Abbasids

 In 750 Umayyad dynasty declined and Abbasids came into power.

 Iraq was conquered by the Abbasid and they shifted their capital from Damascus to Baghdad.
 Their period last from 750-1258
 In the early years of their rule, they were settled in Kufa (city of Iraq)
 Later on, they shifted their capital to Baghdad when Al-Mansur identify the place in 762. The
city has a grand mosque in the centre and has caliph’s quarters all around it where his army and
retinue alert all the time for his security.
 They have introduced the system of taxation and trade with other countries like China and
developed a quick wealth increasing rate.
 They also began an enormous construction pattern during their region.
 They support the science and learning system.
 Moreover, they also contributed to the fields of papermaking, ceramics, arts, science, medicine,
philosophy, grammar, Quranic studies, historical research, literature and biographies of the
Hazrat Muhammad (SAW).
 During the Abbasid period, they had called up slaves in their armies from central Asia. To
manage the responsibilities of the administration, defence and politics, these soldiers played an
important role in these dynasties. Overtime when these slaves hold the power and declared
their dynasties as well.
 The Abbasids wanted to remain in power for the next three centuries but historical events
changes and they found rival caliphates from Egypt and Spain. These other dynasties were
supported by the military powers who were also acknowledged the Abbasids as their symbolic
importance.
 The Abbasids were defeated by the Mongols in 1258 and Othaman Dynasty emerged as the next
Muslim dynasty after them.