Method Statement On Asphalt Pavement

Contractors Logo METHOD STATEMENT ON ASPHALT ROAD Page 1 of 30
PAVEMENT (NEW CONSTRUCTION)

Department Document Reference Number Issued Date Revision
QA/QC Contractor to provide 00-00-00 0
PURPOSE
This Method Statement aims to detail exactly how to carry Asphalt Road Pavement (New Construction). The proper
procedure is observed so that no activity or inspection is neglected during the construction of asphalt road pavement
(New Construction). That this Method Statement assures the owner that the contractor is dedicated to the Quality of
the finished Project to meet the demand of the owner.
SCOPE
This Method Statement includes primer/tack coat application, asphalt concrete mix application, compacting, testing
and coring.
MATERIAL ACCEPTANCE REQUIREMENTS ARE AS PER DPWH STANDARDS OR YOU CAN USE THE PROJECT
SPECIFICATION OF YOUR PROJECT.
PRIME COAT/TACK COAT
1. Bituminous material shall be either Rapid Curing (RC) or Medium Curing (MC) Cut-back Asphalt, whichever is
called for in the Project Contract.
• Asphalt cement shall conform to the requirements of AASHTO M 226
• Liquid asphalt shall conform to the requirements of the following specifications:
Rapid Curing Liquid Asphalts - AASHTO M 81
Medium Curing Liquid Asphalts - AASHTO M 82
• Emulsified asphalts shall conform to the requirements of the following specifications:
Emulsified Asphalt (Anionic) - AASHTO M 140
(ASTM D 977)
Emulsified Asphalt (Cationic) - AASHTO M 208
2. Let the supplier provide certification that the bituminous materials had been tested and passed the
requirements. In case the certification is not reliable then random taking of samples will be done and be
brought to the Testing Laboratory.
3. When Anti Stripping has been used a certification of the materials tested must be provided by the supplier. In
case of certification is not reliable then a sample will be taken at the batching plant liters1 quart) sealed sample
of the bituminous material taken at the time of loading at the refinery and before the introduction of the
additive, along with a separate 0.5liter (1 pint) sample of the anti-stripping additive involved. And these
materials will be brought to the Testing Laboratory.
4. Bituminous materials temperatures for the several applications indicated in the Specifications shall be applied
within the temperature ranges indicated in Table 1.
Table 1- Application Temperatures

Type and Grade of Material Application Spray Temperature Range Mix
( Min./Max. ) In Degrees Celsius
( Min./Max. )
RT 1-2-2 15.5 – 54 15.5 – 54
RT 4-5-6 29 – 65.5 29 – 65.5
RT 7-8-9 65.5 – 107 65.5 – 107
RT 10-11-12 79 – 121 79 – 121
RTCB 5-6 …… 30 15.5 – 48.9 15.5 – 48.9
MC ….. 30 21 – 62.8 15.5 – 40.5
RC-MC ….. 70 40.5 – 85 32 – 68
RC-MC ….. 250 60 – 107 51.7 – 93
RC-MC ….. 800 79 – 129 71 – 107
RC-MC ….. 3000 106.7 – 143 93 – 126.7
All Emulsions 10 – 71 10 – 71
Asphalt Cement ( All Grades ) 204 Max. As required to achieve a viscosity
of 75-150 seconds to achieve
Kinematic Viscosity of 150-300
mm²/s ( 150-300centistokeses
AGGREGATE FOR BITUMINOUS CONCRETE

1. Coarse aggregate retained on the 2.36 mm (No. 8) sieve shall be crushed stone, crushed slag, or crushed or
natural gravel and unless otherwise stipulated, shall conform to the quality requirements of AASHTO M 79 –
74. When crushed gravel is used, it shall meet the pertinent requirements of Sections 2.1 and 3.1 of AASHTO
M 62 – 74 and not less than 50 mass percent of the particles retained on the 4.75 mm (No. 4) sieve shall have
at least one fractured face. The coarse aggregate shall be of such gradation that when combined with other
required aggregate fractions in proper proportion, the resultant mixture will meet the gradation required
under the composition of mixture for the specific type under contract. Only one kind shall be used on the
project except by permission of the Client Engineer.
