TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC VINH ĐỀ THI CHỌN HỌC SINH GIỎI NĂM HỌC 2022-2023

TRƯỜNG THPT CHUYÊN MÔN: TIẾNG ANH; LỚP: 11

Thời gian làm bài: 150 phút, không kể thời gian phát đề
(Đề thi gồm 12 trang)

SỐ PHÁCH

Điểm bằng số: ……………………………… Họ tên, chữ ký GK 1: …………………………...

Điểm bằng chữ: ……………………………. Họ tên, chữ ký GK 2: …………………………...

SECTION A. LISTENING (50 points)

Part 1. You are going to hear a talk. As you listen, fill in the missing information. For
questions 1-15, write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS in the spaces provided. Write your
answers in the corresponding numbered boxes provided.
In 2010, South Korea experienced a particularly cold winter. People couldn't activate their
smartphones while wearing gloves, so they began (1)_____________________________, causing
one company to see a 40% rise in sausage sales. So, what could sausages do that gloves couldn’t?
In other words, how do touchscreens actually work?
In 1965, the first ever touchscreen was invented to help British (2)_________________________
efficiently update flight plans. However, the technology was too (3)_________________________
for widespread use.
Over the following decades, engineers further developed this technology and experimented with
alternative kinds of touchscreens. Soon, resistive touchscreens dominated the market. But then, in
2007, Apple released the first iPhone. It was a breakthrough, yet it functioned using the same
principle as the first touchscreen: (4)_________________________. Nowadays, capacitive and
resistive touchscreens are two of the most common types. Both use
(5)____________________________ to complete their electric circuits. In conductive materials,
electrons flow around atoms, forming an electric current. In contrast to insulators, the electrons in
conductors are (6)_____________________________ and flow easily. A resistive touchscreen has
two layers. The top is a clear, flexible material, usually plastic while the bottom is something rigid,
like glass. These layers (7)_____________________________ a conductive substance and
separated by a thin gap. When something pushes hard enough, the layers connect, completing the
electric circuit. This causes a change in voltage that the machine’s software reacts to. Resistive
touchscreens can be (8)_____________________________, but they're generally cheap and
durable, so they're favored for industrial or mass use. A vast majority of the touchscreens produced
in 2007 were resistive. But in the years following the iPhone’s release, most became capacitive.
Individual models vary, but smartphone touchscreens today typically consist of a
(9)_____________________________ glass exterior and an LCD screen at the bottom that
produces the images you see. Between the glass exterior and the LCD screen are several sheets. One
is lined with rows of a transparent, conductive material that carry an alternating electric current. A
thin insulating layer separates these conductive lines from others that are
(10)_____________________________. One on top of the other, the lines form a grid. The points
(11)_____________________________ are called nodes. The phone's battery draws electrons
along the first layer of lines, and some electrons accumulate at every node, creating a small electric
field. These screens are called capacitive touchscreens because the nodes act like capacitors by
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storing charge. They’re generally easier to use than resistive touchscreens because they interact
directly with your finger without the (12)_____________________________. Your body is a great
conductor and is constantly transmitting electric currents. Why? Because about 60% of you is
water. Now, while chemically pure water is an insulator, most water is impure. The water inside
you is loaded with ions, atoms or molecules that have a net electrical charge. So when you
click on an app, your finger functions like a third electrical line. It interacts with the existing electric
field, which induces a weak electric current that travels through your finger and eventually back
into the phone. This changes the amount of charge at the affected nodes. And voltage measurements
along the second layer of lines tell (13)____________________________ which part of the screen
is being touched. However, if you try using a smartphone while your hands are wet or gloved, you'll
probably have some trouble. Both interrupt the electrical connection between your finger and
phone. If water is splashed across the screen, it might trigger
(14)_______________________________, and the phone could act like you’ve touched it in
multiple places at once. On the other hand, gloves are insulators, so the charge has nowhere to go.
Meanwhile, objects that conduct electricity about as well as your finger, like banana peels and
certain (15)_______________________________, can all activate the screen - knowledge that can
come in clutch, when you’re in a pickle.
Your answers:

1. 2. 3.
4. 5. 6.
7. 8. 9.
10. 11. 12.
13. 14. 15.
Part 2. You will hear an interview in which Karl Mann, a university research scientist and
Laura Fern, a secondary school science teacher, talk about teaching people science. You are
supposed to do BOTH TASKS AT THE SAME TIME while listening. You will listen twice.
For questions 16-20, choose the answer (A, B, C or D) which fits best according to what you
hear. Write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes provided.
16. Laura Fern assumes that the people Karl works with
A. are not as bright as her students. B. are over sixty years old.
C. are similar to the people she teaches. D. are not as young as her students.
17. What does Karl think of the science curriculum Laura describes?
A. He approves of it. B. He fears it might put students off.
C. He thinks it sounds too theoretical. D. He thinks it will help students get into university.
18. In Laura's experience as a teacher,
A. girls have a deeper understanding of science. B. boys and girls perform equally well at science.
C. girls avoid getting jobs which involve science. D. boys and girls approach science in different ways.
19. Karl points out that the people he works with
A. need to pass tests and exams. B. have a limited length of time to learn.
C. attend his sessions from choice. D. are renewing an old interest in science.
20. How does Karl think his approach helps people?
A. It increases their belief in themselves. B. It helps them manage their daily lives.
C. It enables them to remain healthy. D. It enables them to understand scientific theory.
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For questions 21-25, listen and write TRUE if the statement is true or FALSE if the statement is
false. Write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes provided.
21. Karl Mann starts by talking about his work with non-experts.
22. School science seemed so challenging that all students found themselves stupid.
23. According to Laura, lab experiments on practical matters have been on the rise recently.
24. Changes to the curriculum as well as social perception are responsible for increased attendance
of girls in science.
25. Laura’s students are exempt from formal testing and assessments.
Your answers:
16. 17. 18. 19. 20.
21. 22. 23. 24. 25.
SECTION B. LEXICO – GRAMMAR (20 points)
Part 1. Choose the best answer to complete each of the following sentences. Write A, B, C or D
in the corresponding numbered boxes.
1. “Overcoming challenges, inspiring others” is the ________ of the Far East and South Pacific
Games for the disabled.
A. motto B. label C. philosophy D. buzzword
2. Relief workers _______ hundreds of crates of second-hand clothing which had been donated.
A. untied B. unveiled C. unpacked D. unscrewed
3. Without doubt, Jessica is _______ committed to excellence in education.
A. fiercely B. widely C. roughly D. openly
4. I kept trying to get my bestie to find a smaller apartment, but she _______ her ground.
A. gained B. stood C. reached D. hit
5. They all supposed that Mark was German, ________?
A. was he B. wasn’t he C. did they D. didn’t they
6. The COVID-19 pandemic has been kept in ________ by widespread vaccination.
A. touch B. control C. action D. check
7. It isn’t OK if your shoulder has been ________ for a couple of months.
A. acting up B. breaking out C. setting off D. backing away
8. Especially important to many people _________.
A. there is legislation against drunken driving B. is legislation against drunken driving
C. it is legislation against drunken driving D. legislation against drunken driving is
9. I’m very tired, ______ with travelling all day yesterday and having a disturbed night.
A. how B what . C. which D. where
Choose the correct answer A, B, C, or D to indicate the words CLOSEST in meaning to
the underlined words in the following question.
10. Los Angeles is rife with gossip about the stars’ private lives.
A. full of B. famous for C. subject to D. content with
Choose the correct answer A, B, C, or D to indicate the words OPPOSITE in meaning to the
underlined words in the following question.
11. The minister came under fire for his rash decision to close the factory.
A. was criticized B. was dismissed C. was acclaimed D. was penalized
Choose the correct answer A, B, C, or D to indicate the sentence that best completes the
following exchange.
12. Two students, Joe and James are chatting about time.
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Joe: "The weekend goes so quickly." - James: "I know. _______________”
A. I love watching TV all Saturdays and Sundays.
B. I can't believe that it's Monday tomorrow.
C. I have English lessons on Tuesdays and Fridays.
D. How about going out for a meal this weekend?
Your answers:
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12.
Part 2. Read the passage below, which contains 8 mistakes. Identify the mistakes and write
the corrections in the corresponding numbered boxes.
Line
1 Using a computer and a word-processing programme can help dyslexic students who have
2 problems with the outlay and organisation of written text. This sort of difficulty can be
3 corrected quickly in the computer screen, without the need for laborious rewriting text. The
4 word-processing software which provides a regular format and has margin control. Some
5 dyslexic students have difficulties in ordering their ideas in a logical manner, so their
6 writing has a clear beginning, a middle and an end. The disadvantage of a word-processing
7 programme is that paragraphs and sentences can easily be moved around, using the cut and
8 paste functions, in order to create a logically structuring text. Dyslexics can therefore focus
9 on one thing at a time, deciding why they are going to express their ideas first, and then
10 reworking them to form a coherent, flowing text.
Your answers:
Line Mistake Correction Line Mistake Correction
13. 17.
14. 18.
15. 19.
16. 20.
SECTION C. READING (70 points)
Part 1. Read the passage and choose the best answer. Write your answers A, B, C or D in the
corresponding numbered boxes.
I rarely act on (1)____, so when my grandmother, who has the most (2)____ demeanour of anyone
her age, suggested we go on a walking tour of Australia, I nearly passed out. ‘I’ve had a (3)____ ,’
she told me last night. ‘Let’s have an adventure!’ Gran is always telling me to make my (4)____ on
the world, as she wants me to (5)____ my potential. Sadly, I don’t have her optimism and think that
her belief is largely (6)____ thinking on her part. She wants me to be as courageous as she was in
her (7)____ , when she travelled through Africa alone. I was brought up with her amazing stories
about when she was (8)____ with life-or-death choices, all of which have been (9)____ to my
memory like a digital library. But truth be told, I have always felt somewhat in awe of her, as she
seems absolutely fearless (10)____ I seem to be terrified (11)_____ everything. Gran and my
parents have never (12)____ any demands on me and have allowed me to find my own way. They
have always been there to guide me but deep down I think they were all hoping that I would
(13)____ Gran’s example. When she came up with her suggestion, I found lots of excuses not to go
but Gran (14)____ a command at me: ‘Go pack your bag – one only. Nothing that (15)____ up too
much space!’ You do not want to argue with my gran when she’s like this. She looked up from the
computer. ‘I can get tickets for tomorrow morning, so go pack,’ she said, printing off our tickets.
1. A. intuition B. instinct C. impulse D. impression

