**AP Chemistry Practice Paper**

**Section I: Multiple Choice**

1. Which of the following statements accurately describes an atom?

a) Protons are located outside the nucleus.
b) Neutrons are negatively charged particles.
c) Electrons have a mass equal to that of a proton.
d) Protons determine the chemical properties of an element.

2. What is the maximum number of electrons that can occupy the third energy level (n=3) in an
atom?
a) 2
b) 8
c) 18
d) 32

3. What is the chemical formula for sulfur hexafluoride?

a) SF₆
b) S₂F₆
c) SF₃
d) S₆F

4. Which of the following is an example of an exothermic reaction?

a) Burning of methane gas
b) Photosynthesis
c) Decomposition of hydrogen peroxide
d) Melting of ice

5. What is the molar mass of calcium chloride (CaCl₂)?

a) 40.08 g/mol
b) 55.85 g/mol
c) 110.98 g/mol
d) 147.02 g/mol

6. Which of the following is a weak acid?

a) Hydrochloric acid (HCl)
b) Nitric acid (HNO₃)
c) Acetic acid (CH₃COOH)
d) Sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄)

7. How many moles of potassium nitrate (KNO₃) are in 250 grams of the compound?
 a) 0.25 moles
b) 1.5 moles
c) 2.5 moles
d) 3.0 moles

8. Which of the following statements accurately describes a redox reaction?

a) Electrons are gained by the reducing agent.
b) Oxidation increases the oxidation number of an atom.
c) Reduction involves the loss of electrons.
d) The reducing agent is oxidized.

9. What is the pH of a solution with a hydrogen ion concentration of 1 x 10⁻⁶ M?

a) 1
b) 6
c) 8
d) 14

10. Which of the following is a characteristic property of a gas?

a) Definite shape and volume
b) Indefinite shape and volume
c) Definite shape and indefinite volume
d) Indefinite shape and definite volume

**Section II: Free Response**

1. Calculate the mass percent composition of oxygen in water (H₂O).

2. Write the balanced chemical equation for the reaction between hydrochloric acid (HCl) and
sodium hydroxide (NaOH) to produce water and sodium chloride (NaCl).

3. Define the term "equilibrium" in chemical kinetics and provide an example of a reversible
reaction.

4. Calculate the molarity of a solution prepared by dissolving 25 grams of potassium iodide (KI)
in enough water to make 500 milliliters of solution.

5. Explain the difference between an endothermic reaction and an exothermic reaction, and
provide an example of each.

**Answer Key**

1. d) Protons determine the chemical properties of an element.

2. b) 8
3. a) SF₆
4. a) Burning of methane gas
5. c) 110.98 g/mol
6. c) Acetic acid (CH₃COOH)
7. c) 2.5 moles
8. b) Oxidation increases the oxidation number of an atom.
9. b) 6
10. d) Indefinite shape and definite volume

**Scoring:**
- Each correct answer in Section I: Multiple Choice is worth 1 point.
- Each correct response in Section II: Free Response is worth 5 points.
- Total score out of 60 points.

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