2. Fine aggregate passing the 2.36 mm (No. 8) sieve shall consist of natural sand, stone, stone screenings or slag
screenings, or a combination thereof, and unless otherwise stipulated shall conform to the quality
requirements of AASHTO M 29 (ASTM D 1073). Fine aggregate shall be of such gradation that when combined
with other required aggregate fractions in proper proportion, the resultant mixture will meet the gradation
required under the composition of the mixture for the specific type under contract.
3. Open-Graded Asphalt Friction Coarse Aggregate shall conform to both the above and the following
requirements. Relatively pure carbonate aggregates or any aggregates known to polish shall not be used for
the coarse aggregate fraction (material retained on the 2.36 mm (No. 8) sieve. In addition, the coarse
aggregate fraction shall have at least 75 mass percent of the weight of particles with at least two fractured
faces and 90 mass percent with one or more fractured faces, except that lightweight aggregates need not
meet this requirement. The abrasion loss (AASHTO T 96) shall not exceed 40 mass percent.
4. Lightweight aggregate (except slag) shall be manufactured by the rotary kiln process if required or permitted
by Special Provisions. The material shall consist of angular-fragments uniform in density and reasonably free
from flat, elongated, or other deleterious substances. The material shall show an abrasion loss of less than 45
mass percent when tested by AASHTO T 96. The dry mass per cubic meter shall not meter 10at 80 kg (67 pcf).
After testing through five cycles of the magnesium sulfate soundness test, the loss shall not exceed ten (10)
mass percent.
5. Aggregate for Bituminous Plant Mix Surfacing shall be uniformly graded from coarse to fine. Target values for
the intermediate sieve sizes shall be established within the limits shown in Table 1 below. The Contractor shall
submit the proposed target values in writing to the Client Engineer for approval. The target gradation is subject
to confirmation testing by Fine Aggregates above before approval by the Client Engineer. Any changes in the
target gradation are subject to confirmation testing in accordance with unless otherwise approved in writing
by the Client Engineer. No target gradation adjustment will be permitted during the span of a lot.
Table 1- Range of Gradation Target Values
Sieve Mass percent passing square mesh sieves, AASHTO
Designation, mm T 11 and T 27, exclusive of mineral filler
Range
25 (1 inch) 100
19 (3/4 inch) 100
4.75 (No. 4) 50-60
2.36 (No. 8) 38-48
0.075 (No. 200) 3-7
The minimum for Sand Equivalent is 35
No intermediate sizes of aggregate shall be removed for other purposes without the written consent of the
Client Engineer.
If crushed gravel is used, not less than 50 mass percent of the material retained on the 4.75 mm (No. 4) sieve
shall be particles having at least one fractured face.
That portion of the composite material passing a 4.75 mm (No. 4) sieve shall have a sand equivalent of not
less than 35, as determined by AASHTO T 176.
The aggregate shall show a durability index not less than 35 (coarse and fine) as determined by AASHTO T 210.
The material shall be free of clay balls and adherent films of clay or other matter that would prevent thorough
coating with the bituminous material.
6. Aggregate for Hot Plant-Mix Bituminous Pavement, the provisions of items number 1,2,3 above shall apply.
The several aggregate fraction for the mixture shall be sized, graded, and combined in such proportions that
the resulting composite blend meets one of the grading requirements in Table 2 below as specified in the
Schedule. The gradings to be used will be shown in the Special Provisions, adjusted to reflect variations in
aggregate densities. The ranges apply to aggregates with specific gravity values that are relatively constant
throughout a grading band. When such values vary from sieve to sieve, such as with lightweight aggregates,
the ranges for each sieve size shall be adjusted to reflect the variations.
Table 2 - Gradation Ranges – Hot Plant Mix Bituminous Pavements
(Mass percent passing square sieves, AASHTO T 11 and T 27)