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2. A. juvenile B. infant C. childish D. youthful
3. A. brainwave B. brainteaser C. brainstorm D. brainchild
4. A. sign B. mark C. success D. hit
5. A. gain B. grow C. fulfill D. earn
6. A. aspiring B. ambitious C. hopeful D. wishful
7. A. youth B. infancy C. adolescence D. childhood
8. A. encountered B. tackled C. faced D. joined
9. A. dedicated B. committed C. promised D. compelled
10. A. despite B. whereas C. otherwise D. however
11. A. from B. by C. of D. for
12. A. had B. made C. forced D. kept
13. A. practise B. make C. pursue D. follow
14. A. barked B. coughed C. groaned D. muttered
15. A. sets B. puts C. uses D. takes
Your answers:
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
11. 12. 13. 14. 15.
Part 2. Fill in the gap with ONE suitable word. Write your answers in the corresponding
numbered boxes.
How do scientists know (16)________ old an object or human remains are? One of the best- known
(17)________ they use is radiocarbon dating, (18)________ known as Carbon-14 dating. It was
developed in 1949, and quickly became an important tool for archaeologists and paleontologists
when dating things such as bone, wood, cloth and plant fibres - basically, (19)________ that
contains carbon.
Radiocarbon dating is (20)________ on a simple natural phenomenon. (21)________ the Earth's upper
atmosphere is hit by the sun's rays, nitrogen atoms are (22)________ into a form of carbon known as
Carbon-14 (C-14), (23)________ is different from the normal Carbon-12 (C-12) that exists in all
(24)________ things. C-12 is stable, that is, it doesn't change its form. C-14, on the other (25)________,
does change and for this reason it is called 'unstable'. Atmospheric activity, such as storms, (26)_______
the new form of carbon to Earth. Because it acts the same way as Carbon-12, C-14 enters plants
(27)_______ photosynthesis. Animals eating those plants take in Carbon-14 as well as Carbon-12. This
process continues as (28)______ as the plant or animal is alive.
The ratio of C-14 to C-12 remains about the same as the ratio in the atmosphere. When the organism
dies and is no longer (29)________ to take in C-14, the ratio of C-14 begins to gradually decrease. The
rate of decrease is half of the quantity at death (30)________ 5,730 years. That number is known as the
half-life of C-14. Using this technique, many materials can be directly dated.
Your answers:

16. 17. 18. 19. 20.

21. 22. 23 24. 25.

26. 27. 28. 29. 30.

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Part 3. Read the following passage and choose the correct answer to each of the questions.
Write your answers A, B, C or D in the corresponding numbered boxes.
WHAT LEADERS REALLY DO
They don't make plans; they don't solve problems; they don't even agonise people; that's the
managers' job. What leaders really do is prepare organisations for change and help them cope as
they struggle through it. Only organisations that embrace both the managers' efforts to promote
stability as well as those of the leaders' to support change can survive in turbulent times.
Leadership is different from management, but not for the reasons most people think.
Leadership isn't mystical and mysterious. It has nothing to do with having 'charisma' or other exotic
personality traits. It’s not the province of a chosen few. Nor is leadership necessarily better than
management or a replacement for it.
Rather, leadership and management are two distinctive and complementary systems of
action. Each has its own function and characteristic activities. Both are necessary for success in an
increasingly complex and volatile business environment.
Most corporations today are over-managed and underled. They need to develop their
capacity to exercise leadership. Corporations that are aware of this fact don't simply sit around
waiting for leaders to come along. They actively seek out people with leadership potential and
expose them to career experiences designed to develop that potential. Indeed, with careful selection,
nurturing, and encouragement, dozens of people can play important leadership roles in a business
organisation.
But while improving their ability to lead, companies should remember that strong leadership
with weak management is no better, and is sometimes actually worse, than the reverse. The real
challenge is to combine strong leadership and strong management and use each to balance the other.
Of course, not everyone can be good at both leading and managing. Some people have the
capacity to become excellent managers but not strong leaders. Others have great leadership
potential but, for a variety of reasons, have great difficulty becoming strong managers. Smart
companies value both kinds of people and work hard to make them a part of the team.
When it comes to preparing people for executive jobs, such companies rightly ignore the
recent literature that says people can’t manage and lead. They try to develop leader-managers. Once
companies understand the fundamental difference between leadership and management, they can
begin to groom their top people to provide both.
Management is about coping with complexity. Its practices and procedures are largely a
response to one of the most significant developments of the twentieth century: the emergence of
large organisations. Without good management, complex enterprises tend to become chaotic in
ways that threaten their very existence. Good management brings a degree of order and consistency
to key dimensions like the quality and profitability of products.
Leadership, by contrast, is about coping with change. Part of the reason it has become so
important in recent years is that the business world has become more competitive and more volatile.
Faster technological change, greater international competition, the deregulation of markets,
overcapacity in capital-intensive industries, and an unstable oil cartel are among the many factors
that have contributed to this shift. The result is that doing what was done yesterday is no longer a
formula for success. Major changes are more and more necessary to compete effectively in this new
environment. And more changes always demand more leadership.
Consider a simple military analogy: A peacetime army can usually survive with good
administration and management up and down the hierarchy, coupled with good leadership
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concentrated at the very top. A wartime army, however, needs competent leadership at all levels. No
one yet has figured out how to manage people effectively into battle; they must be led.
These two different functions – coping with complexity and coping with change - shape the
characteristic activities of management and leadership. Each system of action involves deciding
what needs to be done, creating networks of people and relationships that can accomplish an
agenda, and then trying to ensure that those people actually do the job. But each accomplishes these
three tasks in different ways.
Companies manage complexity first by planning and budgeting - setting targets or goals for
the future (typically for the next month or year), establishing detailed steps for achieving those
targets, and then allocating resources to accomplish those plans. By contrast, leading an
organisation to constructive change begins by setting a direction - developing a vision of the future
(often the distant future) along with strategies for producing the changes needed to achieve that
vision.
Management develops the capacity to achieve its plan by organising and staffing - creating
an organisational structure and set of jobs for accomplishing plan requirements, staffing the jobs
with qualified individuals, communicating the plan to those people, delegating responsibility for
carrying out the plan, and devising systems to monitor implementation. The equivalent leadership
activity, however, is aligning people. This means communicating the new direction to those who
can create conditions that understand the vision and are committed to its achievement.
Finally, management ensures plan accomplishment by controlling and problem solving -
monitoring results versus the plan in some detail, both formally and informally, by means of reports,
meetings, and other tools; identifying deviations; and then planning and organising to solve the
problems. But for leadership, achieving a vision requires motivating and inspiring - keeping peope
moving in the right direction, despite major obstacles to change, by appealing to basic but often
untapped human needs, values and emotions.
31. In the first two paragraphs, the writer compares leadership to management in order to
A. show that only a few select people can be good leaders.
B. indicate that leadership is not impossible without charisma.
C. debunk some misconceptions about the two functions.
D. stress the necessity of management in the workplace.
32. Modern corporations that wish to develop leadership
A. take the initiative in the recruitment and training of leaders.
B. try to encourage existing staff to become leaders
C. consciously hire fewer managers and more leaders.
D. look for people who can be trained to become managers.
33. In order to train people to be both managers and leaders, companies must
A. avoid misinterpreting recent literature on leadership.
B. understand that leadership and management are distinct.
C. learn to value managers and leaders equally.
D. realise that not almost nobody can be good at both.
34. Leadership has recently grown in importance because
A. doing business has become more complicated.
B. technology has changed beyond recognition.
C. the oil market has become unpredictable.
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D. several markets have become deregulated.
35. The writer draws the military analogy in order to
A. illustrate the necessity of leadership in times of instability.
B. show why it is essential to manage armies effectively.
C. give an example of a business that needs to be managed.
D. draw a comparison between leadership and management.
36. While management sets goals for the near future, leadership
A. assists management with planning.
B. contributes foresight for the long term.
C. tries to change the way we work.
D. finds ways to improve management
37. In order to make a vision come true, leadership
A. has to become involved in problem-solving
B. evaluates results and changes its plan accordingly.
C. concerns itself with people's levels of motivation.
D. makes sure management stays in the right direction.
Your answers:
31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37.
Part 4. Read the following passage and do the tasks that follow.
THE SHAPE OF BUILDINGS TO COME
From the outside, it’s as sleek as a rocket, but is the Swiss Re tower really
as sensational as it looks? Jonathan Glancey finds out.
It already has a nickname: a dumb one — the Gherkin. I am not sure where this name
originated, but it is hopelessly inappropriate, even if it's likely to stick. Gherkins do not look like
this. Nor is 30 St Mary Axe, in any accepted understanding of the word, 'organic'. If it resembles
anything, it is one of the great dirigibles* of the 1930s, or Wernher von Braun's early space rocket.
Tethered firmly to the ground, this sleek and sensational machine for making money, this 'towering
innuendo', commissioned and owned by financial services group Swiss Re, is home to around 4,000
workers. It is certainly a striking design, but does 30 St Mary Axe offer better conditions than
workers have been used to? Is it more than yet another filing cabinet in the sky?
Client and architect have made great claims for the building's environmental efficiency. One
of the less measurable ways in which the tower could be considered environmentally friendly is the
manner in which, close up, it appears to be much smaller, or at least, much lower, than it is. In fact,
it appears no higher than GMW's Commercial Union building (which is some 70m shorter), an
illusion created by the fact that the top of the building is invisible from the square below.
Not only does the building's circular form make it appear much less bulky than it is, it
channels considerably less wind at street level than many right-angled towers. This has been proven
in wind-tunnel tests on a model of the building. The circular form also offers a generous public
plaza at the base, while an arcade around the tower promises a number of up-coming shops.
The real environmental achievement here, however, is the internal design. What you see from
the plaza and, in fact, from all corners of London, is a great sheath of steel, aluminium and glass. This is
the building's skin. Just behind this is the great steel structure of the building, hidden on dull days,
clearly visible when the sun shines. This structure, devised by the engineers, Arup, is a diagonal cage

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very much like the skeleton of Barnes Wallis's Second World War bombers. Intriguingly, this structure
compresses during the day as the building loads up with people and stretches in the evening as it
empties.
Spiraling up through the internal structure is a sequence of atriums. They are interrupted
every six floors so that the updraft of air through the building does not become too strong. These
atriums achieve many things: they let light deep into the building and allow diagonal views up and
down through the building. But the main advantage is that their corkscrew shape creates different
air pressures, ensuring that fresh air is sucked up through the building as well as through the office
floors.
In addition, the windows on the skin of the building can be opened in mild weather to allow
air to flow in and out. Roller blinds set between the steel skeleton and glass skin control glare and
reduce heat. Heating, lighting and air-conditioning bills will be low compared with most towers
and, with daylight reaching desks at the core of the building, workers should feel well off.
The luckiest are able to reach the nose cone of the tower, where a restaurant and bar satisfies
anyone with a craving for James Bond glamour. The bar, reached by a spiral staircase or glass lift
from the 70-seat restaurant, looks very much like a Ken Adam film set: the lair of a villain with
designs to take over the world. It is quite breathtaking. Sadly, it and its master-of-the-universe
views are reserved for Swiss Re employees and their guests only.
This is a fine skyscraper and one of the shapes of things to come in the design of city-centre
offices. However, it is not perfect: the building is, perhaps, a little too smooth for its own good.
Detail is not so much pared down as polished away, as if the architects had tried to make it as sheer
as an airship, without the touches that delight hand and eye. Its entrance is also problematic; carving
an appropriate doorway into the base of this office rocket was always going to be difficult and the
result seems a little crude, as if someone had opened up a cavity with a giant tin-opener and then
tried a little too hastily to cover up their handiwork. It would, perhaps, have been better to have
created more than one underground entrance, which might have swept those working here from the
edges of the plaza up into the aluminium-lined entrance lobby, leaving the skin of the building
unbroken. This is a trick Oscar Niemeyer performed neatly and dramatically with the entrance of
his 'crown-of-thorns' cathedral in Brasilia. Doubtless there are practical, not to mention security
reasons why this could not have been.
The result is a fascinating building that undoubtedly raises the standard of city-centre office
design, but one that should be regarded as a kind of work-in-progress: a marker on the way to a more
responsible and attractive form of skyscraper. In a Britain of largely cynical, fast-buck, skin-deep,
government-approved new architecture, this is one new building - not a gherkin - that deserves to be
relished.
a ‘dirigible’ is an airship
Questions 38-43: Do the following statements agree with the views of the writer in the reading
passage?
Write YES if the statement agrees with the views of the writer
NO if the statement contradicts the views of the writer
NOT GIVEN if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this
38. The tower is sympathetic to the buildings around it.
39. The interior spiral structure allows workers to move around the building easily.
40. The tower provides a light and airy space for employees to work.
41. Running costs are relatively expensive.
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42. The top of the tower provides spectacular views for the public.
43. The exterior glass shell lacks detail.
Questions 44-47: Complete each sentence with the correct ending A—H from the box below.
A. there is less wind produced at the base.
B. it is a building Londoners should be proud of.
C. the building is naturally ventilated.
D. the tower offers a good view of the city.
E. the stairs get very crowded at certain times of the day.
F. it appears to be lower than it actually is.
G. the structure is compacted by the extra weight.
H. it offers a vision of the future.
44. When you stand very near to the building, _________
45. Due to the building's roundness, _________
46. As the building fills with workers, _________
47. As a result of the design of the spiral structure, __________
Questions 48-50: Complete the sentences below with words taken from the reading passage.
Use NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.
48. The building looks less a gherkin and more like a(n) ______________________
49. The temperature and light levels can be regulated by opening _______________________.
50. An additional ______________________ would have left the exterior shell unspoilt.
Your answers:
38. 39. 40. 41. 42.
43. 44. 45. 46. 47.
48. 49. 50.
SECTION D. WRITING (60 points)
Part 1. Complete the second sentence so that it has the same meaning as the first one. Use the
word given in capital letters and the word mustn’t be altered in any way.
1. I imagine it was tough for you to refuse every beggar that asked you for money. (TURN)
→ It must ________________________________________every beggar that asked you for money.
2. She would find Andy more attractive if he didn’t laugh at strange things. (SENSE)
→ If it ______________________________________humor, she would find Andy quite attractive.
3. It was Jane who came up with the idea for sales promotion via livestreams. (BRAINS)
→ Jane _______________________________________________ sales promotion via livestreams.
4. Team spirit no longer exists after one member of a team makes a mistake. (SUCH)
→ Once one member of a team makes a mistake, there __________________________ team spirit.
5. The Japanese are the best at making pocket-sized technology. (SECOND)
→ The Japanese ______________________________it comes to making pocket-sized technology.
6. Without access to the statistics, I won’t be able to complete the report. (HOLD)
→ Unless I _______________________________________, I won’t be able to complete the report.
7. The gradual introduction of technology would eliminate a lot of opposition. (LESS)
→ Were technology ______________________________________________________ opposition.

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8. You will have to choose which kind of holiday we book. (UP)
→ It __________________________________________________ which kind of holiday we book.
9. Paul said there was no way he would give up his project. (GIVING)
→ Paul said that _______________________________________________________ the question.
10. Being market leader is the long-term aim of the company. (ULTIMATE)
→ It is the ___________________________________________________________ market leader.
Part 2. Write an essay of about 350 words on the following topic.
Many people believe that every individual is responsible for his/ her own healthy lifestyle.
Others believe that governments should take care of it. Discuss both views and give your own
opinion.

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