Brain Gate Report

A Technical Seminar Report On
“BRAINGATE TECHNOLOGY”
Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirement for the final year academic curriculum in Computer
Science & Engineering of the Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belgaum during the year 2023-
2024
BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING
In
COMPUTER SCIENCE & ENGINEERING

Submitted by
KUSHI M S (4MG20CS016)
Under the guidance of
Mrs. Sushma T N
Assistant Professor
Dept. of CS&E, GMIT
G MADEGOWDA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE & ENGINEERING
Bharathinagara , Maddur Tq ,Mandya District Karnataka - 571428
2023-2024
G MADEGOWDA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
Bharathinagara Maddur Tq ,Mandya District, Karnataka-571428
DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE & ENGINEERING
2023-2024
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the Technical Seminar entitled “BRAINGATE TECHNOLOGY” is a

bonified work carried out by KUSHI M S (4MG20CS016) in the department of COMPUTER
SCIENCE & ENGINEERING from G MADEGOWDA INSTITUTE OF
TECHNOLOGY during the year 2023-2024 as per the University requirement for the final year
academic curriculum. The Technical Seminar report has approved as it satisfies the requirement with
respect to the Seminar work prescribed for Bachelor of Engineering degree.
Signature of the coordinator: Signature of the HOD:

(Mrs. Sushma T N) (Mrs. Padmavati K)
Assistant Professor Assistant professor & Head Of
Dept. of CS&E,GMIT Dept. CS&E, GMIT
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I take this opportunity to express my sincere gratitude and respect to the G Madegowda Institute of
Technology Bharathinagara, for providing me an opportunity to enhance our knowledge through the
project.
I express my deep regards to our honourable Chairman Sri Madhu G Madegowda for providing me
an opportunity to fulfil my ambition in this prestige institute.
Principal I would like to express my immense gratitude to Dr Chandan B R, G Madegowda Institute

of Technology Bharathinagara, for his timely help and inspiration during the tenure of the course.
I express my sincere regards and thanks to, Mrs. Sushma T N Associate Professor, Computer Science
and Engineering, G Madegowda Institute of Technology Bharathinagara, or the encouragement
and support throughout encouragement the work.
With the profound sense of gratitude, I acknowledge the guidance support and encouragement to my
guide Mrs. Padmavati K, Assistant professor & HOD, Computer Science and Engineering, G
Madegowda Institute of Technology Bharathinagara.
Kushi M S (4MG20CS016)
DECLARATION
I, KUSHI M S, Student of final year B.E, in the Department of Computer Science and Engineering,
G. Madegowda Institute of Technology, Bharathinagara declare that the Technical Seminar entitled
“BRAINGATE TECHNOLOGY” has carried out by me and submitted in partial fulfilment of the
requirement during the academic year 2023-2024
KUSHI M S(4MG20CS016)
Department Of Computer science & Engineering
G. Madegowda Institute Of Technology
Bharathinagar , Mandya-571422
ABSTRACT
BrainGate Technology is a brain implant system developed by the bio-tech company‚ Cyber
kinetics in conjunction with the Department of Neuroscience at Brown University. The
development of the braingate system brain-computer interface is to enable those with severe
paralysis and other neurological conditions to live more productively and independently. The
computer chip, which is implanted into the brain, monitors brain activity in the patient and
converts the intention of the user into computer commands.
Brain gate will be the first human device that has been designed to record, filter, and amplify
multiple channels of simultaneously recorded neural activity at a very high spatial and temporal
resolution. When a person becomes paralyzed, neural signal from the brain no longer reach their
designated site of termination. However, the brain continues to send out these signals although they
do not reach their destination. It is these signals that the brain gate system picks up and they must be
present in order for the system to work.
Scientists are to implant tiny computer chips in the brains of paralyzed patients which could ‘read
their thoughts’. Brain gate consists of a surgically implanted sensor that records the activity of
dozens of brain cells simultaneously. The system also decodes these signals in real time to control a
computer or other external devices. The brain gate technology platform was designed to take
advantage of the fact that many patients with motor impairment have an intact brain that can produce
movement commands allowing the brain gate system to create an output signal directly from the
brain, by passing the route through the nerves to the muscles that cannot be used in paralyzed people.
CONTENTS
1. INTRODUCTION…………………………………………………………....1
2. NEURAL INTERFACE DEVICE SYSTEM …..………………………….3
3. HISTORY………………….. ……………………………………………….4
4. BCI TECHNOLOGY…….…………………………………………….……6
5. IMPLEMENTATION OF BRAIN GATE……………………………….….8
5.1 PRINCIPLE……………………….……………………………………....8
5.2 HOW DOES THE BRAIN CONTROL MOTOR FUNCTION……….....8
5.3 SOFTWARE BEHIND BRAINGATE…………………………………...9
5.4 SIMULATION AND RECORDING……………………………….........9
5.5 APPLY …………………………………………………………………..10
5.6 IMPLANTING THE CHIP……………..………………………………..10
6. RESEARCH AND CLINICAL TRIALS…………. ………….……..……..12
7. APPLICATIONS………………………………….. …….………………....15
8. ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES ………………………...…....16
9. FUTURE ENHANCEMENT…………………………...………….…….....18
10 .CONCLUSION ……………………………………….…………………..19
11. REFERENCES ……………………………………………………………20