Sieve GRADING
Designation,
Mm A B C D E F G
37.5 (1-1/2 inch) 100 - - - - - -
25 ( 1 inch) 95-100 100 100 - - - -
19 (3/4 inch) 75-95 95-100 95-100 100 - 100 -
12.5 (1/2 inch) - 68-86 68-86 95-100 100 - 100
9.5 (3/8 inch) 54-75 56-78 56-78 74-92 95-100 95-100
4.75 (No. 4) 36-58 38-60 38-60 48-70 75-90 45-65 30-50
2.36 (No. 8) 25-45 27-47 27-47 33-53 62-82 33-53 5-15
1.18 (No. 16) - 18-37 18-37 22-40 38-58 - -
0.600 (No. 30) 11-28 11-28 13-28 15-30 22-42 - -
0.300 (No. 50) - 6-20 9-20 10-20 11-28 10-20 -
0.075 (No. 200) 0-8 0-8 4-8 4-9 2-10 3-8 2-5
7. Aggregate for Cold Plant-Mix Bituminous Pavement the provisions of Numbers 1 and 2 above shall apply.
8. Aggregate for Pavement, the several aggregate fractions for the mixture shall be sized, graded, and combined
in such proportions that the resulting composite blends meet the respective grading requirements in Table 3
below and are adjusted to reflect variation in aggregate densities.
Table 3 - Gradation Requirements – Cold Plant Mix Bituminous Pavement
(Mass percent passing square mesh sieves, AASHTO T 27)
Sieve Designation
Wearing(Surface
Alternate US Bottom (Binder Course)
Standard, mm Course)
Standard
37.5 1-1/2” 100 -
25 1” 85-100 -
19 ¾” 40-70 100
12.5 ½” 10-35 95-100
4.75 No. 4 4-16 15-40
2.36 No.8 0-5 10-25
0.600 No.30 - 4-13
0.300 No.50 - 0-5
9. Aggregate for Top Dressing, the material for the top dressing shall consist of dry sand, stone screenings, or
slag screenings so graded that at least 95 mass percent shall pass the 4.75 mm (No. 4) sieve and not more than
40 percent shall pass the 0.300 mm (No. 50) sieve.
10. Aggregate for Road Mix Bituminous Pavement, aggregates for road mix bituminous pavement construction
shall be crushed stone, crushed slag, or crushed or natural gravel which meet the quality requirements of
AASHTO M 62-74 or M 63-74 for the specified gradation, except that the sodium sulfate soundness loss shall
not exceed 12 mass percent. When crushed gravel is used, at least 50 mass percent of the particles retained
on the 2.00 mm (No. 10) sieve shall have at least one fractured face. Gradation shall conform to Grading F of
Table 2 above.
11. Blotter, aggregate for blotter material shall conform to the gradation requirements of AASHTO M 43 (ASTM D
448), size 2.00 mm (No. 10). The aggregate shall be free from vegetable or other deleterious materials.
12. Aggregates for Salt Stabilization, aggregates for the salt stabilized base course shall consist of hard durable
particles or fragments of slag, stone, or gravel, screened, or crushed to the required size and grading. That
portion of the material passing a 0.425 mm (No. 40) sieve shall have a plasticity index of not over 6, as
determined by AASHTO T 90. The material shall be visually free from vegetable matter or lumps or balls of clay
and shall meet the requirements for one of the gradings given in Table 4 below.
Table 4 - Gradation Requirements for Aggregates for Salt Stabilized Base Course
Sieve Mass percent passing square mesh
Designation sieves, AASHTO T 11 and T 27
Standard, mm Alternate US Grading A Grading B
Standard
75 3” - -
50 2” - 100
37.5 1-1/2” - 70-100
25 1” 100 -
19 ¾” 70-100 50-80
9.5 3/8” 50-80 40-70
4.75 No.4 35-45 30-60
2.00 No.10 25-50 20-50
0.425 No.40 15-30 10-30
0.0075 No.200 7-15 7-15
Gradation varies with the top size of the material and should be based on the size of the largest material used.
For instance, if the largest size is 50 mm (2 inches), gradation should be under heading B; if 25 mm (1 inch),
under A.
13. Aggregates for Emulsified Asphalt Treated Base Course Aggregate shall consist of a coarse aggregate of
crushed gravel, crushed slag, or crushed stone, composed of hard, durable particles or fragments and a filler
of finely crushed stone, sand, slag, or other finely divided mineral matter. The portion of the material retained
on a 4.75 mm (No. 4) sieve shall be known as coarse aggregate and that portion passing a 4.75 mm (No. 4)
sieve shall be known as fine aggregate. The material shall meet one of the grading requirements of Table 5
below.
