Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
REGION IV-A CALABARZON
CITY SCHOOLS DIVISION OF BIÑAN CITY

FOURTH QUARTER
HEALT OPTIMIZING PHYSICAL EDUCATION 4
MELC No. 5

MELC:
5. Observes personal safety protocol to avoid dehydration,
overexertion ,hypo- and hyperthermia during MVPA participation

References:
https://www.coursehero.com/file/54716531/First-Aid-is-an
immediate-and-temporary- carepptx/
https://engageinlearning.com/faq/health-safety/first-
aid/what-are the-dos-and- donts-of-first-aid/
https://www.fs.fed.us/recreation/safety/safety.shtml
https://www.mhealth.org/care/conditions/sprains-strains-
andtears cycling/
http://paulkirtley.co.uk/2011/personal-wilderness-first-
aid-kit/ https://www.cpcmg.net/cuts-scrapes-wise-
advice-urban-legends/ https://www.insider.com/how-to-
stop-a-nosebleed
https://creeksidechiro.com/ankle-sprain
https://www.sportsandspinal.net.au/quad-strain-will-
you-be-left kicking-yourself/
https://www.webmd.com/first-aid/understanding-
sprains-strains basics
https://slideplayer.com/slide/14440030/
https://www.coursehero.com/file/54716531/First-Aid-is-an
immediate-and-temporary- carepptx/.

Reminders: Here are the additional activities for you to understand

the lesson further. Write your answers on your answer sheet.

INTRODUCTION:
In previous lessons, you were introduced to the different recreational
activities and the various benefits it can offer to you being as a whole.
 Engaging to any kinds of recreational activities brings much profound
meaning to one’s life. However, you
must also consider the potential risk and hazards of the outdoor activities
that may cause injuries and illnesses to you and to your family.
Not only the effects and dangers of having COVID 19 must be considered
but also the safety of the persons involved in different recreational activities.
This lesson will introduce to you the safety practices and how to apply first
aid in land outdoor recreation. It is with hope that this will help you in your
future adventure and equip you with first aid techniques and skills which
you need to be learned and practiced.

WHAT IS FIRST AID?

First Aid is an immediate and temporary care given to a person who

suddenly gets ill or injured. It includes self-help and home care if medical
assistance not available or delayed (Parker, 2019). It can mean the
difference between life and death in extreme cases. The goal of first aid is to
alleviate suffering, prevent added/further injury or danger, and prolong
life .However, we must know the
limits of the first aid we can give because improper first aid
can actually do more harm than good in some instance.
Anyone who gives is a first aider.

The first aid kit is a set of supplies and equipment used to

administer first aid. In your school and community, first aid
kits should be available, visible, and readily accessible in
case of injuries or emergencies. It should also be regularly
checked for completeness and freshness of supplies.

The usual supplies found in a first aid kit include the following:
triangular bandage rubbing alcohol gloves iodine tongue depressor swabs gauze
scissors wound dressings athletic tape cotton penlight adhesive bandage
forceps

Other equipment that should be included to aid in first aid are the
following: spine board blankets
sets of splints short board/Kendrick’s extrication device
wheelchair poles

The first aid kit is usually

located in strategic places in
school like the clinic, gym,
playground, and security
stations. In the community, first
aid kits should be located in the
community centers like
 community hall or office and
recreation centers.

It is advisable that a signage be placed where the first aid kit and

equipment are located. This can either be attached to a wall or post or

suspended.

Roles of First Aider

According to John Furst (2013), “an emergency first aider has various roles
and responsibilities. It is important that first aiders take these roles and
responsibilities seriously as first aid is potentially lifesaving in an emergency
situation”. The role of a first aider is to provide immediate, lifesaving,
medical care before the arrival of further medical help. This could include
performing procedures such as:
• Placing an unconscious casualty into
the recovery position
• Performing Cardiopulmonary
resuscitation (CPR)
• Using an automated external
defibrillator (AED)
• Stopping bleeding using pressure
and elevation
• Keeping a fractured limb still

Objectives of First Aid

1. To save lives
2. To prolong life
3. To alleviate suffering
4. To prevent further injury

Characteristics of a Good First Aider

http://www.tutorcare.co.uk/traininghub/first-aid-for-sport-coaches- trainers
There are several personal qualities which you should look for when looking for a
first aider.

1. Gentle-does not cause pain

and panic.
2. Observant-notices all signs.
3. Resourceful-makes the best use of things at hand.
4. Tactful- does not frighten the victim.
5. Sympathetic- comforts and reassures the victim.
 Here in Biñan City, we have the so called BERU or the Biñan
Emergency Response Unit, who held responsible in attending emergency
situations. It was a government unit and every member is a certified rescue
responder who undergone series of trainings, seminars and hands-on
workshop just to ensure they have gained enough knowledge in saving
one’s life. They have all gained their certificates once they have passed the
written test and the physical simulation.

Principles of First Aid

Daniel Clark (2019) explains that, “the do’s and don’ts of first aid
depend on the injury”, but general tips are:
Do’s in giving First Aid Don’ts in giving First Aid

• Do assure the victim that you are a • Don’t move the victim
qualified first aider, and that they are in safe unless it is absolutely
hands. necessary.

• Call 911 or any emergency number right • Don’t forget to remove

away if the injury is really serious. external hazards.

• Do visually and verbally assess the

injured person.

• Do practice good personal hygiene.

• Do try and take the pain off the patient’s

mind by talking to them.

OUTDOOR RECREATION COMMON FIRST AID INJURIES

According to Jill Tilton (2017), “first aid is required in many
ways, shapes and forms. It is always a good idea to have basic first
aid skills just in case you need it yourself, or someone needs it
around you. Below are the lists of common injuries requiring first aid
and what you can do when accidents like this occur”.
Cut/Scrape
When your skin is accidentally broken or worn away. This can be the
result of a fall, banging against a hard object or being cut by something
sharp.
• If there is bleeding, press firmly over the site
with a clean cloth until it stops, anywhere from
three to 15 minutes. bandage or gauze and adhesive
tape.
• Clean with lukewarm running water and gently pat dry.
• If the skin is broken, apply a thin layer of antibiotic ointment, then cover with a
If you can't control the bleeding after several attempts with direct pressure, call
immediate medical help. Continue utilize antibiotic ointment and apply a new
bandage daily (or more often if necessary) until the cut heals. If the wound appears
to be forming or draining pus or becomes swollen, tender, or red, see a doctor
right away to treat the infection.

Burn
Burn is damage to the skin or other body parts caused by extreme heat flame,
contact with heated objects, or chemicals. Immediately hold injury under

apply a cold, wet towel until the pain subsides.

Cover any small blisters with a loose bandage or gauze and
tape. Call a doctor as soon as possible if burns are on the
face, hands, or genitals, or if they're larger than 1/4 inch
anywhere on the body.
If the injury looks rooted, seek medical help immediately.
For a burn covering a tenth of the body or more, don't use cold
compresses; call emergency hotline and cover up with a clean
sheet or a blanket to prevent hypothermia until help arrives.
DO NOT pop any blisters yourself. If the skin breaks, apply
antibiotic cream and cover the area with a bandage or gauze
until it's healed. Watch for any redness, swelling, tenderness, or
discharge for these are all signs of infection.

Insect Bite/Sting
It is a painful wound caused by the thrust of an insect’s stinger
into skin. If the insect left a stinger, gently scrape the skin with
your fingernail to remove it without breaking it. Refrain from using
tweezers because that can squeeze more venom out of the stinger, causing further
injury.

Call emergency personnel if you have trouble breathing, coughing, or develop a

hoarse voice, hives, or swollen lips or
tongue.

Splinter
Splinters are objects that become embedded under the skin. Use soap and
water to wash around the splinter. Clean a pair of tweezers with rubbing
alcohol and slowly pull the splinter out. Rewash the skin. If you come across
a fragment that is hard to remove,

H
Sunburn leave it for a day or so to see if it will come out on its own. Sunburn is the

term for red, sometimes swollen, and painful skin caused by overexposure to

ultraviolet (UV) rays from the sun. Sunburn can vary from mild to severe.

If you feel dizzy, weak, sick to your stomach, or are spiking a high fever—or if the

burn is severe (oozing blisters form within 48 hours) and covering a significant

portion of your body—go to the Emergency Room. If your only symptoms are

discomfort and redness, apply cold compresses and aloe vera lotion and take

some ibuprofen.

Avoid creams with petroleum, which can cause infection, or anything ending in -
Caine. When not administered by a professional, these drugs may be dangerous.

Nosebleed

Nosebleed blood loss from the tissue that lines your nose. It can affect both nostrils,
but most often occurs in only one nostril. Sit upright and don't tilt your head back.
Loosen any tight clothing around your neck. Pinch the lower end of the nose close
to the nostrils and lean forward while you apply constant pressure for five to ten
minutes.
Don't release and check the nose; it could prolong the bleeding. If
the nosebleed is the result of trauma, you can reduce swelling
by holding an ice pack against the bridge of the nose after
the bleeding slows down.
If it persists for more than ten minutes or returns later, call
medics or seek medical help in order to check for
breakage.
 Sprains, Strains, and Tears
A Sprain is an injury to the ligaments or capsule
that holds a joint together. A strain is an injury
to a muscle or to a tendon (tissue that connects
muscle to bone). It is sometimes called a “pulled
muscle.” A strain happens when a muscle or
tendon is stretched too far or is partially torn.
Symptoms of a strain are pain, swelling, and
having a problem moving or using the injured
area. The hamstring (thigh muscle), calf
muscle, and Achilles tendon are commonly

strained. A tear often occurs when a joint is forced beyond its normal range of
motion. This can stretch or tear the ligament, much like the fibers of a rope coming
apart. Both surgical and nonsurgical treatment has been used to recover from a
tear. The most effective treatment is the RICE method. In the first few days after an
injury, you should:
Rest the area you injured. Your doctor may recommend crutches if you
hurt your knee, foot or ankle.
Ice the injury for 20 minutes at a time, several times a day.
Compress the injury with bandages or a splint to reduce pain and swelling.
Your doctor might also recommend a cast or boot.

Elevate the injury (arm, leg, elbow, knee, etc.) on a pillow, to reduce swelling. A
compression wrap is used to prevent swelling, which can help your ankle feel
better. It does not support the ankle or prevent it from moving, so it does not
protect it except by reminding you to be careful of your ankle.

Roll up the elastic bandage if it isn't already rolled up. Hold your ankle at about
a 90-degree angle. Start where your toes meet the body of your foot. Hold the
loose end of the bandage at the side of your foot. Wrap the bandage around the
ball of your foot once, keeping it somewhat taut with a light pull. After this, slowly
start circling your way around the arch of the foot. Pull the bandage diagonally
from the bottom of the toes across the foot's top and circle it around the ankle.
Now bring the bandage diagonally across the top of the foot and under the arch
in a figure-eight pattern. When you get to the ankle bone, wrap the bandage
around the felt piece so it stays in place under the ankle bone. Continue around
the ankle and foot in a figure eight, moving toward the heel on the bottom and
toward the calf at the top of the eight. The wrap should cover the entire foot and
end about 7 centimeters above the ankle. Most compression wraps are self-
fastening or come with clip fasteners. If not, use tape to secure the end. The wrap
should be snug but should not cut off circulation to the foot.
 Fractures
Fractures are broken bones, and they can
occur as a result of falls or other harsh
impacts.
◆ Stop Bleeding, if Necessary

• Apply firm pressure to wound with

clean cloth until bleeding stops.
• If bone is pushing through skin, do not
touch it or try to put it back in place.
https://www.academyorthopedics.com/fract
ures-of-the-tibia-orthopedic-surgery

◆ Splint the Area, if Possible

The purpose of the splint is to hold still and protect a wounded body part from
further damage.
• Cut away clothing if it cannot be removed without moving the injured body part.
• Gently tape the dislocated area or fracture to a rolled-up newspaper,
ruler, stick, or a rolled-up piece of clothing with first aid tape. In
general, try to include the joint above and below the injury in the
splint. As much as possible, avoid moving the injured limb, and
never force it or try to twist it back into place.

◆ Call immediate medical help if:

• The person is seriously injured.

• You suspect injury to the person's
head, neck, or back.
• Bone is sticking out of the skin.
• Bleeding doesn't stop after several minutes of firm pressure.
• Blood spurts from the wound.
• Experience loss of feeling at the injured site
• Experience loss of warmth beyond the injured area.

DEVELOPMENT:

Learning Task 1
Write T if the statement is TRUE and F if FALSE. Write your answer on your
answer sheet.
________1. Before leaving the house for a trek through the wilderness,
make sure you’ve packed a first aid kit to treat future hiking injuries.
________2. Treating burns and scalds can be done by putting layers of
clothing on the injured area.
________3. First aid steps one can take after a snake bite occurs include
sucking and cutting the wound open.
________4. No need to call for emergency if the patient’s blood spurts out
of wound.
 ________5. If still on fire, stop burning immediately through the “stop, drop,
and roll” method. Then remove the flamed material from the person.
However, if the clothing sticks to the skin, do not pull it out but cut or tear
around it.
________6. It is a common sense to give food and drink to an unconscious
person.
________7. Emergency personnel must be called immediately if severe
bleeding or bleeding does not stop despite pressure.
________8. To treat minor cuts, clean it with soap and water then apply
antibiotic cream then cover with sterile bandage and secure using
medical tape.
________9. Strains and sprains Grade 1 & 2 may be treated with RICE
(rest, ice pack, compression, and elevation) method.
________10. It is a must to always carry a first aid kit whenever you do
any sort of outdoor recreation.

Learning Task 2 :
Directions: To become a first aider, one must know how to respond to
the different risky situations. Now, test your skills in applying first aid
by writing down your immediate action to the following situation:
SITUATION IMMEDIATE ACTION
TAKEN

1. While trekking, your friend slipped on a sloppy

terrain and twisted his/her ankle.

2. While camping, one of the campers was attacked

and bitten by a snake.

3. Your brother was setting up the tent when cuts his

finger with the pole.

4. Your mother accidentally touches a hot pan.

5. Your friend experiences stroke.

 Learning task 4
Directions: Copy and answer the questions below in your answer sheet..

1. Why is it important to understand and follow the basics of first aid?

_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________

2. What is the goal in giving first aid?

___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________

3. What are the roles of a first aider during an emergency?

Address: P. Burgos St. Brgy. Sto. Domingo, Biñan
City Laguna Website: depedbinancity.com.ph
Email: deped.binancity@deped.gov.ph
Telephone no: 511-4143/ 511-8620/ 511-4191/ 511-8746
____________________________________________
_______
____________________________________________
_______

4. What should we remember when giving first aid?

____________________________________________
_______
____________________________________________
_______

5.Can we help others through our knowledge and skills in first

aid? How?
___________________________________________________
__
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
____

PERFORMANCE TASK: ( DEADLINE MAY 7, 2024)

Make a campaign poster about the importance of having knowledge in
giving first aid. Do it in a short bond paper.
 ASSIMILATION:
Learning Task 6
Directions: For 5 points each, read and answer the question and statement
below.

SCENARIO A: You and your two friends were hiking and along the trail you
saw a man who is unconscious, with blood oozing from his head. How
should you deal with this situation?
1. What is the first thing that you should do?
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________

2. List everything you think you would need to do as the first persons to
arrive at the scene.
______________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
______________________________________________________

SCENARIO B: During your hiking in Mt. Makiling, one of your friends

have been bitten by a snake on her right leg.

3. how can you help your friend? Give at least 4 steps on how will you apply
first aid on her wound.
________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________

************ Miss You guys!!! Ingat kayo always, keep hydrated.

Kamsahamnida!!