BRAINGATE TECHNOLOGY 2023-2024
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
BrainGate is a brain implant system developed by the bio-tech company‚ Cyber kinetics in
conjunction with the Department of Neuroscience at Brown University. The development of
the braingate system brain-computer interface is to enable those with severe paralysis and
other neurological conditions to live more productively and independently. The computer
chip, which is implanted into the brain, monitors brain activity in the patient and converts the
intention of the user into computer commands. Currently the chip uses about 100 hair-thin
electrodes that sense the electro-magnetic signature of neurons firing in specific areas of the
brain.
The activity is translated into electrically charged signals and is then sent and decoded using
a program, which can move a robotic arm, a computer cursor, or even a wheelchair. Scientists
are developing the brain gate systems underlying core technology in the neuroport system to
enable improved diagnosis and treatment for a number of neurological conditions, such as
epilepsy and brain trauma. Brain gate will be the first human device that has been designed
to record, filter, and amplify multiple channels of simultaneously recorded neural activity at
a very high spatial and temporal resolution. When a person becomes paralyzed, neural signal
from the brain no longer reach their designated site of termination. However, the brain
continues to send out these signals although they do not reach their destination. It is these
signals that the brain gate system picks up and they must be present in order for the system
to work.
CS&E,GMIT Bhartinagara Page1

It is found that people with long-standing, severe paralysis can generate signals in the area of
the brain responsible for voluntary movement and these signals can be detected, recorded,
routed out of the brain to a computer and converted into actions enabling a paralyzed patient
to perform basic tasks.
Figure1: Silent Sound Technology
Scientists are to implant tiny computer chips in the brains of paralyzed patients which could
‘read their thoughts’. Brain gate consists of a surgically implanted sensor that records the
activity of dozens of brain cells simultaneously. The system also decodes these signals in real
time to control a computer or other external devices. The brain gate technology platform was
designed to take advantage of the fact that many patients with motor impairment have an
intact brain that can produce movement commands allowing the brain gate system to create
an output signal directly from the brain, bypassing the route through the nerves to the muscles
that cannot be used in paralyzed people.

CHAPTER 2
NEURAL INTERFACE SYSTEM DEVICE
The Brain Gate Neural Interface System is currently the subject of a pilot clinical trial being
conducted under an Investigational Device Exemption (IDE) from the F DA. The system
is designed to restore functionality for a limited, immobile group of severely motor-impaired
individuals. It is expected that people using the BrainGate System will employ a personal computer
as the gateway to a range of self-directed activities. These activities may extend beyond typical
computer functions (e.g., communication) to include the control of objects in the environment such
as a telephone, a television and lights .The Brain Gate Neural Interface Device is a proprietary
brain computer interface that uses an internal sensor to detect brain activity and external processors
that convert these brain signals into a computer-mediated output under the person’s own control.
The Brain Gate System is a hardware device that uses software. The sensor consists of a tiny chip,
smaller than a baby aspirin, which contains one hundred electrode sensors that each tap into
a separate neuron. Brain Gate senses , analyses, and transmits the data from the brain to an outside
system. This allows the user to interact with the outside world in a more independent way. The
ultimate goal of the Brain Gate System development program is to create a safe, effective and
unobtrusive universal operating system that will enable those with motor impairments to control a
wide range of devices, including computers, assistive technologies and medical devices, by simply
using their thoughts.