Table 5 - Grading Requirements for Aggregates for Emulsified Asphalt Treated Base
(Mass percent passing square mesh sieves, AASHTO T 11 & T 27)
Sieve Designation
Grading A Grading B Grading C
Standard mm US Standard
37.5 1-1/2” 100 100 -
25 1” 95-100 95-100 -
19 ¾” - 50-85 100
12.5 ½” - - 95-100
4.75 No. 4 - 26-59 65-100
2.00 No.10 0-9 17-48 -
0.300 No.50 - - 12-35
0.075 No.200 0-2 2-10 3-12
If crushed gravel is used, not less than 65 mass percent of the coarse aggregate particles retained on a 4.75
mm (No. 4) sieve shall be particles having at least one fractured face.
Coarse aggregate shall have a percent of wear of not more than 35 at 500 revolutions, as determined by
AASHTO T 96.
The aggregate shall show a durability factor not less than 35 (coarse and fine) as determined by AASHTO T 210
(Production of Plastic Fines in Aggregates).
The material shall be free of clay balls and adherent films of clay or other matter that would prevent thorough
coating with bituminous material.
MINERAL FILLER
Mineral filler shall consist of finely divided mineral matter such as rock dust, slag dust, hydrated lime, hydraulic
cement, fly ash, or other suitable mineral matter. It shall be free from organic impurities and at the time of
use, shall be sufficiently dry to flow freely and shall be essentially free from agglomerations.
Filler material for bituminous bases or pavements shall meet the requirements of AASHTO M 17, Mineral Filler
for Bituminous Paving Mixtures.
Mineral filler shall be graded within the following limits:
Table 1
Sieve Maximum Perfect Passing
0.600 mm (No. 30) 100
0.300 mm (No. 50) 95-100
0.075 mm (No. 200) 70-100
The mineral filler shall have a plasticity index not greater than 4.
Plasticity index limits are not appropriate for hydraulic lime and cement.
Materials in Bulk Sampling from bins, piles, or cars – A sampling tube that takes a core not less than 25 mm (1
inch) in diameter may be used to obtain sample portions from one or more locations as required to obtain a
field sample of at least 5 kg (10 lb). Sample portions may be taken from holes dug into the material at 5 or
more locations to provide a field sample of at least 5 kg (10 lb).
Sampling from conveyors – Sample portions shall be taken at regular intervals during the time of movement
of the materials in the unit being sampled to provide a field sample of at least 5 kg (10 lb).
Materials in Packages from the unit to be sampled, select at least one percent of the packages at random for
sampling, but in no case shall fewer than 5 packages be selected. Take a sample portion from a hole dug into
the top of each package selected for sampling.
A sampling tube may be used that takes a core not less than 25 mm (1 inch) diameter. Insert the tube into the
package to substantially sample the entire length of the package. Combine the sample portions taken to obtain
a field sample of at least 5 kg (10 lb).
Mineral filler shall be shipped in a clean, moisture-proof container and packaged securely to prevent the loss
of material during handling. Reduce the field sample to a minimum size of 2.5 kg (5 lb) to submit for testing,
using the method of quartering.
Methods of Test the properties enumerated in this Specification shall be determined by the following AASHTO
Method of Test:
Gradation T 37
Plasticity Index T 90
HYDRATED LIME
1. Hydrated lime shall conform to the requirements of PHILSA I-1-68 or ASTM C 207-76 and shall be of the
following type :
Type N - Normal hydrated lime for masonry purposes.
Type S - Special hydrated lime for masonry purposes.
This Specification intends to use either Type N or S for soil stabilization and as a filler requirement for
bituminous plant mixtures. It is expected to provide pavements with greater resistance to the detrimental
effects of water, especially flooding during the rainy season.
2. Chemical Requirements Hydrated lime for construction purposes shall conform to the following standard
chemical requirements.
