CHAPTER V
DEVELOPMENTAL DATA
ERIK ERIKSON’S THEORY OF PSYCHOSOCIAL DEVELOPMENT
THEORY
Known for his theory of
psychosocial development,
Erik Erikson was a
developmental psychologist
and psychoanalyst. According
to Erikson's theory, your ego
identity evolves over the
course of your entire life in
eight distinct stages.
Additionally, according to his
theory, a person's ability to
respond to social crises over
the course of a lifetime
determines where they are in
the developmental spectrum.
The way people respond to
their environment is being
taught by these social crises.
SIGMUND FREUD’S PSYCHOSEXUAL THEORY OF DEVELOPMENT
THEORY
Psychoanalysis, or Sigmund
Freud's theory, is based on the
notion that our unconscious
wants, conflicts, and thoughts
have a significant impact on
both our behaviour and
personality. He developed
ideas such as the id (primal
instincts), ego (mediator), and
superego (internalized morals),
and suggested that human
growth happens in stages, with
psychosexual factors playing a
role
STAGES
Intimacy vs. Isolation (31 years
old)
During this stage, our long-
term relationships are more
likely to be stable and secure if
we establish intimate,
committed partnerships in our
early adult years. Since each
stage of development builds
on the previous one, the
formation of a strong sense of
self during adolescence has a
significant impact on our
ability to form healthy
relationships. People who lack
a strong sense of self are more
prone to engage in casual
relationships, experience
loneliness, and feel isolated.
STAGES
Genital Stage (Puberty to
Adult)
The genital stage. It's when the
libido reemerges. Freud
claimed that at this point, a
person starts to feel intense
sexual desire for the other sex.
If the stage is successful,
people will engage in
heterosexual sexual activity
and form enduring
relationships with people of
the opposite sex
RESULT AND JUSTIFICATION
She achieves intimacy due to
her partner's closeness, which
has kept their family together
up to this point. She also
examined her own personality
and ideals, allowing her to
make wise relationship
decisions. She managed to
maintain a healthy balance
between independence and
closeness, adjusting to
difficulties in her relationships
without withdrawing or
isolating herself.
RESULT AND JUSTIFICATION
The patient had reached and
completed this period; she had
been affected by her partner,
and they had given three
children. She learnt how to
handle circumstances maturely
and effectively demonstrated
independence.
 JEAN PIAGET’S THEORY OF COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT

THEORY STAGES RESULT AND JUSTIFICATION

According to Jean Piaget's
Theory of Cognitive
Development, a child's
intellect fluctuates as they
mature. To develop cognitively,
children must form or establish
a mental model of their world.
This procedure is not only
concerned with knowledge
acquisition. Piaget's theory of
cognitive development is
based on the idea that children
go through four
developmental stages, each
with its unique set of
characteristics and talents.
Formal Operational Stage (12
years old and up)
According to Piaget's
hypothesis, the final stage
includes the development of
logic, the capacity for logical
thinking, and the
comprehension of abstract
concepts. By this age,
teenagers and young adults
may think more clearly about
their surroundings and
perceive multiple solutions to
problems.
The patient is capable of
developing to the formal
operative stage. She can think
abstractly and has already
accepted her health situation.
She demonstrates
metacognition by being aware
of her own lifestyle, regularly
reflecting on her decisions, and
adjusting every day.

ROBERT HAVIGHURST’S DEVELOPMENTAL TASKS MODEL

THEORY STAGES RESULT AND JUSTIFICATION

Between 1948 and 1953,
American psychologist
Havighurst developed his
developmental task theory.
Change and growth continue
continually from the time of
birth until the moment of
death, according to
Havighurst's theory of
development. According to his
division of them into three
stages, people can advance
from one stage to the next by
performing developmental
tasks or resolving obstacles.
Remember that people evolve
continuously and in stages
over the course of their lives
The Middle Age lasts from age The patient has her own family
30 to age 60 and is the time and a hardworking mom She
when most people start a and her partner are able to
family and settle into their take care of their child.
adult lives. This is the stage
where humans establish a
standard of living and support
their families, often both
caring for their children and
parents. They maintain jobs,
find new leisure activities,
manage social responsibilities,
and adjust to physical changes