CHAPTER 3
HISTORY
After 10 years of study and research, Cyber kinetics, a biotech company in Foxboro,
Massachusetts, has developed Brain Gate in 2003. Dr. John Donaghue , director of the brain science
program at Brown University, Rhode Island, and chief scientific officer of Cyber kinetics, the
company behind the brain implant, lead the team to research and develop this brain implant system.
He studied the functioning of Brain gate in monkeys and proved that they were able to control a
cursor on a computer monitor with their thoughts. They have not only demonstrated in preclinical
studies that brain gate can remain safely implanted in the (monkey)brain for at least two years, but
have shown that it can safely be removed as well.
ABOUT THE BRAINGATE DEVICE
The Brain gate pilot device consists of a Sensor of the size of a contact lens, a cable and pedestal,
which connects the chip to the computer, a cart which consists of the signal processing unit.

NEURO CHIP:
Currently the chip uses 100 hair-thin electrodes that 'hear' neurons firing in specific areas of the brain,
for example, the area that controls arm movement. The activities are translated into electrically
charged signals and are then sent and decoded using a program, which can move either a robotic arm
or a computer cursor.
BrainGate Chip 96 electrode sensors
In addition to real-time analysis of neuron patterns to relay movement, the Braingate array is also
capable of recording electrical data for later analysis. A potential use of this feature would be for a
neurologist to study seizure patterns in a patient with epilepsy.

CHAPTER 4
BCI TECHNOLOGY
Brain computer interfaces determine the intent of the user from a variety of different
electrophysiological signals which include slow cortical potentials, P300 potentials or beta rhythms
recorded from the scalp.
Research on BCIs began in the 1970s, but it wasn't until the mid-1990s that the first working
experimental implants in humans appeared. Following years of animal experimentation, early
working implants in humans now exist, designed to restore damaged hearing, sight and movement.
The common thread throughout the research is the remarkable cortical plasticity of the brain, which
often adapts to BCIs, treating prostheses controlled by implants as natural limbs.
With recent advances in technology and knowledge, pioneering researchers could now conceivably
attempt to produce BCIs that augment human functions rather than simply restoring them,
previously only the realm of science fiction.

BCI v/s NEUROPROSTHETICS
Neuroprosthetics is an area of neuroscience concerned with neural prostheses using artificial

devices to replace the function of impaired nervous systems or sensory organs. The most widely
used neuroprosthetic device is the cochlear implant, which was implanted in approximately
100,000 people worldwide as of 2006. There are also several neuroprosthetic devices that aim to
restore vision, including retinal implants, although this article only discusses implants directly into
the brain.
The differences between BCIs and neuroprosthetics are mostly in the ways the terms are used:
neuroprosthetics typically connect the nervous system, to device, whereas the term “BCIs” usually
connects the brain (or nervous system) with a computer system. Practical neuroprosthetics can be
linked to any part of the nervous system, for example peripheral nerves, while the term "BCI"
usually designates a narrower class of systems which interface with the central nervous system.
The terms are sometimes used interchangeably and for good reason. Neuroprosthetics and BCI seek
to achieve the same aims, such as restoring sight, hearing, movement, ability to communicate, and
even cognitive function. Both use similar experimental methods and surgical techniques.
Based on the communicative pathway BCI is classified as follows:
One way BCI: Computers either accept commands from the brain or send signals to it
(for example , to restore vision )but not both.
Two way BCI: Brains and external devices can exchange information in both directions but
have yet to be successfully implanted in animals or humans.