Table 1 – Chemical Requirement

Chemical Requirements Percentage
Calcium and Magnesium oxides 60
(Non-volatile basis), min. %
Carbon dioxide (as received basis), max. % 5
If the sample is taken at the place of
manufacture
Carbon dioxide (as received basis), max. % 7
If the sample is taken at any other place
Unhydrated oxides (as received basis) for Type 8
S and
SA, max. %
3. Physical Requirements, Hydrated lime for construction purposes shall conform to the following standard
physical requirements:
a. Percentage Residue - The residue retained on a 0.600 mm (No. 30) sieve shall not be more than 0.57%
and not more than 15% on a 0.075 mm (No. 200) sieve.
b. Plasticity - The putty made from Type S, special hydrate, or type SA, special air entraining hydrate,
shall have a plasticity figure of not less than 200 when tested within 30 minutes after mixing with
water.
c. Hydrated lime mortar made with Type N (normal hydrated lime) or Type NA (normal air-entraining
lime), after suction for 60 seconds, shall have a water retention value of not less than 75 percent and
not less than 85% for Type S and SA, when tested in a standard mortar made form the dry hydrate or
from putty made from the hydrate which has been soaked for a period of 16 to 24 hours.
4. Grading Requirement, Hydrated lime for construction purposes shall conform to the following grading
requirements:
Table 2 – Grading Requirement
Sieve Designation
Mass Percent Passing
Standard mm US Standard
0.850 No.20 100
0.075 No. 200 85-100
5. Sampling, Samples of construction lime shall be taken at the place of manufacturer/supplier or the destination
as agreed upon by the parties concerned (Client and owner). If the samples are taken elsewhere than at the
place of manufacture, such samples shall be taken within 24 hours of the receipt of the material.
Sampling shall be conducted as expeditiously as possible to avoid undue exposure of the material to the air.
Samples shall not be taken from broken packages.
At least one percent of the package shall be sampled but in no case shall less than five packages be sampled.
Individual packages shall be taken from various parts of the unit being sampled. Each package so taken shall
be opened and not less than 0.5 kg shall be taken using a sampling tube that takes a core of the material of
not less than 2.5 cm in diameter and that is of sufficient length to permit the taking of the sample from the
top to the bottom of the mass being sampled. The material removed shall be thoroughly mixed and quartered.
Triplicate samples of not less than 2.5 kg each shall be taken and sealed in properly labeled, air-tight, moisture-
proof containers.
a. Sample for Chemical Analysis, the sample as received at the laboratory shall be thoroughly mixed,
quartered, and a representative sample taken and crushed to pass a 0.150 mm (No. 100) sieve for
analysis. The remaining uncrushed portion shall be resealed for further possible tests.
6. Rejection, Materials failing to meet the specification requirements shall be reported to the manufacturer
within one (1) week after tests have been completed and the cause for rejection shall be stated.
7. Packing, Lime, and limestone products may be shipped in bulk or containers agreed upon by the manufacturer
and the purchaser. The most common units for hydrated lime are paper bags holding 23 kg (50 lbs.), 11.5 kg
(25 lbs.), 4.5 kg (10 lbs.), or 2.3 kg (5 lbs.).
JOB MIX
1. The bituminous mixture shall be composed of aggregate, mineral filler, hydrated lime, and bituminous
material. At least three weeks before production, the Contractor will coordinate with their supplier to prepare
their proposed bituminous mix and to submit in writing a job-mix formula for each mixture supported by
laboratory test data along with samples and sources of the components and viscosity-temperature
relationships information to be submitted to the Client Engineer for testing and approval.
Each job-mix formula submitted shall propose definite single values for:
a. The percentage of aggregate passing each specified sieve size.
b. The percentage of bituminous material to be added.
c. The temperature of the mixture delivered on the road.
d. The kind and percentage of additive to be used.
e. The kind and percentage of mineral filler to be used.
EQUIPMENT REQUIREMENT
1. Pressure Distributor, the bitumen distributor shall be pneumatic-tired, self-propelled, and shall have a enough
capacity that meets the project criteria. It shall be equipped with an independently-operated bitumen pump,
tachometer, pressure gauges, volume metering devices, a thermometer for reading the tank temperature,
and a hose attachment suitable for applying the bituminous material to spots unavoidably missed by the
distributor. The independently-operated bitumen shall be equipped with a tachometer calibrated in
revolutions per minute. The distributor shall also be equipped to agitate and circulate the bituminous material
during the heating process. Spray bars shall be the circulating type with extensions, available for distributing
width from eight to twenty-one feet (8’ to 21’) by one foot (1’) increments or as per project requires.
