Swami  Dayananda   America,  arrives  in  New  York  to  
Sarasva)  establishes  Arya   aUend  the  Women’s  Medical  
Samaj  to  revive  Hinduism   College  of  Pennsylvania  
within  Vedic  tradi)ons  
 1600-­‐1947:  India’s  Road  to  Independence  

1885:  First  Indian  Na)onal  Congress  

meets  in  Bombay  

1898:  (Lokmanya)  Bal  

Banghadar  Tilak    demands  
self-­‐rule:  "Swaraj  is  my  
birthright,  and  I  shall  have  
it!”    
1888:  Gurubai  Karmarkar  
begins  studying  at  the  
Women’s  Medical  College  of  
Pennsylvania      
 1600-­‐1947:  India’s  Road  to  Independence  

1900:   1901:  Mohandas  Gandhi  visits  India  

India’s  tea  exports  to  Britain   from  South  Africa  to  aUend  mee)ng  of  
reach  137  million  pounds  per   Indian  Na)onal  Congress  
year  

1905:  Par))on  of  Bengal  

1600-­‐1947:  India’s  Road  to  Independence  

1905:   1906:  
Swadeshi  Campaign  &   All  India  Muslim  League  established  
BoycoU  of  Bri)sh  Goods   in  Dhaka    

1913:  
Rabindranath  
Tagore  receives  
Nobel  Prize  for  
Literature  
1911:  
India’s  capital  moved  from  CalcuUa  
to  Delhi  
 1600-­‐1947:  India’s  Road  to  Independence  

1915:  Mohandas  Gandhi   1919:  

returns  to  India  and   Jallianwala  Bagh  Massacre  
establishes  Satyagraha   in  Amritsar  
Ashram  

1917:  Gandhi  founds  

Sabarma-  Ashram  
1920:  
Mohandas  Gandhi  begins  
Satyagraha  campaign    
 1600-­‐1947:  India’s  Road  to  Independence  

1924:    
Gandhi  released  from  prison  
1922:   on  medical  grounds  
Gandhi  arrested  for  
sedi)on  and  sentenced  
to  a  six-­‐year  prison  term  
1924:    
Gandhi  undertakes  a  21-­‐day  
fast  for  Hindu-­‐Muslim  Unity  
following  Kohat  riots  
 1600-­‐1947:  India’s  Road  to  Independence  

1930:  
1929:   Indian  Na)onal  Congress  calls  
Mother  Teresa   for  Purna  Swaraj  (“complete  
arrives  in  CalcuUa   self-­‐rule”)  
 

1929:  
Jawaharlal  Nehru  is  elected  
president  of  the  Indian  Na)onal  
Congress    
 1600-­‐1947:  India’s  Road  to  Independence  

1931:  
1930:   Indian  Na)onal  Congress  
Gandhi  leads  Salt  March  from   adopts  chakra  for  the  
Sabarma)  Ashram  to  Dandi,   center  of  the  flag  
Gujarat  in  protest  of  salt  tax  
1942:    
‘Quit  India’  resolu)on  
passes  All  India  Congress  
CommiUee  and  civil  
disobedience  across  India  
begins  
1600-­‐1947:  India’s  Road  to  Independence  

1944:  
Kasturba  Gandhi,  
affec)onately  called  
‘Ba,’  passes  away  

August  15,  1947:  

India  declared  independent