CHAPTER 5 :IMPLEMENTATION OF BRAIN GATE
PRINCIPLE
The principle of operation of the Brain Gate Neural Interface System is that with intact brain function,
neural signals are generated even though they are not sent to the arms, hands and legs. These signals
are interpreted by the System and a cursor is shown to the user on a computer screen that provides an
alternate "Brain Gate pathway". The user can use that cursor to control the computer, just as a mouse
is used."
HOW DOES THE BRAIN CONTROL MOTOR FUNCTION?
The brain is "hardwired" with connections, which are made by billions of neurons that make
electricity whenever they are stimulated. The electrical patterns are called brain waves. Neurons act
like the wires and gates in a computer, gathering and transmitting electrochemical signals over
distances as far as several feet. The brain encodes information not by relying on single neurons, but
by spreading it across large populations of neurons, and by rapidly adapting to new circumstances.
Motor neurons carry signals from the central nervous system to the muscles ,skin and glands of the
body, while sensory neurons carry signals from those outer parts of the body to the central nervous
system. Receptors sense things like chemicals, light, and sound and encode this information into
electrochemical signals transmitted by the sensory neurons and interneuron tie everything together
by connecting the various neurons within the brain and spinal cord. The part of the brain that controls
motor skills is located at the ear of the frontal lobe.

SOFTWARE BEHIND BRAIN GATE

Software is necessary for transmission of the signals from the chip implanted on the brain to the
machine and for decoding these signals and to convert it to corresponding action by the machine.
The computers translate brain activity and create the communication output using custom decoding
software and the algorithms are written in languages like C, Java and MATLAB. The software is a
BCI based on trials which is a time interval where the user generates brainwaves to perform an
action. The signals are processed and associated to a given class and is done by feeding a neural net
with the pre-processed EEG data. Further the neural net’s output is processed and this final output
corresponds to the given class. The software has three operating modes and they are Simulation,
Recording and Training.
SIMULATION & RECORDING

The simulation mode is used to test the BCI. Recording is the same as simulation, with the
difference that the EEG data is recorded and used as training examples.

APPLY
Cyber kinetics ability to generate control signals and develop computer application interfaces
provides us with a platform to develop multiple clinical products. For example, using the Brain
Gate Neural Interface System, a person may be able to use his thoughts to control cursor motion
and/or replicate keystrokes on a computer screen. In another example, a doctor may study patterns
of brain electrical activity in patients with epilepsy before, during and after seizures.
IMPLANTING THE CHIP
There will be two surgeries, one to implant the Brain Gate and one to remove it. Before surgery,
there will be several precautionary measures in order to prevent infection; patients will have daily
baths with antimicrobial soap and take antibiotics. In addition, MRI scans will be done to find the
best place on the brain for the sensor. Under sterile conditions and general anaesthesia, Doctor will
drill a small hole into the skull and implant the sensor using the same methods as in the monkey
studies.
Patients will receive post-surgical care including a CT scan, some blood tests, and wound care in
the hospital for 1 to 5 days after surgery. After surgery, one of the study doctors will see the
patients at least once a week for six weeks, then monthly and as needed. A nurse will also check the
patients regularly and will always carry a 24-hour pager. The skin around the pedestal will need to
be carefully monitored during the study. Detailed instructions will be provided so that the patient’s
daily care provider can help with skin care.

"The sensor of the size of a contact lens is implanted in brain’s percental gyrus which control hand
and arm movements. A tiny wire connects the chip to a small pedestal secured in the scull. A cable
connects the pedestal to a computer. The brain's 100bn neurons fire between 20 and 200 times a
second .The sensor implanted in the brain senses these electrical signals and passes to the pedestal
through the wire. The pedestal passes this signals to the computer through the cable. The computer
translates the signals into a communication output, allowing a person to move a cursor on a computer
screen merely by thinking about it.

CHAPTER 6
RESEARCH AND CLINICAL TRIALS

Rats implanted with BCIs in Theodore Berger's experiments. Several laboratories have managed to
record signals from monkey and rat cerebral cortexes in order to operate BCIs to carry out movement.
Monkeys have navigated computer cursors on screen and commanded robotic arms to perform simple
tasks simply by thinking about the task and without any motor output. Other research on cats has
decoded visual
Brain Gate Research in Animals
Garrett Stanley's recordings of cat vision using a BCI implanted in the lateral geniculation nucleus
(top row: original image; bottom row: recording) in 1999, researchers led by Garrett Stanley at
Harvard University decoded neuronal firings to reproduce images seen by cats. The team used an
array of electrodes embedded in the thalamus (which integrates all of the brain’s sensory input) of
sharp-eyed cats. Researchers targeted 177 brain cells in the thalamus lateral geniculation nucleus
area, which decodes signals from the retina. The cats were shown eight short movies, and their neuron
firings were recorded. Using mathematical filters, he researchers decoded the signals to generate
movies of what the cats saw and were able to reconstruct recognizable scenes and moving objects.