The nozzle shall give uniform distribution and the shutoff shall be quick and positive to prevent dripping. The
distributor shall be designed and equipped to distribute the bituminous material uniformly at consistent
surface speeds, at uniform temperatures with various surface widths, at known and maintained rates of five
hundredths (0.05) to two (2.0) gallons per square yard within a tolerance of five (5) percent or as project
requires or approved by Client Engineer, and through pressure ranges from twenty-five (25) to seventy-five
(75) pounds per square inch or as the Client Engineer requires. Air pressure type equipment may be used only
upon written approval from the Client Engineer.
2. Asphalt Pavers shall be self-propelled units provided with a heated vibratory screed or equivalent. Grade and
cross slope shall be controlled using automatic grade and slope control devices or equivalent. The paver
screed control system shall be automatically actuated using an erected string line or a mobile string line (ski)
at least thirty feet (30’) in length on the high side of the paver or whichever the project requires. Grade control
shall be used on either (a) both the high and low sides, or (b) grade control on the high side and slope control
on the low side. The Contractor may request a waiver for the screed control system (stringline or ski) if the
paving grade poses an unreasonable obstacle in the form of extreme horizontal or vertical curves or unusual
cul-de-sac and/or street configuration. For trails, pavers shall be capable of placing the required thickness in
one lift, truck-towed spreader-type equipment will be permitted, providing the width and depth requirement
can be met. The paver shall be equipped with a receiving hopper having sufficient capacity for a uniform
spreading operation. The hopper shall be equipped with a distribution system to place the asphalt concrete
mixture uniformly in front of the screed without segregation and/or tearing. The term “screed” includes any
strike-off device operated by cutting, crowding, or other action which is effective on mixes at workable
temperatures, without tearing, shoving, or gouging, and which produces a finished surface of an even and
uniform texture. The screed shall be adjustable as to level and section and shall have provisions for vibration
and heat. The screed assembly shall produce a finished surface of the required smoothness, thickness, and
texture without tearing, shoving, displacing, or segregating the asphalt concrete mixture. Screed extensions
used for paving a constant width shall be heated and vibrated. Auger extensions shall be within one and one-
half feet (1.5’) of the screed extension on both sides or as approved by Client Engineer. The paver shall be
capable of placing courses in thicknesses of from one-half inch (1/2”) to at least three inches (3”), and, in
width, be adjustable in increments of six inches (6”) and one foot (1’). The use of a pick-up machine to transfer
the asphalt concrete mixture from a windrow to the paver hopper will be permitted, provided the pick-up
machine is capable of collecting the windrowed material without damage to the underlying course. Any
segregation, excessive temperature loss, or any detrimental effects are observed then the contractor needs
to repair as soon as possible. Paver shall be equipped with a means of preventing the segregation of the coarse
aggregate particles from the remainder of the bituminous concrete mixture while being carried from the paver
hopper over the slat-conveyor to the auger chamber.
3. Rollers shall be self-propelled, reversible, and equipped to maintain clean and straight contact surfaces. Heat
shall be maintained on pneumatic tires by skirting or other approved devices. The number, weight, and type
of rollers furnished shall be sufficient to obtain the required density and surface requirements while the mix
is in a workable condition. One pneumatic and a minimum of one vibratory roller shall be furnished and
operated in a workmanlike manner by the Contractor.
Pneumatic Tired Rollers:
a. Pneumatic tired roller shall ride on not less than seven uniformly sized and uniformly inflated smooth
tires mounted on wheel rims. The rear group of tires shall align behind and cover the spaces between
the forward group of tires. Tires shall be inflated, and the roller ballasted, to provide a uniform weight.
If a pneumatic roller experiences a pick-up problem, the Contractor shall be required to add an
effective release agent to the tire watering tank.
b. Steel-Drum Rollers: Steel-wheel rollers may be of two (2) types:
Two-axle static drum rollers, 8 to 22 tons in weight.
Two-axle vibratory drum rollers, 8 to 22 tons in weight.
All rollers shall be equipped with power units of not less than four (4) cylinders and under working
conditions shall develop a compression in the rear wheels of two hundred fifty (250) to three hundred
fifty (350) pounds per inch of roller width or as project requires. Rollers shall be in good working
condition and be free from backlash, faulty steering mechanisms, or worn parts. Rollers shall be
equipped with adjustable scrapers to keep the drums clean and with efficient means of keeping the
drums/wheels wet to prevent mixes from sticking to the drums. Rollers/Drums shall be free of flat
areas, openings, or projections that will mar the surface of the pavement.
