BEAM DETAILS

Beam – is the structural member that support the transverse load with each end resting on a support.

Girder – term applied to a beam that support one or more smaller beam.

Classification of Beams:

Simple Beams – Beam having a single span supported at its end without a restraint at the
support. Also called simply supported beam.

Continuous beam – beam with two span with or without restraint at the two extreme ends.

Cantilever beams – is supported on one end and the other end projecting beyond the support
or wall.

T – Beams – when the floor slab and beams are poured with concrete simultaneously producing
a monolithic structure where the portion of the slab at both sides of the beam serves as the
flanges of the t-beam.

Combination of concrete and steel produces reinforced concrete.

When the area of concrete and steel are just enough to carry both the compression and the tension
forces simultaneously, the design is called “Balanced Reinforcement or Balanced beam”

The building code on Balanced Reinforcement so provides that:

“The Cross sectional area of steel reinforcement shall be equal to .005 times the cross sectional product
of the width and the depth of the beam.”

The compression and tension beam

The neutral axis is the horizontal line that divides the upper and lower portion of the beam.

For positive bending, the steel bars are placed at the lower portion of the beam. In those areas where
negative moment occur, the reinforcement is placed on the upper portion of the beam.

Two methods employed:

1. Bended reinforcing bar – Reinforcing bars are bent up on or near inflection points extended
to the top of the beam across the support towards the adjacent span.

2. Cut bars – straight reinforcing bars are placed on the upper portion of the beam across the
supports extended to the required length of about 1/3 the beam span from the face of the support.

Inflection points – the portion of the beam where bending moment changes from positive to negative.
It is usually located at a distance of about 1/5 to ¼ length of beam from the face of the support.
Spacing of reinforcing steel bars

The minimum clear distance between the main reinforcing bars should not be less than 25mm
nor less than 1 1/2 times the maximum size of the coarse aggregate.

When two or more layers are required, the clear distance between layers of steel bars should
not be less than 3 centimeters placing the upper layer directly above those at the bottom layer of
reinforcement.

Concrete cover allowance for beams should be 4 cm.

Web Reinforcements

Web reinforcements is the same as the stirrups used in beam to hold the reinforcing bars
together in its designed position.

Functions of web reinforcements include:

- to hold the reinforcements and provide support

- to resist diagonal tension and counteract the shear action on the structure.

Two types of web reinforcement:

- U – stirrups

- Closed Stirrups

DO’S – BEAMS & SLABS:

Where splices are provided in bars, they shall be , as far as possible, away from the sections of maximum
stresses and shall be staggered.

Were the depth of beams exceeds 750mm in case of beams without torsion and 450mm with torsion
provide face reinforcements.

Deflection in slabs/beams may be reduced by providing compression reinforcement.

Only closed stirrups shall be used for transverse rein. For members subjected to torsion and for
members likely to be subjected to reversal of stresses as in Seismic forces.
To accommodate bottom bars, it is good practice to make secondary beams shallower than main beams,
at least by 50mm.

Minimum and max. reinforcement % in beams, slabs and columns as per code provisions should be
followed.
SLABS: BEAM SCHEDULE
It is better to provide a max DESIGNATION @SUPPORT @MIDSPAN

spacing of 200mm(8”) for main

250 mm. 250 mm.
bars and 250mm(10”) in order to SECTION

300 mm.
300 mm.
control the crack width and
TB
spacing.
TOP BAR 3 - D16 mm. 3 - D16 mm.

BOTTOM BAR 3 - D16 mm. 3 - D16 mm.

A min. of 0.24% shall be used for
STIRRUPS D10- FOLLOW TYP. SPACING
the roof slabs since it is subjected
to higher temperature. Variations
than the floor slabs. This is 250 mm. 250 mm.

SECTION
required to take care of temp.

350 mm.
350 mm.
differences. B-1
TOP BAR
3 - D16 mm. 2 - D16 mm.

It is advisable to not to use 6mm BOTTOM BAR

2 - D16 mm. 3 - D16 mm.

STIRRUPS D10- FOLLOW TYP. SPACING

bars as main bars as this size
available in the local market is of
inferior not only with respect to 250 mm. 250 mm.

300 mm.
300 mm.
size but also the quality since like SECTION

TATA and SAIL are not producing RB-1

2 - D16 mm. 2 - D16 mm.
this size of bar. TOP BAR

2 - D16 mm. 2 - D16 mm.

BOTTOM BAR

D10- FOLLOW TYP. SPACING

BEAMS: STIRRUPS

A min. of 0.2% is to be provided 250 mm. 250 mm.

for the compression bars in order SECTION 300 mm.

300 mm.

to take care of the deflection.

CB
TOP BAR 3 - D16 mm. 3 - D16 mm.

BOTTOM BAR 2 - D16 mm. 2 - D16 mm.

STIRRUPS D10- FOLLOW TYP. SPACING

200 mm. 200 mm.

SECTION
300 mm.
300 mm.

EB
TOP BAR 2 - D12 mm. 2- D12 mm.

BOTTOM BAR 2 - D12 mm. 2 - D12 mm.

STIRRUPS D10- FOLLOW TYP. SPACING