There has been rapid development in BCIs since the mid-1990s. Several groups have been able to
capture complex brain motor centre signals using recordings from neural ensembles (groups of
neurons) and use these to control external devices, including research groups led by Richard
Andersen, John Donoghue, Phillip Kennedy, Miguel Nicolelis, and Andrew Schwartz.
Later experiments by Nicolelis using rhesus monkeys, succeeded in closing the feedback loop and
reproduced monkey reaching and grasping movements in a robot arm. With their deeply cleft and
furrowed brains, rhesus monkeys are considered to be better models for human neurophysiology
than owl monkeys.
The monkeys were trained to reach and grasp objects on a computer screen by manipulating a
joystick while corresponding movements by a robot arm were hidden. The monkeys were later
shown the robot directly and learned to control it by viewing its movements.
The BCI used velocity predictions to control reaching movements and simultaneously predicted
hand gripping force.
In December 7, 2004 Brain – Computer Interface had been clinically tested on human by
Cyberkinetics. The participant was a 25-year-old man who had sub stained a spinal cord injury
leading to paralysis in all four limbs.
Over a period of nine months, he took part in 57 sessions during which the implanted Brain Gate
sensor recorded activity in his motor cortex, while he imagined moving his paralyzed limbs.
He used that imagined motion for several computer – based tasks such as , moving a computer
cursor to draw circular shapes and play simple video games.

Nagle ,25 years old quadriplegic , the first human fitted with Brain Gate Neural
Interface.
Mathew Nagle’s Statement:
“I can’t put into words .It’s just--- I use my brain. I just thought it . I said ,”Cursor go up to the
top right ”. And it did , and now I can control it all over the screen . It will give me a sense of
independence. Nagle ,25 years old quadriplegic , the first human fitted with Brain Gate Neural
Interface.
After so many research and clinical trials , in May 2012 ,Brain Gate researchers published that
two people paralyzed by brainstem stroke several years earlier were able to control robotic arms
for reaching and grasping .One participant , Cathy was able to use the arm to drink coffee from a
bottle , the first time she was able to drink unaided in 15 years.

CHAPTER 7: APPLICATIONS OF BRAIN GATE
 MULTI DEVICE PATIENT AMBULATION SYSTEM
A sensor with a number of electrodes for detecting multi cellular signals, a processing unit configured
to receive the multi cellular signals and produce a processed signal, and transmit the processed
signal to a controlled device. This helps the patient in achieving movement.
 BIOLOGICAL INTERFACE SYSTEM WITH PATIENTTRAINING APPARATUS
The system includes a patient training apparatus configured to receive a patient training signal that
causes the patient training apparatus to controllably move one or more joints of the patient.
 BIOLOGICAL INTERFACE SYSTEM WITH SURROGATECONTROLLED

DEVICE
Multi cellular signals emanating from one or more living cells of a patient ,and a processing unit
configured to receive the multi cellular signals from the sensor and process the multi cellular signals
to produce a processed signal. The processing unit may be configured to transmit the processed signal
to a controlled device.
 LIMB AND DIGIT MOVEMENT SYSTEM
Data from the joint movement device is transmitted to the processing unit for determining a value of
a configuration parameter of the system and controlled cables that produce the forces required.
MENTAL TYPEWRITER
This application demonstrates how a paralyzed patient could communicate by using a mental
typewriter alone without touching the keyboard

CHAPTER 8: ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES
ADVANTAGES:
 The Brain Gate Neural Interface System is being designed to one day allow the user to
interface with a computer and/or other devices at a level of speed, accuracy and precision that
is comparable to, or even faster than, what is possible with the hands of a non-disabled person.
 The Brain Gate System may offer substantial improvement over existing assistive
technologies. Currently available assistive devices have significant limitations for both the
person in need and the care giver. For example, even simple switches must be adjusted
frequently, a process that can be time consuming.
 In addition, these devices are often obtrusive and may prevent the user from being able to
simultaneously use the device and at the same time establish eye contact or carry on
conversations with others.
 Potential advantages of the Brain Gate System over other muscle driven or brain-based
computer interface approaches include: its potential to interface with a computer without
weeks or months of training.
 Its potential to be used in an interactive environment, where the user's ability to operate the
device is not affected by their speech, eye movements or ambient noise; and the ability to
provide significantly more usefulness and utility than other approaches by connecting directly
to the part of the brain that controls hand movement and gestures.