4. Haul Trucks Vehicles used for the transportation of hot-mix asphalt from the plant to the Project shall have
tight metal bottoms and shall be free from dust, screenings, petroleum oils, volatiles, and other mineral spirits
which may affect the mix being hauled. The truck beds shall be cleaned as often as required, but at least once
a day. After this operation the truck bed shall be elevated and thoroughly drained; no excess solution shall be
permitted. When requested by the Client Engineer, trucks shall be equipped with covers of the canvas,
insulated boxes, or other suitable material, and be of sufficient size and weight to protect the load from
adverse weather conditions and to maintain the required mix temperatures.
PROCEDURE
1. Before the ASPHALT PAVEMENT work starts, review of drawings is a must. If no available drawing is provided,
then shop drawings must be submitted to the Clients Engineer for review and approval. The shop drawings
must provide all the details such as locations, dimensions, grade, level, and other requirements.
2. The contractor will submit at least three Company Profile of the bituminous supplier for the Client Engineer
as Material Submittal for Review and approval, the following must be included on their profile:
a. Projects Undertaken
b. Asphalt Plant Capacity with equipment updated calibration certificates.
c. Numbers of Equipment (Pavers, Haulers, Steel Rollers, Pneumatic Rollers, Dozers, Loaders)
d. Number of Manpower
e. Updated Business Permit
3. If the Company Profile is approved, then ask the supplier to submit a proposed Job Mix Formula as Material
Submittal incorporating the project specifications and drawings to be submitted to the Client Engineer for
approval. If it is required to inspect the Bituminous Plant, then the contractor will arrange with the supplier
when will be the day and time to visit the plant to fast track the approval of the Job Mix Formula.
4. Let the Surveyor verify and identify required lines, levels, contours, and datum. Protect benchmarks from
disturbances caused by construction operations.
5. Asphalt concrete mixture shall not be placed when it is raining or when rain is imminent, on a saturated
surface, on an unstable/yielding roadbed, when the base material is frozen, when sandstorm, or when
weather conditions to prevent proper handling or finishing of the mixture.
6. Before applying for the Prime Coat, the QA/QC Engineer will do final inspections. For sections of existing
ground needed to be cut to match the required grade, levels, and dimensions, the dozers and graders will
carry out stripping and/or excavations. Grading and rolling will follow.
Sections found below the requirement will be scarified and moisture reconditioning will be done. The same
material will be re-spread, compacted, and tested if required until the desired result is achieved. Check for any
loose soil found shall be removed.
The area prepared must be moistened by water before application of Prime Coat.
7. The QA/QC Engineer will prepare a Request for Inspection Approval (RFIA) for the Client Engineer to inspect
the base course top layer before application of the prime coat. Mention the exact location on RFIA of where
the desired area where to apply the Prime Coat. The area to be paved shall be true to line and grade, having
a smooth dry, compacted surface before the start of paving operations. The area to be paved shall be free
from all loose soil and foreign material.
8. If the base course is approved by the Client Engineer, then prepare RFIA for the Client Engineer to witness the
sampling of Prime Coat to check the Temperature of the material, measuring the actual flow rate, Viscosity-
Graded Asphalt, Cutback Asphalt, and Emulsified Asphalt. The testing laboratory technician will be responsible
for taking the prime coat samples.
9. Before application of prime coat testing the Pressure Distributor shall check if the rate flow of spray meets the
rate as requested by the Client Engineer or as mention on the project specifications by laying a test trip area
and measuring the flow rate using a pan. The testing will be conducted by a laboratory technician.
10. The rate of application of the bituminous material shall be within the approved range of as approved by the
Client Engineer. The bituminous material shall be applied at a temperature between seventy-five and one
hundred thirty degrees (75º and 130º) Fahrenheit or whichever ordered by the Client Engineer or base on
above Table 1 under Prime/Tack Coat on Materials Acceptance Requirements. Necessary thermometers shall
be supplied so that the temperature will always be observed.
The prime coat shall be left undisturbed for a period of at least 24 hours and shall not be opened to traffic
until it has penetrated the base course and cured sufficiently so that it will not be stuck on the wheels of
passing vehicles. The Contractor shall maintain the prime coat until the next layer is applied. The Engineer or
Foreman shall always be monitoring the application of bituminous to check any excess applied shall be blotted
with sand and removed at the earliest. All areas inaccessible to the distributor shall be sprayed manually using
the reliable device for hand spraying. The surface of structures of the areas being treated shall be protected
in such a manner to prevent it from being stained.
