THEORIES OF ACCIDENT CAUSATION

Why do accidents happen? This question has plagued health and safety
decision-makers for decades, as we need to know why they happen to prevent
accidents. Over the years, several theories have been developed to explain why
accidents occur. Samples based on these principles are used to predict and
prevent accidents. The most well-known theories for the cause of accidents are
Domino's Theory, Human Factor Theory, Accident / Incident Theory,
Epidemiological Theory, Systems Theory, Combination Theory, and Behavioral
Theory. This provides the information necessary for practitioners and potential
safety professionals to fully understand and apply these principles.

 Domino Theory was one of the first developments due to the accident.
The theory assumes that injury results from a set of factors, one of which
is an accident. This theory is run in 10 statements called the Industrial
Safety Axiom. According to this theory, there are five factors in the
sequence of events that lead to accidents:
 Ancestral and social environment
  Human negligence
 Dangerous behavior / mechanical or physical danger
 Accident
 Injury
 The theory of human factors defines an accident as a series of events that
ultimately occur due to human error. There are three main factors that
contribute to human error. Overload, improper response, improper
activity.
 Accident theory is an extension of the theory of human factors. New
elements such as ergonomic traps, error determination, and system
failures have been introduced.
 The epidemiological theory of accidental causes believes that the model
used to study and determine the relationship between environmental
factors and diseases can be used to study the causal relationship between
environmental factors and accidents.

Causes of Accidents Military Theory considers all situations in which an

accident can occur as a system consisting of three components: a person (host),
a machine (agency), and the environment. The cause of the accident theory of
property assumes that one model or theory cannot explain all accidents.
Factors may be part of this cause in more than one model.

 There are seven principles of behavioral safety

  Identifying internal factors
 The motivation to act in the desired manner
 Focuses on the positive consequences of appropriate behavior
 Apply scientific methods
 Intervention
 Information integration
 Planned intervention

Drugs and alcohol can be the root cause of many work accidents each year.
About 77 percent of drug users are employed, and one-third of workers
between the ages of 18 and 25 are alcoholics. Alcohol alone causes 500 million
lost days a year. Clinical depression is a hidden problem in the workplace.
However, it can be a major cause of accidents. One in 20 people suffers from
clinical depression, which is the main reason for losing more than 200 million
working days a year. Maintenance failure is another major cause of workplace
accidents. If management is serious about workplace safety and health, it
should set expectations, train them, focus on protecting employee
performance, and promote safe and healthy behaviors. There is a strong
correlation between obesity and injury, indicating the need to promote proper
body weight as an injury prevention strategy.