Prepared by : Muhammad Ismail email: ismailkh422@icloud.

com

Academic writing
Academic writing is a formal style of writing used in universities and scholarly publications.
You’ll encounter it in journal articles and books on academic topics, and you’ll be expected to
write your essays, research papers, and dissertation in academic style.
Academic writing is a clear, concise, focused, structure by evidence. It has a formal tune and
style. Style of writing we use in the field of academies, research project term paper, conference
paper, essay and report. Academic writing had its own set of rules and structures.
Academic writing:
1. Formal and unbiased
2. Focused and well structured
3. Well sourced
4. Correct and consistent
5. Clear and precise
Example of academic writing
Essay : A fairly short, self-contained argument, often using sources from a class in response to a
question provided by an instructor.
Research paper : A more in-depth investigation based on independent research, often in
response to a question chosen by the student.
Thesis/dissertation: The large final research project undertaken at the end of a degree, usually
on a dissertation topic of the student’s choice.
Research proposal: An outline of a potential topic and plan for a future dissertation or research
project.
Lab report : A write-up of the aims, methods, results, and conclusions of a lab experiment.

Descriptive Writing
The objective of such writing is to introduce facts and information to the reader. It is one of the
most simple forms of academic writing. A lab report that informs the reader about the results of
an experiment is an example of descriptive writing. Descriptive writing is also used for
describing people, places, situations, events, etc.
Analytical Writing
A piece of analytical writing generally includes- problem description, probable solutions to the
problem, assessment of the different methods of solution and their comparison. The views
expressed in the analysis are impartial. The writer cogitates over the facts and the ideas that
relate to the problem and its solution. A piece of analytical writing may include graphs, flow-
charts, diagrams to improve clarity of understanding. Different Styles of Academic Content
Writing
Persuasive Writing
This writing style goes one step beyond analytical writing. A persuasive writing piece carries the
view/perspective of the writer also. In fact, the writer attempts to convince the reader to adopt a
perspective. To help achieve this objective, the writer uses arguments supported by reason and
evidence. Academic essays are persuasive in nature. News editorials, advertisements, reviews of
electronic gadgets, etc. have a persuasive writing style.
Critical Writing
This is the preferred writing style for research-oriented writing work. Critical writing takes more
than one source of information to develop an argument. A piece of critical writing summarizes
all/part of work on a topic, including interpretations, assumptions and methodology. The piece
also carries an opinion of the work taken into account and the writer’s point of view on the topic.
The content is rich in analysis and strongly evidenced. The writer has a thorough understanding
of the topic and strong writing skills.
1. Purpose Of Academic Writing
• There are several purposes of academic writing but the main purpose of academic writing is to
provide the information with a clear, appropriate and thoughtful image of that specific topic.
There are so many types of academic writing and each of them is written to provide for its
specific purpose, for example, one type of academic writing is done for an explanation of the
subject, the other is done just to describe etc. Now, moving toward the overall purpose of
academic writing, they are as follows:

A) Accuracy:
• When you start writing you need to use more accurate and authentic words. Some students use
more unclear word combinations like “many people say” or “once a person said” are not
considered to feel accurate in academic writing. So one of the purposes of academic writing is to
provide the reader with correct and accurate information.
b) Density:
• On the daily basis we use very simple language and in a very clear way but when we write or
read academic content it is complex. In academic writing, we have to use more accurate
language from all points of view which include grammar, phrases, clauses, subordinates,
qualifying adjective etc.
c) Correctness:
• During the academic writing, you should avoid informal language. The purpose of academic
writing is to avoid using short forms and dialect words in your writing.
2. The Principle Of Academic Writing
• Your papers must have a clear purpose. It presents your original point of view.
• Your writing must have a single focus – all paragraphs have to include relevant evidence (facts,
expert opinions, and quotations, examples) to support your thesis statement.
• You must follow a standard organizational pattern. Every academic text must include the
following parts: an introduction, the main body, and a conclusion. Some papers may require an
abstract.
• As a writer, you need to provide clear, logical, and simple explanations to your reader.
• You should refer to a number of scholarly sources. You need to integrate source materials into
your discussion.
• To ensure academic integrity, all college essays should be formatted in accordance with the
requirements of one of the specific citation styles – APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago that determine
the rules for in-text citations, paper sections, format, reference list.
3. Why Academic Writing Is Important
• Every academic paper is a kind of communication tool that allows students to convey the
acquired knowledge in a certain discipline. For this reason, academic writing and research
cannot avoid producing academic papers as it is a vital part of academia.

.4. It Improves Critical Thinking Skills

• When you are writing an academic paper, you are not limited to simply presenting information.
The process also involves conducting careful research and assessing information, identifying
whether it is relevant to your topic or not. Such a process helps increase intellectual capacity and
enables you to think critically on various issues. Furthermore, it provides you with an
opportunity to look into a topic from different dimensions and come up with appropriate
solutions. When you use some academic writing tips, you know that the first and most important
stage is planning because a good paper requires a clear structure.
5 It Prepares You for the Future
• Writing assignments, which you get in college and university, actually prepare you for
completing more challenging projects that require analytical skills. Most job positions require the
ability to take up complex challenges. Good academic writing skills will help you look at the
problems from different angles.
6. It Increases Your Knowledge
• While acquiring education, students learn multiple subjects and come across various courses in
different disciplines. They are often assigned to produce academic papers on most of these
subjects. Due to this, students enhance their knowledge in numerous academic disciplines. It
broadens their horizons and enables them to discuss various topics.
Every time a student writes an essay he or she scrutinizes something new, thus learning to have
different perspectives on particular arguments. So it can be said that academic writing certainly
provides you with a chance to be innovative and brainstorm ideas you couldn’t come up with
earlier. Furthermore, writing papers on different issues and disciplines significantly improves the
vocabulary and makes the language more literate.