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#!
Distribution
Introduction
# " $ * * " / +!
/ #/ B# & # *
#!* /# # + !$ /#"# $ # # 3
* # !" # #+ + ! $$
++ +! &# 4 &" #*# # # &/
# $ +! &# /$$ +! 4"# " -A'@ # # &
/ !0 + # ! "
# + " & 7 ! $ + # **$
+ $ * * /# ! * " ! $
4 " kuÈcËuÈmsenmemeliydiler )G
1 " & $ +$$/ 8
kuÈcËuÈk G )0 $ #1
mse- G
n- G <E7
me- G *
meli- G
ydi- G
ler G
# # /# O / & /
" $ 8 ) 1 !0 &+ !0 F" &+
& &+ &% )&1 # 0 & # + #
" 7 ! $ +! $ "" ! * K8
Yeraltl suyundan duÈsËuÈk dereceli lsl
B
cËlkartan lsl pompalarlndan banliyoÈlerdeki
'->
Learner English. Michael Swan, Bernard Smith. Cambridge University Press 2001
Phonology
Vowels
'-.
Learner English. Michael Swan, Bernard Smith. Cambridge University Press 2001
Consonants
Consonant clusters
# # " ! $$/ $ "$
/ "$ + ! # # "
$ $#*# ! $ / # $ * /$ )*
istasyon G 1 # " /# * *$ # #
/$ + # 0 " 8 + % + I
'-,
Learner English. Michael Swan, Bernard Smith. Cambridge University Press 2001
Punctuation
# ! + ! + # " ! $ &$ 3
" $ * * & / / 8
- "!! $$ / + # " + " /#"# +
# & # &F"8
C& "
' & "$ $$ ! ++ /# "!! 8
'
'-?
Learner English. Michael Swan, Bernard Smith. Cambridge University Press 2001
Grammar
Word order
'-@
Learner English. Michael Swan, Bernard Smith. Cambridge University Press 2001
Verbs: general
To be
To have
'-A
Learner English. Michael Swan, Bernard Smith. Cambridge University Press 2001
Modal verbs
Conditionals
$$ # & + " $ /# # "! $" #
# # $ +! + $ + # $$
+$0$$ &$8
C% % ? % )+ % %
? % 1
''(
Learner English. Michael Swan, Bernard Smith. Cambridge University Press 2001
''-
Learner English. Michael Swan, Bernard Smith. Cambridge University Press 2001
Relative clauses
Nominalised clauses
Nouns
'''
Learner English. Michael Swan, Bernard Smith. Cambridge University Press 2001
Pronouns
Articles
Adjectives
''=
Learner English. Michael Swan, Bernard Smith. Cambridge University Press 2001
Quantifiers
Adverbs
Conjunctions
''>
Learner English. Michael Swan, Bernard Smith. Cambridge University Press 2001
Prepositions
Vocabulary
''.
Learner English. Michael Swan, Bernard Smith. Cambridge University Press 2001
'',
Learner English. Michael Swan, Bernard Smith. Cambridge University Press 2001