DISADVANTAGES:
 The disadvantage of the Brain Gate System is that at this time, while still being perfected, the
switches must be frequently adjusted which is a time consuming process. As the device is
perfected this will not be an issue.
 There is also a worry that devices such as this will “normalize” society. The Brain Gate Neural
Interface System has not been approved by the FDA, but has been approved for IDE status,
which means that it has been approved for pre-market clinical trials. There are no estimates
on cost or insurance at this time.
 Difficulty in adaptation and learning.
 Limitation in information transform rate. The latest technology is 20bits/min

CHAPTER 9:FUTURE ENHANCEMENTS
 Future Brain Gate system products may control devices that allow breathing, bladder and
bowel movements.
 Development of second generation patient interface software that will enable users to perform
a wide variety of daily activities without the assistance of the technician.
 Development of a Brain Gate system which has a wireless interface between the implanted
server and the computer.
FUTURE OF NEURAL INTERFACES
Cyber kinetics has a vision, CEO Tim Surgeon explained to Gizmag, but it is not promising "miracle
cures", or that quadriplegic people will be able to walk again yet.
Their primary goal is to help restore many activities of daily living that are impossible for paralyzed
people and to provide a platform for the development of a wide range of other assistive devices.
Cyber kinetics hopes to refine the Brain Gate in the next two years to develop a wireless device that
is completely implantable and doesn't have a plug, making it safer and less visible.
Surgeon also sees a time not too far off where normal humans are interfacing with Brain Gate
technology to enhance their relationship with the digital world - if they're willing to be implanted.
Scientists have for the first time developed a brain implant that allows people to control electronic
devices by thought

CHAPTER 10 : CONCLUSION
The invention of Brain gate is such a revolution in medical field. The remarkable breakthrough
offers hope that people who are paralyzed will one day be able to independently operate artificial
limbs, computers or wheelchairs .The idea of moving robots or prosthetic devices not by manual
control, but by mere “thinking” (i.e., the brain activity of human subjects) has been a fascinated
approach. Medical cures are unavailable for many forms of neural and muscular paralysis.
The enormity of the deficits caused by paralysis is a strong motivation to pursue BMI solutions. So
this idea helps many patients to control the prosthetic devices of their own by simply thinking about
the task. This technology is well supported by the latest fields of Biomedical Instrumentation,
Microelectronics; signal processing, Artificial Neural Networks and Robotics which has
overwhelming developments. Hope these systems will be effectively implemented for many
biomedical applications.
WITH A BRAINGATE YOU CAN:
• Turn on or off the lights on your room.

• Check and read E-mails.
• Play games in computer.
• Use your P C.
• Watch and control your Television.
• Control a robotic arm.

CHAPTER 11
REFERENCES
1. Kirsner, Scott (12 August 2009). "CyberKinetics' Brain-to-Computer Interface Gets a

Second Chance". Boston.com. Retrieved 5 April 2021.
2. ^ Jump up to:a b "Neuroscience Research Systems Blackrock Microsystems". Retrieved 5
April 2021.
3. ^ Warwick, K, Gasson, M, Hutt, B, Goodhew, I, Kyberd, P, Andrews, B, Teddy, P and
Shad, A: "The Application of Implant Technology for Cybernetic Systems", Archives of
Neurology, 60(10), pp1369-1373, 2003 doi:10.1001/archneur.60.10.1369
4. ^ Legato, M Editor: ”Principles of Gender-Specific Medicine”, Academic Press, 2017
5. ^ Hochberg LR, Serruya MD, Friehs GM, Mukand JA, Saleh M, Caplan AH, Branner A,
Chen D, Penn RD, Donoghue JP (July 2006). "Neuronal ensemble control of prosthetic
devices by a human with tetraplegia". Nature. 442 (7099): 164–
171. Bibcode:2006Natur.442..164H. doi:10.1038/nature04970. PMID 16838014. S2CID 4
347367.
6. "Paralysed woman moves robot with her mind - by Nature Video". YouTube: Nature video.
16 May 2012. Archived from the original on 2021-12-22. Retrieved 5 April 2021.
7. "Clinical Trials". Retrieved 5 April 2021.
8. ^ Jump up to:a b "BrainGate2: Feasibility Study of an Intracortical Neural Interface System
for Persons With Tetraplegia (BrainGate2)". ClinicalTrials.gov. Retrieved 5 April 2021.
9. ^ Cuthbertson, Anthony (3 April 2021). "Scientists connect human brain to computer
wirelessly for first time ever". The Independent. Retrieved 5 April 2021.
10. Tanya Lewis. "Stanford joins BrainGate team developing brain-computer interface to aid
people with paralysis". Stanford School of Medicine. Archived from the original on 9
December 2011.


