2023 IEEE 8th International Conference for Convergence in Technology (I2CT)

Pune, India. Apr 7-9, 2023

A Survey on Automatic Feeder System for Aqua

Farming by using Arduino
Avagaddi Prasad Nagadevara V S P Ravi Sumanth Puppala Sivaprasad
Dept. of Electrical and Electronics Dept. Electrical and Electronics Dept. Electrical and Electronics
2023 IEEE 8th International Conference for Convergence in Technology (I2CT) | 979-8-3503-3401-2/23/$31.00 ©2023 IEEE | DOI: 10.1109/I2CT57861.2023.10126387

Enginnering Enginnering Enginnering

Sasi Institute of Technology and Sasi Institute of Technology and Sasi Institute of Technology and
Engineering Engineering Engineering
Tadepalligudem, India Tadepalligudem, India Tadepalligudem, India
prasadavagaddi@gmail.com nvspravisumanth@gmail.com sivaprasads1434@gmail.com
Kanchumarthi Sairam Kolapalli Ajaybabu
Dept. Electrical and Electronics Dept. Electrical and Electronics
Enginnering Enginnering
Sasi Institute of Technology and Sasi Institute of Technology and
Engineering Engineering
Tadepalligudem, India Tadepalligudem, India
ramkanchumarthi@gmail.com babuajay687@gmail.com

Abstract—In this paper, discussed about the critical roles
are played by feed processing techniques in aqua farming.
However, some challenges have to be overcome for a perfectly
level aqua farming. These are three parameters such as Feed
Management, Labor Management, and Power Management. A
proper balancing of these parameters allows for continuous
monitoring the aqua farming. This paper reviewed the various
solutions for better aqua farming along with their respective
range and specifications.
Keywords— Feeders; Feed dispenser; Feed motors; Aquaculture.
I. INTRODUCTION
Feed management is the most crucial factor because it
accounts for nearly 50% of all farming expenses. Pond
quality and the bottom surface can be suitably maintained by
limiting excessive feed consumption. As a result, there is a
greater likelihood of producing healthy shrimp. In the shrimp
cultivation having a chances of unhealthy in soil and growth
diseases and potential of hydrogen (pH) level of water will
rises a unusual yield cultivation [1]. Since we cannot
estimate the quality of shrimp alive underwater, we usually
damage pond bottoms excessively. This seriously harms the
farms' productivity and spreads many diseases to the shrimp.
In the end, the anticipated yield is not achieved, and all the
hard work is for naught. As an illustration, even if we
provide 5 tons of feed. Normally we can able to harvest only
2 tons of shrimp. To overcome all these challenges are tried
different feeding methods over the years. Recently we
deployed auto-feeders with Shrimp technology that
technology will help us overcome these challenges without
wasting the feed.
Because of the improved DO (Dissolved oxygen) levels
and water parameters, we are confident that we will be able
to grow good-quality Shrimp. Since the 1960's the yearly
average fish consumption is almost doubled from 10kg to 20
kg [2]. But Asia supplies the almost 90% of aqua farming
products globally [2].Giving an extra feed, it will cause of
death and wasting the feed. So, the feeding functioning can
be measure by changes in the acceleration [3]. The major
challenge of shrimp farming is feed management, Power
Management, and labour Management. The three Parameters
are farming can be Monitored diligently, shrimp farming
done perfectly. In many countries, aquaculture—an industry
that is quickly expanding—contributes to food security and
the reduction of poverty. One of the most crucial factors in
the growth and production of shrimp is feeding. The
management of feeding systems is a significant issue for the
development of aquaculture. With more advanced
technology, aquaculture practices could become more
productive and profitable.
Designing, developing, and building automatic feeding
equipment has become necessary to meet feeding needs and
minimize the need for labour. Feed management and
environmental management have an impact on the success of
shrimp farming. Effective feeding is necessary for shrimp
life and should not be overdone. It must be kept within the
ideal range, together with the temperature and dissolved
oxygen levels. Over the past few years, a number of
automatic shrimp feeders have been created using Arduino
Uno to reduce the labour-intensive nature of shrimp
aquaculture.
The automatic feeders are made to be as flexible as
possible so that they can be used both independently and as
an integral part of a fully integrated packing process [4]. For
fish/shrimp ponds to monitor the system and react right away
to any abnormal changes, effective management is required.
Fish/shrimp growth issues may result from any
environmental changes. But the salinity levels are change
depending up on the sunlight, shrimp food or salts in the
water the tiger shrimp and white shrimps, the salinity level is
between the 20ppt to 26ppt (parts per thousand) [5]. The
salinity is naturally vary by much 2ppt in one day [6].
Technology breakthroughs in monitoring and automation
have led to improvements in aquaculture's production
methods, resulting in increased fish output in huge quantities
with better-quality fish farming ponds. One of the many
artificial ecosystems created by humans is the fish farming
pond [7]. The water plays a major role for fish or shrimp
farming. It is very important balance a water temperature in
ponds [7]. Depending up on the season, the effect of water
pH value and salinity and temperature are changed from time
to time. So, the season effects shrimp growth rate and
decreases the pH level of the pond [7]. So, the water quality

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is basically decided on the dissolved O2, temperature,
Salinity and feeding process [8]-[11].The minimum quantity
of a dissolved O2 is required in pond is 4ppt. Otherwise, it
will leads us to death of shrimps.
II. LITERATURE SURVEY
A. Fuzzy Logic based Control System Temperature, PH and
Water Salinity on Shrimp Ponds.
In this paper, the originator used fuzzy logic for shrimp
ponds. It has three main parameters. The prototype is
designed based on these parameters. Temperature, pH, and
Salinity are the main parameters for the survival of shrimp in
ponds. The fuzzy logic system is a process (or) a method of
decision-making system based on the fuzzy principle. These
three Parameters have different three Conditions for each one
in the shrimp pond. So, each parameter is a different sensor.
The temperature conditions are hot, cold, and Normal and
PH sensors are neutral alkaline and acid. The salinity Sensor
has functions called normal, brackish, and salt. The value of
a temperature Sensor is 0.05% and PH sensor is 0.05% and a
salinity sensor is 15%. But, for the temperature sensor, the
ideal Celsius value for farming is between 250-300°C. All
sensors are installed under the water surface of a pond. So,
the sensor is connected to the Arduino UNO, these all
sensors are used for Shrimp farming. which measures Check
the water Condition in Pond. Fuzzy logic is the decision-
making system so, all System work in three steps of the
Process. First is fuzzification, which changes the system
input values into variables, and it expresses. The second
process is to form the fuzzy base and the Third process
makes or connects the interference with devices. All the
arrangement is done by fuzzy set by the fuzzification stage.
So the design consists of software, temperature and salinity,
and PH level of the pond by fuzzy logic [7].
B. Smart Monitoring System for Pond Management and
Automation in Aquaculture.
In this paper, the author discussed pond management. In
mainly aquaculture, to maintain and manage daily water
levels like pH value, the pH value changes due to climatic
changes. The main parameter for the pond was temperature.
pH value and dissolved oxygen. These parameters may affect
the production/growth of the fish or shrimp. These problems
are overcome by using the DHT11 sensor. The pH sensor
and ultrasonic sensor is used to measure the value of the
parameters. These values are stored in the cloud by the
internet of things (IOT).Most of the shrimp products are
exported from Thailand. Most of the issues are related to the
water quality of shrimp cultures. There are two main factors
affecting the behaviour of shrimp, which are breed
management [10].
C. A Novel Design of Feeder System for Aqua Culture
Suitable for Shrimp Farming.
In this paper, the originator has proposed an automatic
feeder in aquaculture. It helps a farmer to feed the food
easily by using the automatic shrimp feeder. It was divided
into three different zones.
1. Controller
2. Transferor
3. Designed Body
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The feeder can spread the food within a 12 to 22 meter
radius. It is a dispensed feed with a spreading motor of 35w.
The transferor has made of a 4watt synchronous motor with a
speed of 2500 rpm. The body of the feeder has designed to
be light in weight and has capability of shrimps feeding
15kg. This feed can dispense food of a maximum of 22
meters only. It can easily install and handle the feeder by
using the motors. The feeder motor of 50w only is used,
which can operate 15 times less than the regular auto feeder.
But this can use around 240w. By using the controller zone,
the motor and the feeder will control. The feeder controller
has designed to be in a grooved shape, which can easily
dispense the feed, while the motor is running. The position of
the auto feeder is placed away from the aerators, because
while rotating the automatic feeder in the pond, the damage
to the aerators is reduced while placing it some long away
distance. Two feeding trays were used to feed the shrimps,
but the feeding of shrimps is totally based on the size of the
tray, and it can be done by observing the indicator of feed.
So, the feeder can operate in three modes. The automatic
feeder designed with a password-protected interface that
operates at feeding time. A microcontroller that operates at
5.5 volts and flash memory is used to store and control the
feeder. An LCD is placed with a variable resistor to check
the feeder characteristics. All the data is transferred using the
Inter-Integrated Circuit (I2C) protocol, and external crystal
oscillator and EEPROM are used to store the system data and
observe the system behaviour to obtain better efficiency. It
introduced the two menu systems, which can protect the
passwords and change the time and feeding data. The feeder
system is completely controlled by an electronic unit. When
a disturbance occurs, the feeder is held for 15 seconds and
again restarts the feeder. All the data has stored in the
EEPROM, so the feeder can again start working based on
that data. All modes of operations work efficiently and
dispense the feed up to 22 meters. Compared to the previous
version feeder, which only dispense feed of 10 to 14 meters,
the automatic feeder will help the shrimp farmers to
distribute feed up to 20 meters. By comparing the manual
feeding system. The automatic system will help to increase
the growth rate of shrimp and make shrimps healthier [12].
D. Proposed Design of an Automatic Feeder and Aerator
Systems for Shrimps Farming.
In this paper, the originator has proposed a system for
shrimp farming based on the Pond conditions. It consists of:
1. Automatic Feeder.
2. Automatic Aerator.
3. Monitoring system.
4. Dual axis solar tracker.
1) Automatic Feeder:
An automated feeding device known as an automatic
feeder allows shrimp producers to program the timing and
volume of their meals using a digital control. A
microcontroller built within the machine controls this gadget.
The feeding mechanism in shrimp farming is operational
both during daylight hours and at night. It can be beneficial
to have diverse feeding schedules during the day and night. It
also includes a control panel that may be conveniently
positioned indoors. In order to adjust the amount of feed
delivered to the shrimp, a servo motor moves the feed bowl
lid to open or check following with the time setting and
quantity setting. The stock feed bowl is likewise fitted with a that recognizes the changes in the power supply. So, it is a
sensor, and if its height is barely one-quarter that of the bowl, form of an integrated circuit. To design the automatic feeder.
the microcontroller will alert the user of the availability of An ATMEGA328 microcontroller with an Arduino Uno has
feel via sins. used.
2) An Automatic Aerator: AC motor to provide the moment in the feed system
The aerator will monitor and show on LCDs placed control by use of the ac motor, the feed will move to the
outside the pond the pond's temperature, salinity, and oxygen container and is stored in the feed controller and dispensed
levels. The device has a DO sensor fitted underneath it to the shrimp feed with the machine. The feed controller has an
gauge the water's oxygen content attached to the opening or closing door mechanism that gives feed to the
microcontroller is a DO sensor. The sensor will send a shrimp. Hence, it distributes by the dispenser motor and
message to the microcontroller to turn on the aerator when provides movement to the feed. The objective is to
the DO state gets close to the tolerance limit. Additionally, a implement an automatic feeder to feed shrimps with less
temperature sensor is mounted below the apparatus to gauge duration and within a specific distance. The feeder system is
the water's temperature. The aerator will automatically turn suitable for shrimp feeding [19].
on when the temperature falls below the ideal level. When
the measured port of the sensor is in optimal condition, the Enter Mode 1
aerator will automatically shut off. An AC motor with a 1/2
HP is employed in the actor. The main aim of installing and
operating the aerators is to supply the oxygen and it is also
purify the water [14] - [17].But these aerators can generate Enter Next Time
the water circulation up to 15cm to 10cm [18].
3) Solar Tracker Panel:
In this system, all of the system's components are Read Program
powered by solar energy, a renewable resource. A 450 WP
dual-axis solar tracker panel quantity is used to power. An
actuator, solar sensor, installed photovoltaic (PV) panel,
charging system, voltage sensor, and current sensors make Set Yes
up the solar panel. This system actuator consists of DC Flag
electric daytime motors and a motor control system that uses
a microcontroller to direct the movement of the PV panel. No Set next flag
Voltage from the solar sensor was now an input for the
actuator. In this case, four small PVs installed on PV panels
serve as solar sensors. It will activate an actuator to move the Check timings
PV panel in two axes to monitor the position of the sun to
obtain the best voltage when the solar voltage from its sensor
is lower than the reference. In ideal circumstances, the panel
would then transform the sunlight's oxygen levels into a Next time = Present time
voltage that would be stored in batteries that were situated in
CDs. To manage the voltage and current flowing into the DO
sensor, voltage, and current sensors have been included in
the actuator and charging system [17]. Motor on

E. Design of an Automatic Shrimps Feeder Using GSM. Fig. 2. Flow chart representation for Motor ON Condition.
Power
Supply F. Development of a Prototype of an Automatic System for
Shrimp Farming using Telecontrol as a Viable Proposal
for Small Producers.
LCD In this paper, the author HC-SR04 module detects things
Display in close proximity to the source, whether they are a few
Keypad Arduino centimetres or many meters away. The measurement method
Uno relies on transmitting an audio signal with a high frequency
AC that is undetectable in human hearing. These signals are
Motor transmitted utilising a transducer, which is typically spherical
in form, and is picked up by another transducer when it
bounces off of an obstruction in its path.
Fig. 1. Block diagram for GSM based Shrimp Feeder.
1) Oxygen Sensor, Atlas Scientific :
In this paper, the originator proposed a shrimp feeder Using this sensor, one of the key aquatic environment
using an Arduino UNO. It feeds the shrimps, but it is a indicators: the dissolved oxygen concentration in water. The
standstill machine. It cannot move (or) rotate to feed the dissolved oxygen sensor has three parts: the EZO D.O.
shrimps. An LCD of (16*2) is for monitoring the system Circuit, a signal adaptation circuit, and a probe. Dimensions
condition. The real-time clock provides the current time and of the dissolved oxygen probe are shown, as well as EZO
data to the System. RTC of DS1307 is a power sense circuit D.O. circuit connections to a microcontroller.

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 2) Temperature sensor DS18B20 Waterproof:
In moist environments, the DS18B20 detects
temperature. It features a metallic layer to function even in
the presence of water. It has a maximum measurement range
of 125 Celsius. To prevent deterioration caused by cable
distance, the signal being measured is delivered digitally. It
contains There are two power ports and one data port
transmission.
3) Servo Motor:
A device that can be placed in a specific spot and whose
speed and position can be controlled. It looks like a direct-
current electric motor. A servomotor consists of an electric
motor, a control system, and a gearbox. The cable connected
to the control circuit sends control information like the
movement's speed, force, polarity, and angle. When an
engine turns, like when pulse code modulation is used, the
angle of movement shows how long a pulse code modulation
lasts (PCM). Position is determined by a pulse that is
received every 20 milliseconds. If the pulse is shorter than
1.5 milliseconds, the motor will move to a position close to 0
degrees. If the pulse lasts 1.5 milliseconds, the servomotor
will be at a 90 degree angle in the middle. If the pulse lasts
for more than 2 milliseconds, the servomotor will turn 180
degrees.
4) Aerator System:
For shrimp to survive, this system is essential. The
monitoring system sends data to the telecontrol system.
When the oxygen level is very low, it's possible to figure out
when the aerator should start running automatically, without
any input from the user, until it reaches the right level.. A
relay run by a Raspberry pi was used to simulate the system.
To aerate the pool, a relay is attached to an oxygen pump.
5) Feeding System:
The supply of food during specific times can be managed
thanks to this block. To prevent waste, it depends on what
stage of development the species is in and the typical
biomass weight of the species. Water quality declines
without proper food supply regulation, resulting in illnesses.
In the design of an automatic aerator system, the Arduino
Mega 2560 will process a timer that has been set to a certain
time and control a timer that is DS3231 RTC.
The microcontroller will be set up so that it can control
the relay. On the 16x2 LCD, the results of relay control are
shown. Based on the timer, the microcontroller will send
either a 1 or a 0 to the relay, which will make it work. The
aerator's current cable is connected to the common pin, and
the relay normally opens when the pin is connected. Then the
current cable and the ground on the aerator are connected to
the AC current voltage. So that the activity of turning on and
turning off the aerator. Renewable energy sources with
intermittent nature are used to meet the load requirement in
shrimp farms, yet these facilities need a steady electricity
supply without extended blackouts. Therefore, it is crucial to
properly plan the capacity of system components including
wind turbines, arrays of PV cells, batteries, and electrolyzes.
The models for the system's parts are made with optimization
in mind [20].
G. Development of Automatic Fish Feeding System based
on Gasping Behaviour.
In this paper, the author mostly discussed the Nile-bred
fish in Indonesia. It is mostly grown in Indonesia. The Nile
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fish only live in freshwater. There are so many types of fish
that are Grown all food is improper, due to less time, which
will cause an economic loss in farming. Because of this
imperfection of feeding the food to the fish, it will cause
death by hungry. So, the feed will be distributed every eight
hours by use of an automatic fish feeder The system can
monitor the fish while feeding, but the detection of fish
behaviour is based on the light condition. So computer vision
is best for monitoring the fish, the feeding behaviour is
observed by monitoring the changes in water ripples caused
by fish when it is hungry. The fish activity is measured based
on the gasping behaviour. The experiment is conducted on
the 5 Nile fishes. The system is designed with a container
which places the fish feed and a servo motor to feed the fish.
The sensor floats on the surface of the water, Whenever the
fish are moving on the water's surface, by sensing the water
ripples it will dispense the feed. the sensor GY-521, MPU-
6050 connected by Arc interface. the average consumption
of feed is 46.6 grams. The servo motor is set at 45degrees,
the value lid is open for 3 seconds and only 20 times a day
[21].
H. Design of Water Environment Monitoring System based
on Wireless Sensor Networks.
In this paper, the author talks about the water
environment, which is made up of the water environment on
the surface and the water environment below the surface.
Wireless Sensor Network is the basis for the system that is
being proposed. There are three parts to it.
1. Data Monitoring Nodes.
2. Data Base Station.
3. Monitoring station far away.
TABLE I. EFFECT OF DIFFERENT PH VALUES FOR FISH/SHRIMPS.
pH Effect
4 Acid Death Point
4-5 No Reproduction
5-6.5 Low Growth
Desirable range for
6.5-9
Reproduction
9-10 Low Growth
>10 Alkaline Death Point
The data base station is made up of things like pH,
temperature, and oxygen levels. Through a GPRS network,
data from the monitoring nodes is sent from the base station
to a monitoring centre. The monitoring centre looks at the
parameters of the water quality and sends that information to
an alarm for emergencies like contaminated water. Through
the Internet, the end user can do everything detection in the
water area. [22].
I. Water Quality Forecasting in Shrimp Cultures based on
Monte Carlo tree search.
In this paper, the author mainly consider the four key
properties. Those are:
1. Temperature.
 2. pH. 2. pH.
3. Dissolved oxygen. 3. Dissolved Oxygen.
4. Salinity. 4. Salinity.
There are two main categories, that are utilised to
measure the water quality by physically and chemically.
Were taken, including the temperature, turbidity, colour, and
level of water Chemical Parameters: Acidity degree (pH),
salinity, and dissolved oxygen level [25].

L. Human - Machine Interface for Water Quality

Monitoring System of White – Legged Shrimp Pond.
In this paper, the author talks about the system for
checking the water quality in white-legged shrimp ponds.
The goal is to improve production and lower maintenance
costs. The role of the water quality monitoring system is as
follows: The water quality monitoring system is needed to
improve the efficiency, accuracy, and precision of long-term
Fig. 3. White Leg Shrimps in the water. data collected to reflect changes in the environment and track
changes over time.
The IOT-based tool is also made to gather real-time
information about water properties. The Arduino is linked to
sensors that measure the quality of water. So, a narrow band TABLE II. DIFFERENT WATER LEVEL CONDITIONS.
of Internet of Things module sends all the data from the S.No. Parameters Value Unit
sensors to the server. Shrimps grow and make more shrimp 1 Salinity 15-25 Mg/L
based on what they eat and how they are fed. Self-feeders 2 Temperature 28.5-31.5 C
can be used for direct adjustment with the help of a number 3 pH 7.5-8.5 -
of direct and indirect techniques. In automated devices, the 4 Dissolved Oxygen >3.5 Mg/L
feed has also been sent using indirect methods. Time 5 Alkalinity 100-150 Mg/L
6 Organic Material <55 Mg/L
management is one of the things that a feeder can control. It
7 Nitrite Material < 0.01 Mg/L
is a key part of a lake or pond that gives workers access to 8 Ammonia Material < 0.01 Mg/L
the main power. They sometimes have trouble feeding the 9 Nitrate < 0.5 Mg/L
animals, especially when something unexpected happens, 10 Phosphate >0.1 Mg/L
like when it rains. The first design is by designed David C. 11 Water Level 120-200 Cm
Smeltzer, which was patented on April 4th, 1985. The design 12 Water Turbidity 30-45 Cm
is capable of dispensing feed with great accuracy [23].
The water quality monitoring system looks at the water's
J. An Optimal Design on Sustainable Energy Systems for parameters in real time and stores the results in a data logger.
Shrimp Farms. So the user can look at it later and use it as a guide to keep
Most of this paper's content was about energy demand. the water quality high. [26]. But the salinity levels are
Shrimps have a big problem: they need a lot of energy to change depending up on the sunlight, shrimp food or salts in
survive. Because pond aerators use most of the power, it's the water. The tiger shrimp and white shrimps, the salinity
always on. One thing that shrimps need to stay healthy is level is between the 20ppt to 26ppt [27].
dissolved oxygen. There are mainly three kinds of aerators.
1000 * C
1. It splashes. G=
2. Bubblers. R*(1+0.19*(T-25))

3. Systems for contacting pure oxygen. TABLE III. COMPARISION OF VARIOUS TECHNIQUES

Most farmers use propeller aerators because they are so Title Observations
good at moving water and oxygen around. On the other hand, A Novel Design of Feeder System In this system to design a constant
for Aqua Culture Suitable for feeder. So more feed will be wasted
shrimp can be set up and run with solar thermal panels and Shrimp Farming. and soil content overall decompose.
other renewable energy sources instead of traditional power Proposed Design of an Automatic In this system to design combining
sources. So, the main goal of this paper is to show the best Feeder and Aerator Systems for of feeder and aerator. So both are
way to design an advanced aeration system that uses Shrimps Farming. working at same time, but shrimp
renewable energy to run an electrolyser and make pure farming most of the conditions
oxygen for changing the DO level in shrimp ponds. [24]. aerators are not operate in feeding
conditions.
Smart Monitoring System for Pond To design an individual sensors are
K. Design of Water Quality Control for Shrimp Pond using Management and Automation in used on every individual
Sensor-Cloud Integration. Aquaculture. parameters, So the initial cost is
very high. In case damage of any
In this paper, the author discussed mainly four key sensors for wet conditions can
properties. Those are: replace the overall system. And
maintenance cost is increased.
1. Temperature.

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Design of a Water Environment In this case the GPRS network may
Monitoring System based on be changed by climate conditions.
Wireless Sensor Networks. So cannot get accurate information.
Due to rainy seasons GPRS
network not work efficient.
An Optimal Design on Sustainable To design and operating long length
Energy Systems for Shrimp Farms. aerators but in this aerator shaft or
length breakdown overall aerator
will be shutdown
Development of Automatic Fish In this system to design non
Feeder. prototype automatic feeder. But in
system only operate in fixed place
and wastage of feed.
Design of Water Quality Control In this case the GPRS network may
for Shrimp Pond Using Sensor- be changed by climate conditions.
Cloud Integration . So can’t get accurate information.
Due to rainy seasons GPRS
network not work efficient.
III. CONCLUSION
As shrimp feeding plays a major role in aqua farming,
especially in southern states of India. It would be appropriate
to have better knowledge of the cultivation of shrimps,
without proper knowledge there would be a negative impact
on the shrimps. In this paper, the various shrimp feeding
systems, and factors have been discussed along with their
corresponding advantages and disadvantages.
The system is designed by a constant feeder, it have a
disadvantage of more wastage of feed and more time takes
for feeding, by it will cause the improper of feed dispassion.
By implementing the feeder with a motion, it has an
advantage of less wastage of feed. So, compared to the
constant feeder the motion feeder reduces the decomposition
of water and draws less time for dispensing the feed.
By installation of component like sensors, which will
provide the information about pH level of water, salinity, and
temperature of the water has also been discussed. However,
with the advancement of technology, there might be a chance
of implementing diagnosis equipment on the water, and
underwater surveillance monitoring, which results in the
increase of health and growth of shrimps.
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