Week: 21 UNIT 6: GLOBALWARMING

Date: 27/29.01.2022 Lesson: LANGUAGE

I.VOCABULARY REVISION
II. GRAMMAR:
1. PERFECT PARTICIPLES ( having V-ed/3)
a. Perfect participles in clauses of time
E.x1: After he had collected all necessary information, he started writing his
reported.
 Having collected all necessary information, he started writing his reported.
- We can use perfect participles in a clause of time to talk about an action that
comes before another connected one.
b. Perfect participles in clauses of reason
E.x 2: Because humans have treated the environment irresponsibly, they now
have to suffer the effects of global warming.
 Having treated the environment irresponsibly, humans now have to suffer
the effects of global warming.
- We can use perfect participles in a clause of time to talk about an reason for
the action in the main clause
* Activity 1: Match the two parts to make complete sentences
1.After we identified the causes of a. now they have to suffer severe
global warming, floods.

2.Since they have used up the fossil b. we decided to sell our car and get a
fuel resources in their country, bicycle instead.

3.Because local people have cut down c. they have to find some types of
the forests to make way for farming, alternative energy.

4.After we read the report on how the d. we were determined to reduce our
burning of petrol in cars contributes carbon footprint.
to climate change,

5.Because farmers had been informed e. we worked out some solutions to

about the bad effects of chemical reduce its effects.
fertilisers,

6.After we talked with the f. they have to suffer its effects now.
environmentalist,
 7.Since people have ignored warnings g. they started using them sparingly
about global warming for more than on their farms.
20 years,

8.After we had learnt that humans are h. we changed our attitude to nature.
responsible for global warming,

* Activity 2: Rewrite the sentences, using perfect participles

1. After we identified the causes of global warming, we worked out some
solutions to reduce its effects.
2. Since they have used up the fossil fuel resources in their country, they have to
find some types of alternative energy.
3. Because local people have cut down the forests to make way for farming,
now they have to suffer severe floods.
4. After we read the report on how the burning of petrol in cars contributes to
climate change, we decided to sell our car and get a bicycle instead
5. Because farmers had been informed about the bad effects of chemical
fertilisers, they started using them sparingly on their farms.
6. Since people have ignored warnings about global warming for more than 20
years, they have to suffer its effects now.

2. PERFECT GERUND ( having V-ed/3)

a. Verb+ O+ preposition + perfect gerund
E.x1: He apologized for having made us wait so long.
* Notes: apologize for, accuse..of, admire … for, blame…for, congratulate..on,
criticise..for, punish…for, praise..for, thank…for, suspect …of…

b. Verb + perfect gerund

E.x2: She denied having broken the flower vase
* Notes: deny, admit, forget, mention, remember, recall, regret..

*Exercise: Combine the sentences, using perfect gerunds

E.x: Someone had started a fire in the forest. Tom admitted that he had done it.
⇒ Tom admitted (to) having started a fire in the forest.
1. In the Tree Planting Competition, the students in Group 11G planted the most
trees in the schoolyard. They were praised for that.
2. Someone had cut down the oldest tree in the park. The police suspected Mike
of doing it.
3. He had dumped lots of rubbish onto the beach. He denied it.
4. You had saved the lives of hundreds of wild animals. Thank you for that.
5. They had hunted and killed many wild animals. Later they regretted what
they had done.
6. The factory had dumped tons of toxic waste into the river. It was heavily
fined for that.
3. MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. The president of the company officially apologised to the local residents ____
having dumped a large amount of raw sewage in the area.
A. about B. with C. at D. for
2. Tom was accused of …………………some top secret document.
A. to steal B. having stolen C. for stealing D. to have
stolen
3. He---------on seeing the manager of the hotel.
A. asked B. convinced C. insisted D. expected
4. . …………the instructions very carefully, he started to install the application.
A. Reading B. Having read C. To read D. Read
5. He never admits ……………….wrong.
A. to being B. of being C. to be D. to have
been
6.Even when arrested, he denied ____ cut down that tree.
A. has B. having C. have D. have had
7. ______ in dark colors, the room needed some bright lights.
A. Having painted B. To have painted
C. Having been painted D. To have been painte
8. After …………..it, please return the form to us in the envelope provided.
A. to complete and sign B. you are completing and signing
C. completing and sign D. completing and signing
III. HOMEWORK
1. After the students had learnt about the benefits of recycling and reusing, they
started collecting waste paper, bottles and cans to recycle and reuse.
 Having
…………………………………………………………………………………
2. Since mai had refused Nam’s offer of a lift in his car, she had to walk home.
 Having
…………………………………………………………………………………
3. These big companies had invested in wind and solar energy. The government
praised them for that.
The government praised …………………………………………………………
4. Sam had not worked hard enough in his prious job. He regretted it.
 He regretted …………………………………………………………………..
5. Tony had dumped a lot of rubbish on the beach, she was strongly criticized
for that.
 Tony was strongly criticized…………………………………………………
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