Bright Star University, El Brega

Faculty of Aeronautics
Roads and Airports Department

Lecture (4)

PARKING AND
TERMINAL FACILITIES
Transportation Engineering II (RAE243)

Mr. Hamza Makeen

Lecture (4): PARKING AND TERMINAL FACILITIES Mr. Hamza Makeen

Lecture (4)
PARKING AND TERMINAL FACILITIES

4.1 Introduction

- Parking and terminal facilities are an

essential part of the total transportation

system.

- The planning and designing of these facilities

demand an understanding of the characteristics

of vehicles, the behaviour of the drivers, the

parking operation, and the parking generating

characteristics of different land uses served.

- As one of the activities of the urban complex,

parking is competing for space, both on-street

and off-street.

- Ideally, a motorist would like to be able to

park right in front of his or her door, to

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Lecture (4): PARKING AND TERMINAL FACILITIES Mr. Hamza Makeen

avoid the need for walking, but this luxury is

not always possible.

- Street space is more profitably used for moving

traffic.

4.2 Parking Policies

The formulation of parking policies is one of the

more difficult tasks with which a planner has to

contend.

The difficulty lies in coordinating parking

policies with several other planning objectives.

The following considerations may be taken into

account:

1. To strike a compromise between the amount of curb

space devoted to parking spaces and that devoted

to moving vehicles.

2. To make provision for parking of delivery vehicles

and for short and long-term parkers.

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Lecture (4): PARKING AND TERMINAL FACILITIES Mr. Hamza Makeen

3. To design parking lots and their approaches so that

street traffic is not adversely affected by the

ingress and egress of vehicles.

4. To ensure that the interest of business

establishments along the street is enhanced by good

parking arrangements.

5. To ensure that parking policies and public transit

policies are complementary:

For example, car parking facilities adjacent to

express bus routes would enhance bus ridership.

6. To preserve the character of the neighborhood by

restricting parking and enforcing land-use

controls.

7. To control parking supply and demand through the

pricing mechanism; encouraging short-term parking

and discouraging long-term parking may serve to

enhance the central Business district (CBD).

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Lecture (4): PARKING AND TERMINAL FACILITIES Mr. Hamza Makeen

Pricing mechanism or supply mechanism strategies

for on-street and off-street parking could be

implemented as shown in Table 4.1.

Table (4.1) Parking Control

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Lecture (4): PARKING AND TERMINAL FACILITIES Mr. Hamza Makeen

4.3 Parking Design for Automobiles

There are generally two types of parking

facilities available for the automobile: curb

parking and off-street parking.

Engineers usually use a set of design standards

and operating criteria to determine the best

arrangements possible under specific site

conditions.

4.3.1 Definitions

Some of the terms commonly used in connection

with parking studies and design are as follows:

- Parking accumulation: the number of parked

vehicles in a parking facility (or study area)

at a specified time. Figure (4.1).

- Parking load: the area under the accumulation

curve between two specific times. Figure (4.1).

- Parking duration: the length of time a

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Lecture (4): PARKING AND TERMINAL FACILITIES Mr. Hamza Makeen

particular vehicle is parked in a specified

parking space (generally specified as an

average).

- Parking efficiency: theoretical

duration/actual duration.

- Parking turnover: the rate at which a parking

space is used, (e.g., the number of vehicles

that park in a given space during an average

day)

- Parking volume: the number of vehicles using a

parking facility during a specified time (e.g.,

24 hours).

- Parking space hour: the use of a single parking

space during a unit time (e.g., 1 hour).

- Parking deficiency: the extent to which parking

demand exceeds supply, expressed in number of

parking spaces.

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Lecture (4): PARKING AND TERMINAL FACILITIES Mr. Hamza Makeen

Figure (4.1) Accumulation Curve for a Local Hospital.

Example 4.1

An office has the following characteristics:

- Hours of operation 6 A.M. to 8 P.M. (14 hours),

- Number of parking spaces in the garage are

500,80% are commuters with average parking

duration of 8 hours, 10% are visitors parking

for an average of 2 hours, and the balance are

shoppers parking for an average of 3 hours.

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Lecture (4): PARKING AND TERMINAL FACILITIES Mr. Hamza Makeen

- However, observations made at the garage

indicate that 15% visitors during peak hours

(10 to 12 noon and 1 to 3 P.M.) do not find

parking.

How many additional spaces should be added to

the garage to meet the demand?

Solution

Space hours demanded:

Commuters: 80% X 500 X 8 = 3200

Visitors: 10% X 500 X 2 = 100

Shoppers: 10% X 500 X 3 = 150

Demand not served: 15% X 500 X 4 = 300

Total space-hours demanded = 3750

Total space-hours served = 3450

Balance space-hours = 300

Because the additional demand is during 4 hours,

the number of additional spaces needed is

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Lecture (4): PARKING AND TERMINAL FACILITIES Mr. Hamza Makeen

300/4 = 75 spaces.

Discussion

Although 75 additional spaces are needed only

during the 4 peak hours, it is open to debate

whether the garage owner should expend money to

meet this demand, because for the rest of the

operating time (14 - 4 = 10 hours), it is likely

that the 75 spaces may not be occupied.

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