B6 Group

Group members:

1. Putu Merta Yasa (035)

2. I Nyoman Darma Satya (039)
3. I Gde Tresnandika Wimaguna (042)
4. I Gusti Agung Gede Aditya Utama (052)

WEEK 3 QUESTIONS ON THE CONSTRUCTION OF WORDS

What is morpheme?

1. What is a morpheme?

Answer: Morpheme is the smallest meaningful unit

2. What do you call for the morphemes that can stand alone?

Answer: Free morphemes

3. What do you call for the morphemes that cannot stand alone?

Answer: Bound morphemes

4. What is LEXEME?

Answer: A unit of meaning in a language consisting of a word or group of words

5. How do you form new lexemes?

Answer: New lexemes formed with prefixes & suffixes on a base (derived words)
What are bound bases?

1. What are bound bases?

Answer: Bound bases are morphemes that cannot stand alone as words, but are not prefixes or
suffixes

2. Are prefixes and suffixes the same as bound bases?

Answer: Prefixes and suffixes are not the same as bound bases, the reason it’s because
prefixes and suffixes have fix position, meanwhile bound bases relatively more
mobile in position.

3. Why do prefixes and suffixes are considered to have fixed positions

Answer: Prefixes and suffixes are considered to have fixed positions because they typically
attach to specific parts of a word in a consistent manner. Prefixes are added to the
beginning of a word, while suffixes are added to the end. For example, the prefix
“un-“ is commonly added to the beginning of adjectives to indicate negation, such as
“unhappy”, “uncomfortable”, while the suffix “-ness” is added to nouns to form
abstract nouns, such as “happiness”, “kindness”.

The difference between word and lexeme

1. What is the difference between a word and a lexeme?

Answer: A word is a basic unit of language that carries meaning and can stand alone or be
combined with other words to form sentences. On the other hand, a lexeme is an
abstract unit of vocabulary that represents a set of words with similar meanings and
grammatical properties.

2. Please find the difference between a base, a root, and a stem!

Answer:
 - A base is any form to which can be added an affix (any derivational or inflectional
morpheme)
- A root is the morpheme that carries the major component of the word’s meaning
and which belongs to a lexical unit category
- A stem is a base to which an inflectional affix is added

WEEK 2 QUESTIONS ON CONCEPTS OF LEXICOLOGY AND LEXICOGRAPHY

1. What is lexicology?

Answer: Lexicology is the branch of linguistics that focuses on the study of words,
particularly the structure of a lexicon. It examines the general properties and
features of words across languages.

2. What is lexicography?

Answer: Lexicography, closely related to lexicology, is the art or science of compiling

dictionaries. It involves the writing of words and focuses on the individuality of
each lexical unit.

3. What are the similarities of the two.

Answer: The main similarity between lexicology and lexicography is that they both deal
with the study of words and the lexicon. While lexicology focuses on the general
properties of words, lexicography concentrates on compiling dictionaries and the
specific details of individual lexical units.

4. What is the difference between lexicology and Lexicography?

Answer: The key difference between lexicology and lexicography lies in their focus and
approach. Lexicology studies the structure and general features of words, while
lexicography is concerned with compiling dictionaries and the specific details of
individual lexical units.

5. If you write or edit a dictionary, how will people call you?

 Answer: If you write or edit a dictionary, you would be called a lexicographer.

6. What does lexicology concern with?

Answer: Lexicology concerns itself with the study of the structure of a lexicon, focusing
on the general properties and features of words as basic lexical units.

7. What does lexicography concern with?

Answer: Lexicography, on the other hand, is concerned with compiling dictionaries and
studying the individuality of each lexical unit. It focuses on the art of writing
dictionaries and the science of compiling them.

Lexicology (M.A.K Halliday and Colin Yallop)

1. What is a word?
Answer: A word, as defined in dictionaries, is a single distinct meaningful element of
speech or writing that is used with others (or sometimes alone) to form a sentence. It
is typically separated by spaces when written or printed
2. According to Halliday a word is not a simple matter, why?
Answer : According to Halliday, a word is not a simple matter to describe because
even literate English-speaking adults often struggle to determine where a word begins
and ends. This ambiguity is evident in examples like "English-speaking" (is it one
word or two?), and the variations in writing sequences like "lunchtime," "lunch-time,"
or "lunch time".

How do we decide sequence words: lunchtime, lunch-time, or lunch time dinner-time, breakfast
time, Isn’t pick-me-up, CD

Answer: When deciding how to sequence words, it often depends on style guides, language
conventions, and the specific context in which the words are used. For compound words like
"lunchtime," the trend is towards merging them into one word over time. However, style
preferences and evolving language usage can influence whether to hyphenate or separate words
in phrases like "dinner-time," "breakfast time," "pick-me-up," and "CD".
EXERCISE WEEK 2 WORD LEXEME-TYPES-TOKEN

1. Are the following words simple or complex?

a.members f. grammar

b. prioritize g. writer

c.handsome h. rewind

d. fizzy i. reject

e.dizzy j. alligator

If you have difficulty deciding whether particular words are simple or complex, explain why you
find them problematic.

Answer :

1. Simple: complex:

- Members - Grammar

- Handsome - Prioritize

- Fizzy - Writer

- Dizzy - Rewind

- Alligator - Reject

2. Do the words in the following pairs belong to the same lexeme or to different lexemes?

a. revolve revolution

b. revolution revolutions

c. revolve dissolve
d. go went

e. wash rewash

Answer :

a. "revolve" and "revolution" - Different lexemes. While both are related conceptually, "revolve"
is a verb, and "revolution" is a noun derived from it.

b. "revolution" and "revolutions" - Same lexeme. "Revolutions" is the plural form of

"revolution."

c. "revolve" and "dissolve" - Different lexemes. These are two different verbs with different
meanings.

d. "go" and "went" - Same lexeme. "Went" is the past tense form of the verb "go."

e. "wash" and "rewash" - Different lexemes. "Rewash" is a verb formed by adding the prefix
"re-" to "wash," but it has a distinct meaning.

3. In the following sentences, count word tokens, types, and lexemes:

a. I say now, just as I said yesterday, that the price of a wombat is high but the price of a
platypus is higher.

tokens ____24___ types ____17____ lexemes___17____

b. I’ve just replaced my printer with a new one that prints much faster.

tokens __13__ types ___12__Lexemes ___12_

4. In sentence (3b), what sorts of problems does the word I’ve pose for our definition of
‘word’?

Answer: The word "I've" in sentence (3b) poses a problem for our definition of 'word' because it
consists of two parts: "I" and "'ve" (a contraction of "have").
If we strictly define a 'word' as a sequence of characters separated by spaces, then "I've" would
be considered a single word. However, if we consider a 'word' as the smallest unit of language
that carries meaning and can stand alone, then "I've" would be considered two separate words
("I" and "'ve").

This highlights the ambiguity in defining what constitutes a 'word' in the context of contractions
and how different linguistic perspectives may interpret it differently.

5. What words belong to the same word family or lexeme as sing?

Answer:

Words that belong to the same word family or lexeme as "sing" include:

1. Singer

2. Singing

3. Sung

4. Song

5. Singable

6. Sing-along

7. Singingly

These words are all related to the root word "sing" and share similar meanings or derivations.