In a variety of contexts, including residential, commercial, and industrial

ones, fans and ventilation systems are essential for preserving indoor air
quality and thermal comfort. For energy efficiency and interior
environmental quality, fans and ventilation systems must be optimized.
Utilizing computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations in advanced
fan design offers the potential to lower energy usage (Alizadeh et al.,
2018)

The growing understanding of the necessity for effective and sustainable

environmental control systems can be linked to the beginning of fans
and ventilation optimization. Ancient civilizations used basic forms of
air circulation, which led to the first ventilation and fan usage
techniques. However, the development of contemporary heating,
ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems marked the beginning
of the formalization of optimization methodologies. In the 18th and 19th
centuries, the Industrial Revolution signaled a crucial turning point in
history. Early fan and ventilation systems were created to address the
requirement for proper ventilation in workplaces. The foundation for the
optimization concepts we employ today was created by these systems,
notwithstanding their simplicity ("Energy5 Your Way", 2023).

Fan and ventilation control are becoming automated more and more. The
Internet of Things (IoT) and building management systems allow for
remote monitoring and real-time modifications based on sensor data
(Kynchkin, 2020). In conclusion, the optimization of fans and
ventilation systems has changed extensively over time. This automation
enables more effective operations and proactive maintenance planning.
Automation, powered by the internet of things and cutting-edge control
systems, is essential for assuring effective fan operation, adjusting to
changing conditions, and reducing energy use. Modern fan and
ventilation system management is based on the seamless integration of
automation technology, which not only enhances the performance of
these systems but also provides chances for data analytics and long-term
optimization.
Efficiency in energy use is a crucial component of appliance
optimization. Researchers have investigated a number of methods to
lower appliance energy use. The traditional electric infrastructure is
under a lot of stress due to the rising demand for energy, one of the most
significant sources of socioeconomic need. To meet this demand in both
the residential and industrial sectors, utility companies must overcome
many obstacles. Producing new generation units or making efficient use
of the available energy can both be used to resolve this issue. Compared
to the second strategy, the first is more time- and money-consuming.
Various plans for reducing energy usage have been put out in the modern
era as a result of the evolution of information and communication
technologies (Shawale et al., 2020).

Temperature Sensor
The temperature of a specific object can be measured with the
MLX90614 Contactless Infrared (IR) Digital Temperature Sensor,
which has a temperature range of -70°C to 382.2°C. Without any
physical touch, the sensor measures the object's temperature using
infrared rays, and it communicates with the microcontroller using the
I2C protocol ("Components101",2020).

The contactless IR temperature sensor with great precision that is the

MLX90614's distinguishing characteristic. As a result, it can be utilized
in industries to assess the temperature of spinning motor shafts and other
moving objects. It is also utilized in a variety of commercial, medical,
and domestic applications such room temperature monitoring and body
temperature measuring due to its great accuracy and precision
("Components101",2020).

The MLX90614 is made up of two embedded devices, one of which

serves as a processing unit and the other as a sensing unit. The
processing device, a Single Conditioning ASSP called MLX90302,
translates the sensor signal to a digital value and communicates using the
I2C protocol. The sensing unit, an Infrared Thermopile Detector called
MLX81101, senses the temperature. The 17-bit ADC, low noise
amplifier, and robust DSP of the MLX90302 enable the sensor to have
great accuracy and resolution ("Components101",2020).

References:
https://energy5.com/ventilation-systems-from-early-techniques-to-
modern-designs
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/342058285_IoT-
based_Mine_Ventilation_Control_System_Architecture_with_Digital
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/
S0378778817340847
https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/13/16/4266
https://components101.com/sensors/melexis-mlx90614-contact-less-ir-
temperature-sensor