DISEDIAKAN OLEH: MUHAMMAD HANIFF IKMAL BIN HANIFAH

(D20221102612)
AHMAD NAJMUDDIN BIN AHMAD SHAFRI

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TAJUK: Sports Technique Biomechanical Analysis In High Jump

BACK GROUND OF STUDY

The high jump is a track and field event in which competitors must jump unaided over a
horizontal bar placed at a certain measured height without letting go. In the modern format
that is often practiced, the bar is placed between two standards with a landing mat. In
modern times, athletes run towards the bar and use the Fosbury Flop style to jump, jumping
head first with their back over the bar. Since ancient times, competitors have introduced
increasingly effective techniques to achieve the current form.

In our study, we have studied the concept of center of gravity or center of mass (COM) and
also the angle when athletes want to jump. In this study, the center of gravity and stability of
the athlete is a very important aspect. The athlete's center of gravity or center of mass
greatly affects the overall stability and balance of the athlete while jumping. Athletes tend to
keep their center of mass aligned over the jump bar to obtain optimal balance and reduce
the risk of falling. Next, when jumping, athletes try to control the position of the center of
mass and also the angle of their feet when jumping to reach the maximum height to pass
the bar.

The position of the athlete's body also plays a role when the athlete jumps, such as the
angle of view, the arch of the back and the position of the feet to determine the center of
mass and also the angle of the feet when jumping is not too low.

PROBLEM STATEMENT

Problem statement for this study is whether the amount of short steps before jumping will
affect the angle during the take-off phase? and does COM affect the athlete's stability during
the gliding phase of the jump?.
OBJECTIVE

The objective of this study is studying the angle during the take-off phase can affect the
height of the jump and study COM factors that affect the stability of athletes while
performing jumps.

SIGNIFICANT OF STUDY

This study aims to study the COM and the angle during the athlete's jump phase where it
greatly affects the athlete's jump height. The dependency of centre of mass of the high
jumpers depending on different kinematics variables during the takeoff is studied. Centre of
mass and velocity together determining the height of the flight was shown. Variables such as
the difference in the number of small steps before jumping are also used to determine the
difference in terms of jump height

DEMOGRAPHIC

SUBJECT AGE WEIGHT(kg) HEIGHT(cm) BMI

WAWA 22 50 167 17.9
LILI 22 51 163 19.2

EQUIPMENT

The equipment for this study is an Oppo A12 phone, tripod stand and Kinovea apps.

PROCEDURE
The phone will be attached to a tripod stand to ensure a clearer recording. Subject A, namely
Wawa, will use the type of running 4-6 short steps while subject B, Lili 3-5 short steps and do
a jump. The recording results will be analyzed using the Kinovea app to get the angle.

RESULT

Result Approach Phase

Approach phase has running and the lifting point with one leg. We observed the approach
angle, number of steps of running before jumping, the running type and hand movement during
this phase.
Fig -1 shows the readings of approach body angle.

Fig-1 : Approach Body Angle

Approach Quantities

Quantities Wawa Lili

Approach Angle 68.1 70.3
Running Type 4 to 6 short steps 3 to 5 short steps
initially and then and then normal
normal
Hand Movement Normal Normal
(w.r.to legs) (w.r.to legs)
Take-off Phase

In this phase, the body position near the bar, hand position reaching towards bar.

Quantities Wawa Lili

Body position near Right Side/ Left side/
bar/Reaching Hand right Left

Hand Position Other hand bended Other hand straight

The number of steps was quantified for available dataset of different heights of jumping. The
table shows the comparison of stride length in terms of number of steps observed from the
slow motion videos of the dataset.
Trial of Different Heights Wawa Lili
1 8 9
2 9 9
3 9 10
DISCUSSION

The two player video is synchronized so that we get the simultaneous time of the approach
phase. This phase has running and lifting points with one leg. We observe approach angle, the
number of steps running before jumping during this phase. Through this study, we were able to
see that Wawa is able to jump higher than Lili and we think the approach angle affects
performance while doing the high jump. In this paper, we have performed kinovea-based video
analysis on two high jump performers. The analysis was made on three phases of high jump.
We performed angle measurements, side by side comparisons, height calculations, timing
calculations etc., The purpose was not to quantify the parameters, but to understand the major
and minor factors contributing the success. The bare vision capabilities of human cannot
observe these parameters. Hence, these findings will be helpful for the coaches as well as the
new high jump practitioners during practice. A systematic analysis using own video setup and
inclusion of professional high jumpers in real-time, would be a great advantage to get deeper
understanding

CONCLUSION

In this study, we investigated the role of leg opening angle in the context of athletic
performance in the high jump. The results show that the angle of leg opening has a significant
impact on the jump height achieved by athletes. Correct adjustment of this angle can optimize
the athlete's ability to reach maximum height. Our findings suggest that there is no one
universal leg opening angle for every athlete, but rather depends on individual factors such as
muscle strength, flexibility, and jumping technique. Therefore, a deeper understanding of how
leg opening angle affects high jump performance can help athletes and coaches to design
more effective training programs and improve overall performance in this sport.
REFERENCES

Rao, C. R., Kishore, Y., & Rao, J. R. Biomechanical Analysis of Centre of Mass Height during
the Takeoff Phase In Fosbury Flop High Jump of National Level Participants. International
Journal of Modern Communication Technologies and Research, 2(10), 265758.