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A Technical Seminar Report On

COMPUTER SCIENCE & ENGINEERING

G MADEGOWDA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE & ENGINEERING

This is to certify that the Technical Seminar entitled “BRAINGATE TECHNOLOGY” is a

Signature of the coordinator: Signature of the HOD:

Principal I would like to express my immense gratitude to Dr Chandan B R, G Madegowda Institute

Department Of Computer science & Engineering

G. Madegowda Institute Of Technology

kinetics in conjunction with the Department of Neuroscience at Brown University. The

converts the intention of the user into computer commands.

present in order for the system to work.

2. NEURAL INTERFACE DEVICE SYSTEM …..………………………….3

5. IMPLEMENTATION OF BRAIN GATE……………………………….….8

5.2 HOW DOES THE BRAIN CONTROL MOTOR FUNCTION……….....8

5.3 SOFTWARE BEHIND BRAINGATE…………………………………...9

5.4 SIMULATION AND RECORDING……………………………….........9

5.5 APPLY …………………………………………………………………..10

5.6 IMPLANTING THE CHIP……………..………………………………..10

6. RESEARCH AND CLINICAL TRIALS…………. ………….……..……..12

8. ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES ………………………...…....16

11. REFERENCES ……………………………………………………………20

CS&E,GMIT Bhartinagara Page1

Figure1: Silent Sound Technology

CS&E,GMIT Bhartinagara Page2

CS&E,GMIT Bhartinagara Page3

ABOUT THE BRAINGATE DEVICE

CS&E,GMIT Bhartinagara Page4

BrainGate Chip 96 electrode sensors

CS&E,GMIT Bhartinagara Page5

CS&E,GMIT Bhartinagara Page6

BCI v/s NEUROPROSTHETICS

Neuroprosthetics is an area of neuroscience concerned with neural prostheses using artificial

Based on the communicative pathway BCI is classified as follows:

CS&E,GMIT Bhartinagara Page7

CHAPTER 5 :IMPLEMENTATION OF BRAIN GATE

HOW DOES THE BRAIN CONTROL MOTOR FUNCTION?

CS&E,GMIT Bhartinagara Page8

SOFTWARE BEHIND BRAIN GATE

SIMULATION & RECORDING

CS&E,GMIT Bhartinagara Page9

IMPLANTING THE CHIP

CS&E,GMIT Bhartinagara Page10

CS&E,GMIT Bhartinagara Page11

RESEARCH AND CLINICAL TRIALS

Brain Gate Research in Animals

CS&E,GMIT Bhartinagara Page12

CS&E,GMIT Bhartinagara Page13

CS&E,GMIT Bhartinagara Page14

CHAPTER 7: APPLICATIONS OF BRAIN GATE

 MULTI DEVICE PATIENT AMBULATION SYSTEM

 BIOLOGICAL INTERFACE SYSTEM WITH PATIENTTRAINING APPARATUS

 BIOLOGICAL INTERFACE SYSTEM WITH SURROGATECONTROLLED

 LIMB AND DIGIT MOVEMENT SYSTEM

CS&E,GMIT Bhartinagara Page15

CHAPTER 8: ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES

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 Difficulty in adaptation and learning.

 Limitation in information transform rate. The latest technology is 20bits/min

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CHAPTER 9:FUTURE ENHANCEMENTS

FUTURE OF NEURAL INTERFACES

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WITH A BRAINGATE YOU CAN: