Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Electronics and Renewable Systems (ICEARS-2023).

IEEE Xplore Part Number: CFP23AV8-ART; ISBN: 979-8-3503-4664-0

Automatic Fish Feeder System using

ATMEGA328p Microcontroller
2023 Second International Conference on Electronics and Renewable Systems (ICEARS) | 979-8-3503-4664-0/23/$31.00 ©2023 IEEE | DOI: 10.1109/ICEARS56392.2023.10085291

M uthuluru M anjusha Pullagura Sriram N Prabakaran

Department of Electronics and
Communication Engineering
Koneru Lakshmaiah Education
Foundation
Vaddeswaram, A.P., India-522502
manjushachowdary282@gmail.com
Department of Electronics and
Communication Engineering
Koneru Lakshmaiah Education
Foundation
Vaddeswaram, A.P., India-522502
sriramp31@gmail.com
Department of Electronics and
Communication Engineering
Koneru Lakshmaiah Education
Foundation
Vaddeswaram, A.P., India-522502
prabakaran@kluniveristy.in

Abstract— There has been a lot of research done in this area as
a result of the rise of fish farming and aquaculture. Here, the
management of the provided food is crucial. The goal of this
research is to automate the system in order to decrease manual
labour and save labour time. This has to do with a system that
gives fish food in predetermined amounts at predetermined
times. The basic idea behind the working concept is to regulate
how much food is fed to the in a fish tank unit at specific
intervals. The original, which combines mechanical and
electrical components, produces precisely the right amount of
food at the right time by rotating a servo motor in steps, which
reduces labour costs. This aids in distributing food evenly
around the body of water and feeds the fish on its own after a
day, making the system accurate and dependable. If utilized on
a large scale, the prototype fish feeder system is a technique
that can be used in fish farming or aquaculture.
Keywords— ESP8266, ATMega328p, L293D Motor driver,
Infrared sen sor, DS18B20 (direct-to-digital temperatu re) sen sor,
Mini water pump, Liquid crystal display, Ultrasonic sensor,
Buzzer.
problem, our approach to the problem is simp le, the system
is developed continuously monitoring water quality and
detecting when water quality parameters change
dramat ically and when food beco mes food. It automatically
notifies the farmer if there is a shortage in the container. It
can increase productivity. If the user is remote, the web
interface can prov ide the user with up to-date informat ion on
water quality and food availability.
I have created a system using ATmega328p and
ESP8266 Wi-Fi microcontroller and sensors like IR sensor,
temperature sensor, ultrasonic sensor and liquid level sensor.
The temperature sensor is used to gauge the temperature of
the water, level sensor is used to measure the water level in
the tank. The presence of food is detected by an infrared
sensor. When the box runs out of food, it opens
automatically and the farmer can fill the bo x with food. I
used the L293 motor driver for th is project. Indeed, if there is
no water in the automatic tank, the motor will run and the
water will be filled

Automat ically, 16*2 LCD screen is used to display

I. INT RODUCT ION
Aquaculture is a type of agriculture in wh ich
aquatic plants and animals are bred, grown, and sold in a
regulated setting. Seafood is one of the most consumed
foods in the world, and as conventional marine fishing
cannot meet this gro wing demand, many coun tries are
rearing aquatic plants and animals in the wild. Controlled
environment. We turn our attention to aquaculture. The
success or failure of the farm depends on the quality of the
water there. These man-made environ ments must take into
account the potential hazards of suspended solids,
temperature, dissolved gases, pH, and toxic metal and
mineral content. The elements of water quality include
temperature, dissolved oxygen, ammon ia, p H, and alkalinity,
among others. These parameters can be defined in a number
of ways, but they take t ime and are ineffective. Regular
monitoring of these parameters is difficu lt. A smart IOT-
based water quality mon itoring system can solve all these
problems. Although there are existing solutions to this
water level, water temperature and IR. Another part is
extended using esp8266 WIFI device. The data is moved to
the cloud (Thing View Free App) and you can monitor the
data in real t ime. Have a notification bo x whenever there is
no food in the bin and no water in the bin. Based on this, it
has been updated in the Thing View app.
II. OBJECTIVES
Our project is s mall step towards is to reduce the manual
work and save labour time through making system
automated. The capacity of fish farming has enlarged
quickly, and now this is a major source of seafood due to the
use of current technologies as well as changes in the
aquaculture community structure. Since this rapid gro wth
has emerged, observing and controlling these farms' feeding
practises is crucial since overfeeding and malnutrit ion put
fish health at risk and lower the quality o f the water in
indoor fish tanks.

979-8-3503-4664-0/23/$31.00 ©2023 IEEE 277

Authorized licensed use limited to: UNIVERSITY TEKNOLOGI MALAYSIA. Downloaded on April 24,2024 at 12:30:43 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.
 Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Electronics and Renewable Systems (ICEARS-2023).
IEEE Xplore Part Number: CFP23AV8-ART; ISBN: 979-8-3503-4664-0

III. BACKGORUND C. ATmega328p

 At mega 328p Microcontroller Microchip's A high-performance, low-power controller is
 IR sensor the ATMEGA328P. 8-bit CPU constructed using the AVR
 Ultrasonic sensor RISC arch itecture is called the ATM EGA 328P. Due to its
 DS18B20 Temperature sensor use in ARDUINO boards, it is the most widely used AVR
 L293D Motor driver Controller.
 Water pump
 LCD
 Buzzer
 Esp8266 Wi-Fi Module

The automatic fish feeder system is built using the

microcontroller boards – Atmega328p and Esp8266 wh ich
controls the entire working of the system, sensors like IR
sensor, level sensor and temperature sensor are used for
various measurements like distance, temperature etc., and
L293D motor driver fo r the rotation of motors and indicators
Fig 1.3 ATmega328p
like LCD display, led and buzzer to display the monitored
parameters and show accordingly.
D. Ultrasonic Sensor
It is used to sense the presence of the object within a
A. ESP8266:
specified range. It consists of transmitter and receiver wh ich
It is microcontroller board which is an open-source platform converts the ultrasonic sound into electrical signals. It
used in various projects for different applications. It has provides 2cm to 400 cm range non-contact measurement.
GPIO, PWM, and ADC pins used for input/output trans -
receiving

Fig 1.4 ultrasonic sensor

E. DS18B20 Temperature sensor

It is used to detect the temperature of the targeted object
by observing the IR rays emitted from the target device.

Fig 1.1 ESP8266

B. L293D motor
It is a motor driver used to control the rotation of the
motors. Th is IC ch ip is designed to control 2 DC motors at a
time of type H-bridge. H-bridge is used for simp le circu it
connections requiring low current motors. Fig 1.5 DS18B20 temperature sensor

F. Infrared sensor
It is used to detect the motion and detect the infrared
radiation in its surrounding environment.

Fig 1.2 L293D driver

979-8-3503-4664-0/23/$31.00 ©2023 IEEE 278

Authorized licensed use limited to: UNIVERSITY TEKNOLOGI MALAYSIA. Downloaded on April 24,2024 at 12:30:43 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.
 Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Electronics and Renewable Systems (ICEARS-2023).
IEEE Xplore Part Number: CFP23AV8-ART; ISBN: 979-8-3503-4664-0
Fig 1.6 infrared sensor
G. Water pump
Submersible pump is used to pump the liquid outside of
the container and push it on the target surface.
Fig 1.7 water pump
H. LCD Display
LCD display is used to display content as declared in code.
It consists of 2 lines with each of 16 characters per line.
Fig 1.8 LCD display
I. Buzzer
It is used as an alarm device, used for buzzers and beepers.
These are audio signalling devices of different types like
mechanical, piezoelectric or electrical mechanical.
Fig 1.9 buzzer
IV . METHODOLOGY
The sensors connected to the microcontroller board are
activated when the controller board is connected to power
979-8-3503-4664-0/23/$31.00 ©2023 IEEE
Authorized licensed use limited to: UNIVERSITY TEKNOLOGI MALAYSIA. Downloaded on April 24,2024 at 12:30:43 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.
supply. The IR sensor detects the presence of objects. The
contactless temperature sensor detects the temperature of the
water and ultrasonic sensor measures the level of water
present in the tank.
All the measured values fro m sensors are been processed
by the ESP8266 According to the logic du mped in ESP8266,
the ESP8266 controls the actions that are needed to be
implemented by actuators. Here IR sensor is used to detect
when there is no food in the food container box
automatically it will open the box when a person is going to
put inside the box. The DS18B20 temperature is used to
measure the temperature of the water inside the tank.
In the same way the level of water present is also been
measured by ultrasonic sensor so if water is low in the tank
automatically by using the water pump it will refill the tank.
If the food is not present in the bo x auto matically the buzzer
will detect. The temperature, water and IR level will display
on the LCD (Liquid crystal display).Finally based on this it
has been updated on the thing view free app.
V .WORKING PRINCIPLE
The basic idea behind the working concept is to regulate
how much food is fed to the fish tank unit at certain time
intervals. The prototype, which comb ines mechanical and
electrical co mponents, produces precisely the right amount
of food at the right moment by rotating the servo motor in
steps, which reduces labour costs.
This aids in distributing food evenly around the body of
water and feeds the fish on its own after a day, making the
system accurate and dependable. If ut ilised on a large scale,
the prototype fish feeder system is a technique that can be
used in fish farming or aquaculture. As well as these we are
implementing the temperature, water level, obstacle
detection etc.
In this we will measure the temperature o f the water using
the DS18B20 temperature sensor inside the tank. We will
quantity the water level of the tank by using the level sensor
if the water is less or not sufficient to the fishes it
automatically refill the tank by using servo motor. We will
measure the feeding level of the food container if the food is
not available inside the container automatically indicates the
user by ringing buzzer.
279
 Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Electronics and Renewable Systems (ICEARS-2023).
IEEE Xplore Part Number: CFP23AV8-ART; ISBN: 979-8-3503-4664-0

VI .BLOCK DIAGRAM Process starts with measuring the parameters of

temperature of the water, parallel calculat ing the level of
water and IR level.

VIII. OUTPUT

The hardware connections of the project go like this,

integrating the sensors with controller board and monitors
the changes connected to the LCD display to Esp8266.The
temperature of the water, level of the water and IR level it
will display on the LCD (Liquid crystal display). And also
the buzzer will ring altering the person there is no food in
the container.
Motor driver works according to the conditions, if all
the parameters are as declared in code, the motor rotates and
automatically by the submersible pump it will refill the tank
when there is no water inside the tank.

Fig 2 Block diagram

VII .PROCESSFLOW
The overall workflow moves as mentioned diagrammatically
in the process flow.

Fig 4 hardware connections

Fig 4.1.Output

Fig 3 flow chart

979-8-3503-4664-0/23/$31.00 ©2023 IEEE 280

Authorized licensed use limited to: UNIVERSITY TEKNOLOGI MALAYSIA. Downloaded on April 24,2024 at 12:30:43 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.
 Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Electronics and Renewable Systems (ICEARS-2023).
IEEE Xplore Part Number: CFP23AV8-ART; ISBN: 979-8-3503-4664-0
Fig 4.2 Temperature level
This graph represents the temperature of the water inside
the tank.
Fig 4.3.Water level
This graph represents the level of the water inside the tank if
water is less or not sufficient to fishes automatically it refill
the tank using motor.
Fig 4.4.feeding level
This graph represents the feeding level in the container box.
If food is not available inside the container it automatically
indicates to the user by ringing Buzzer.
979-8-3503-4664-0/23/$31.00 ©2023 IEEE
Authorized licensed use limited to: UNIVERSITY TEKNOLOGI MALAYSIA. Downloaded on April 24,2024 at 12:30:43 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.
IX. CONCLUSION
This study offers a practical method of feeding fish. The fish
owner may unwind knowing everything that food will be
given to the fish at the appropriate t ime intervals. This is
beneficial when the owner is travelling or being too busy to
deal with the routine schedule for feeding. The development
of an automatic fish feeder powered by Arduino was
successful completion.
X. LIMITATIONS
The life time o f the sensors, actuators and LCD might not
be longer which might spoil or burn due to overheat and
other technical issues.
XI. FUTURE SCOPE
Considering the past situations and the problems wh ich are
facing by the farmers the system needs to be installed in
most possible places. We can add some additional features
including automat ic fish feed ing system. And if the food is
not available in the container automatically informing it
prior through a message, so that the user can refill it.
REFERENCES
[1]. Fish T alk: An Iot -Based Mini Aquarium System - YI-BING LIN,
(Fellow, IEEE), AND HUNGCHUN T SEN.
[2] “AQUA”: A New Audio Quality Monitoring Algorithm for the
Performance of DRM Receivers in Fading Channels Karim Med hat
Nasr, Member, IEE
[3]. Design and Implementation of a Smart Seawater Aquarium System
Based on Artificial Intelligence of Things Technology Liang-Bi Chen ,
Senior Member, IEEE, Yi-Hsuan Liu, Xiang-Rui Huang , Student
Member, IEEE, Wei-Han Chen, and Wei-Chien Wang
[ 4]. Incorporating Intelligence in Fish Feeding System for Dispensing Feed
Based on Fish Feeding Intensity MUTIU A. ADEGBOYE 1 ,
(Member, IEEE), ABIODUN M. AIBINU2 , JONAT HAN G.
KOLO3 , IBRAHIM ALIYU4 , TALIHA A. FOLORUNSO2 , AND
SUN-HO LEE4
[ 5]. Towards Fish Individuality-Based Aquaculture Rudolf Schraml , Heinz
Hofbauer, Ehsaneddin Jillian , Dinar Bekkozhayeva,
Mohammadmehdi Saberioon , PetrCisar, and Andreas Uh
[ 6]. Investment guide for sustainable aquaculture. [Online]. Available:
https://www.idhsustainabletrade.com/publication/ investment-guide-
for-sustainable-aquaculture
[7]. Understanding water quality for aquaculture | WorldWide aquaculture.
[Online]. Available: http://worldwideaquaculture.com/ understanding-
water-quality-for-aquaculture/
[8] Water temperature in aquaculture - responsible seafood advocate.
[Online]. Available: https://www.globalseafood.org/advocate/ water-
temperature-in-aquaculture/
[ 9]. R. K. Kodali and A. C. Sabu, “Aqua monitoring system using aws,” in
2022 International Conference on Computer Communication and
Informatics (ICCCI). IEEE, 2022, pp. 1–5
[10].C. S. Goud, S. Das, R. Kumar, C. V. Mahamuni, and S. Khedkar,
“Wireless sensor network (wsn) model for shrimp culture monitoring
using open source IOT” in 2020 Second International Conference on
Inventive Research in Computing Applications (ICIRCA). IEEE, 2020,
pp. 764-767
[11] W. Sung, J. Chen and H. Wang, "Remote fish aquaculture
monitoring system based on wireless transmission
technology", 2014 International Conference on Information Science
Electronics and Electrical Engineering, pp. 540-544, 2014.
281
 Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Electronics and Renewable Systems (ICEARS-2023).
IEEE Xplore Part Number: CFP23AV8-ART; ISBN: 979-8-3503-4664-0

[12]. M. Z. H. Noor, A.K. Hussian, M. F. Saaid, M. S. A. Ali and M.

Zolkapli, "The Design and Development of Automatic Fish Feeder
System Using PIC Microcontroller", Graduate Research Colloquium
(ICSGRC 2012), 2012.
[13] M Manoj, "Automatic Fish Feeder", International Journal of Advances
in Science Engineering and Technology, vol. 3, no. 3, Sept. 2015,
ISSN 2321-9009.
[14] Prashant Singh, Amit Kumar Sharma, Payal Sood and Paramdeep
Singh, "Remote Controlled and GSM Based Automatic Fish
Feeder", IJEEE, vol. 2, no. 2, April 2015, ISSN 1694-2310.
[15] Smart Pet Care System using Internet of things.
http://www.sersc.org/journals/IJSH/vol10_no3_2016/ 21.pdf Author:-
Seungcheon Kim, he has received the B.S., M.S. and Ph.D. degrees in
Electronic Engineering Department of Yonsei University, 2016
[16].Development of Automatic Fish Feeder.
https://globaljournals.org/GJRE_Volume16/3-Development-of
Automatic-Fish.pdf Authors:- Md. Nasir Uddin, Mm Rashid, Mg
Mostafa, Belayet H, Sm Salam, Na Nithe, Mw Rahman & A
AzizInternational Islamic University Malaysia, 2016
[17]. Hidayatul Nur Binti Hasim, Mritha Ramalingam, Ferda Ernawan
and R Puviarasi, "Developing fish feeder system using Raspberry
Pi", Third International Conference on Advances in Electrical
Electroni Information Communication and Bio-Informatics (AEEICB),
2017.

979-8-3503-4664-0/23/$31.00 ©2023 IEEE 282

Authorized licensed use limited to: UNIVERSITY TEKNOLOGI MALAYSIA. Downloaded on April 24,2024 at 12:30:43 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.