GLOBAL DEMOGRAPHY

Demography- The statistical study of the human population.

The demography studies the ff:

1.Population size- the number of people in a country, a state, a city, a

region or the world at a given time.

2.Population Growth or decline- changes number of people in a given

geographic area over time.

3.Population Processes- fertility, mortality and migration.

4.Population Distribution- geographic distribution, such as among states

or between rural and urban areas.

5.Population structure- age and sex composition.

6.Population Characteristics- education, income, labor force

participation, marital status.

Theory of Demographic Transition:

The theory of demographic transition is a framework that explains the

relationship between population dynamics and economic development. It

suggests that as societies undergo industrialization and modernization,

their population patterns transition through distinct stages.

1.Pre- Industrial Society- In this stage when the levels of technology and

medicine are still low, the population growth is kept in check through

preventive and positive checks.

2.Early Transition- During this period, death rates are significantly

reduced. Modern medicine and an improved food supply, specially for

children and better education reduce the number of deaths caused by

diseases and malnutrition, at the same time, the high birth rate is

maintained due to lack of contraception which in turn causes a rapid growth

in population. At this stage, people have a longer life expectancy.

3.Late Transition- At this stage, birth rates start to fall with advances in

medicine and contraception methods and increased awareness through

health education.

4.Post Transition- At this stage, The birth and death rates are both low.

Wealthier societies tend to achieve this phenomenon resulting in a more

stable society. Countries with wealthy economies, Family planning, better

healthcare system, high levels of education and higher social and

economic enfranchisement for women tend to maintain low birth and death

rates.