EXPERIMENT – 1

AIM: To analyse the given inorganic salt for acidic and basic radicals

Physical State Solid

Colour White (Cu2+, Fe2+, Fe3+ , Ni2+, Mn2+,Co2+absent)
Odour Ammonium smell May be NH4 +
Odour when rubbed with water Vinegar like smell 4 May be CH3COO –
Solubility Soluble in water
Dry heating test No Characteristic flame Pb2+, Cu2+, Ca2+, Sr2+ , Ba2+, Zn2+ absent

(A) Identification of Acidic Radical:

(a) Preliminary test:
Experiment Observation Inference
1. Salt + dil H2SO4 No gas evolved. CO2−
3 , S 2−
, NO2− ,SO2−
3 may be absent.

2. KMnO4 test: Salt + dil. H2SO4 KMnO4 was decolourised. Cl− , Br − , I − , C2 O4 2− absent
+ drop of KMnO4 sol
3. Salt + conc H2SO4 Colourless vapours with smell of vinegar, CH3COO− may be present.
turns blue litmus red.
Confirmative test :
Oxalic acid test: Take a small quantity of Smell like that of vinegar. CH3COO− Confirmed
the salt on a watch glass. Mix it with solid
oxalic acid. Prepare paste of it with a few
drops of water. Rub the paste and smell

(B) Identification of Basic Radical

(a) Preliminary Test

Experiment Observation Inference

1. Salt Solution + NaOH + Heat Smell of NH3 Zero group present NH4+ may be

(b) Confirmative test

Experiment Observation Inference

Nessler’s reagent test : Salt Reddish brown ppt. is formed NH4+ confirmed.
Solution + NaOH + Nessler’s Reagent
NaOH test :
Salt Solution + NaOH + Heat. Smell of NH3
Bring a glass rod dipped in conc. HCl Dense white fumes of NH4Cl are formed. NH4+ confirmed.

CHEIMCAL REACTIONS:

Acidic Radical:
Preliminary test:
1. CH3COONH4 + H2SO4 → NH4HSO4 + CH3COOH
Confirmative test:
1. (COOH)2 + 2CH3COONH4 → 2COONH4 + 2CH3COOH
Basic Radical:
Preliminary test:
∆
1. CH3COONH4 + NaOH → CH3COONa + NH3 + H2O
2. Nessler’s Reagent test: 2K2[HgI4] + NH3 + 3NaOH → H2N.HgO.HgI + 4KI + 3NaI + 2H2O
Result: The given inorganic salt contains following:

Acidic Radical: - CH3COO− ;

Basic Radical: NH4+

Salt: CH3COONH4
 EXPERIMENT – 2
AIM: To analyse the given inorganic salt for acidic and basic radicals

Physical State Solid

Colour White (Cu2+, Fe2+, Fe3+ , Ni2+, Mn2+,Co2+absent)
Odour when rubbed with water Vinegar like smell 4 May be CH3COO –
Solubility Soluble in water –
Dry heating test Dull bluish white Pb2+ may be present
(A) Identification of Acidic Radical:
(a) Preliminary test:
Experiment Observation Inference
1. Salt + dil H2SO4 No gas evolved. CO2−
3 , S 2−
, NO2− ,SO2−
3 may be absent.

2. KMnO4 test: Salt + dil. H2SO4 KMnO4 was decolourised. Cl− , Br − , I − , C2 O4 2− absent
+ drop of KMnO4 sol
3. Salt + conc H2SO4 Colourless vapours with smell of vinegar, CH3COO− may be present.
turns blue litmus red.
Confirmative test :
Oxalic acid test: Take a small quantity of Smell like that of vinegar. CH3COO− Confirmed
the salt on a watch glass. Mix it with solid
oxalic acid. Prepare paste of it with a few
drops of water. Rub the paste and smell
(B) Identification of Basic Radical
(a) Preliminary Test

Experiment Observation Inference

1. Salt Solution + NaOH+ Heat No Smell of NH3 NH4+ is absent

2. Salt Solution + dil HCl White precipitate Pb2+ is present.

(b) Confirmative test

Experiment Observation Inference

Filter and wash the white ppt obtained in Yellow ppt is formed. Pb2+ is confirmed.
step 2 with cold water and boil the ppt
with 5 – 10 ml hot water and add KI
solution.

CHEIMCAL REACTIONS:

Acidic Radical:
Preliminary test:
1. Pb(CH3COO)2 + H2SO4 → Pb(HSO4)2 + CH3COOH
Confirmative test:
1. (COOH)2 + Pb(CH3COO)2 → (COO)2Pb + 2CH3COOH
Basic Radical:
Preliminary test:
1. Pb(CH3COO)2 + 2HCl → PbCl2 (white ppt) + 2CH3COOH
Confirmation test:
2. PbCl2 + 2KI → PbI2 (yellow ppt) + 2KCl
Result: The given inorganic salt contains following:

Acidic Radical: - CH3COO−

Basic Radical: Pb2+
Salt: Pb(CH3COO)2
 EXPERIMENT – 3
AIM: To analyse the given inorganic salt for acidic and basic radicals
Physical State Solid
Colour White (Cu2+, Fe2+, Fe3+ , Ni2+, Mn2+,Co2+absent)
Odour when rubbed with water Vinegar like smell 4 May be CH3COO –
Solubility Soluble in water
Dry heating test Pungent smell, Reddish brown gas turns
ferrous sulphate solution black. May be NO2− or NO3−
Flame Test Dull bluish white Pb2+ may be present
(A) Identification of Acidic Radical:
(a) Preliminary test:
Experiment Observation Inference
1. Salt + dil H2SO4 No gas evolved. CO2−
3 , S , NO2− , SO2−
2−
3 may be
absent.
2. KMnO4 test: Salt + dil. H2SO4 KMnO4 was decolourised. Cl− , Br − , I − , C2 O4 2− absent
+ drop of KMnO4 sol
3. Salt + conc H2SO4 Reddish brown gas with pungent NO−
3 may be present.
smell, turns FeSO4 solution black.
Confirmative test :
Ring test: NO−
3 may be present
Aqueous salt solution + Freshly A dark brown ring is formed at the
prepared FeSO4 + pour conc H2SO4 junction of the layers of the acid
acid slowly along the sides of the and the solution.
test tube.

(B) Identification of Basic Radical

(a) Preliminary Test

Experiment Observation Inference

1. Salt Solution + NaOH+ Heat No Smell of NH3 NH4+ is absent

2. Salt Solution + dil HCl White precipitate Pb2+ is present.

(b) Confirmative test

Experiment Observation Inference

2+
Filter and wash the white ppt Yellow ppt is formed. Pb is confirmed.
obtained in step 2 with cold water
and boil the ppt with 5 – 10 ml hot
water and add KI solution.

CHEIMCAL REACTIONS:
Acidic Radical:
Preliminary test:
1. Pb(NO3)2 + 2H2SO4 → Pb(HSO4)2 + 2HNO3
4HNO3 + C (Paper pallet) → 4NO2 (reddish brown) + CO2 + 2H2O
Confirmatory test:
1. Ring test:
Pb(NO3)2 + 2H2SO4 → Pb(HSO4)2 + 2HNO3
6FeSO4 + 3H2SO4 + 2HNO3 → 3 Fe2(SO4)3 + 4 H2O + 2NO
FeSO4 + NO + 5H2O → [Fe(H2O)5 (NO)] SO4
Basic Radical:
Preliminary test:
1. Pb(NO3)2 + 2HCl → PbCl2 (white ppt) + 2HNO3
Confirmation test:
1. PbCl2 + 2KI → PbI2 (yellow ppt) + 2KCl
Result: The given inorganic salt contains following:
Acidic Radical: - NO−
3 ;

Basic Radical: Pb2+

Salt: Pb(NO3)2
 EXPERIMENT – 4
AIM: To analyse the given inorganic salt for acidic and basic radicals
Physical State Solid
Colour White (Cu2+, Fe2+, Fe3+ , Ni2+,
Odour Ammonium smell 4 Mn2+,Co2+absent)
Solubility Soluble in water May be NH4 +
No Characteristic flame Pb2+, Cu2+, Ca2+, Sr2+ , Ba2+, Zn2+ absent
Flame Test

(A) Identification of Acidic Radical:

(a) Preliminary test:
Experiment Observation Inference
1. Salt + dil H2SO4 No gas evolved. CO2−3 , S 2−
, NO − 2−
2 , SO3 may be
absent.
2. KMnO4 test: Salt + dil. H2SO4 KMnO4 was decolourised. Cl− , Br − , I − , C2 O4 2− absent
+ drop of KMnO4 sol
3. Salt + conc H2SO4 No gas evolved. Cl− , Br − , I− , C2 O4 2− , NO−
3
CH3COO− may be absent.
(b) Confirmative test
Experiment Observation Inference
Confirmative test :
Barium Chloride test: SO2−
4 Confirmed
aqueous salt solution + BaCl2 A white ppt insoluble in dil HCl.
(B) Identification of Basic Radical
(a) Preliminary Test
Experiment Observation Inference
1. Salt Solution + NaOH+ Heat Smell of NH3 Zero group present. It may be NH4+

(b) Confirmative test

Experiment Observation Inference

Nessler’s reagent test : Salt Reddish brown ppt. is formed NH4+ confirmed.
Solution + NaOH + Nessler’s
Reagent
NaOH test :
Salt Solution + NaOH + Heat. Smell of NH3
Bring a glass rod dipped in conc. Dense white fumes of NH4Cl are
formed. NH4+ confirmed.
HCl

CHEIMCAL REACTIONS:
Acidic Radical:
Confirmatory test:
1. (NH4)2SO4 + BaCl2 → BaSO4 (white ppt) + 2 NH4Cl
Basic Radical:
Preliminary test:
∆
1. (NH4)2SO4 + 2NaOH → Na2SO4 + 2NH3 + 2H2O
2. Nessler’s Reagent test: 2K2[HgI4] + NH3 + 3NaOH → H2N.HgO.HgI + 4KI + 3NaI + 2H2O
Result: The given inorganic salt contains following:
Acidic Radical: - SO2−
4

Basic Radical: NH4+

Salt: (NH4)2SO4