11. If, after the application of the prime coat, the bituminous material fails to penetrate the base course within
the time specified, a blotter material shall be spread in the volume required to absorb any excess bituminous
material. Then the Engineer shall check the base course if enough bituminous material has been absorbed to
be able to proceed to the next activity.
12. Contractors QA/QC Engineer will prepare RFIA to notify the Client Engineer to inspect the Prime Coat applied
if it is ready to accept binder course, a minimum of twenty-four (24) hours before paving. Client Engineer shall
inspect the prime coat if it is absorbed by the base course accurately and no excess on any location. If the
Client Engineer finds no problems, then the RFIA will be approved, and the area will proceed with paving.
13. A Paver will be used to spread the aggregate asphalt concrete to the desired road width, the Haul Trucks will
be connected to the paver and unload the aggregate concrete at the rate of the paver.
Contractors QA/QC Engineer will prepare RFIA to notify the Client Engineer to witness the sampling of binder
material. Upon the arrival of the first Haul Truck a sample will be taken by a laboratory technician and checking
the temperature of the concrete asphalt. The Engineer or Foreman must always check the temperature of the
binder material. The asphalt concrete shall be placed on the road surface at a temperature not less than two
hundred fifty degrees (250º) Fahrenheit or greater than three hundred degrees (300º) Fahrenheit or as as per
the project requires. The asphalt concrete temperature shall be measured directly behind the paver screed at
the time.
of placement. The sample taken will do the following tests Stability (Marshall) Pounds Minimum, Flow
(Marshall) Maximum, Percent Voids, and Percent Voids Filled with Asphalt.
A surveyor shall mark the edges, level, grade, and the centerline of the road to be paved for the paver to use
as guide. The paver shall be operated and positioned to closely follow the established line. The consistency of
the unrolled surface shall be checked by the Engineer/Foreman to determine its uniformity. The tamping, feed
screws, hopper feed, etc., shall be checked frequently to assure uniform spreading of the mix. If segregation
occurs, the spreading operation shall be immediately discontinued until the cause is rectified. Uneven surfaces
will be levelled immediately by workers following the paver. The edges of the course shall be aligned as per
markings and the thickness will be checked always thoroughly and compacted by tamping before the roller
will compact to maintain its thickness and alignment. On longitudinal joints, the paver shall be positioned so
that in spreading, the material overlaps the edge of the lane previously placed by one or two inches (1” or 2”)
and is sufficiently high to allow for compaction. The coarse aggregate in the material overlapping the joint
shall all be raked out into the cold lane as soon as possible behind the paver and broomed up and wasted. In
no case shall scattered rocks be rolled into the surface of either lane.
Asphalt concrete mixture which is contaminated or segregated will be rejected.
Paving shall not begin until all adjacent curbs, or any adjacent structures have been poured and cured for at
least seven (7) days when Type I/II cement is used or three (3) days when Type III cement is used.
14. In areas where irregularities or unavoidable obstacles are present, make the use of any means of mechanical
spreading and finishing equipment, the asphalt concrete mixture shall be spread, raked, and looted by hand-
spreading tools. For such areas, the asphalt concrete mixture shall be placed to the required compacted
thickness and density.
15. Immediately after the asphalt mixture has been laid, the top surface has been levelled, compacting must be
properly done by rolling. Any unavoidable issues must be rectified at the earliest before continuing the activity.
After the asphalt mix is levelled then initial rolling shall be done with a steel-drum roller with the drive roll
operating toward the paver, and/or a suitable pneumatic tired roller. Initial rolling shall be completed while
the bituminous mat temperature is above two hundred twenty-five degrees (225º) Fahrenheit or as directed
by the Client Engineer.
After the initial rolling, at least three coverages of the pavement shall be completed with a pneumatic tired
roller, while the mat temperature is above one hundred seventy-five degrees (175º) Fahrenheit or as directed
by the Client Engineer.
Final rolling shall be completed with a steel–drum roller and shall continue until roller marks and further
compression are not evident in the pavement and specified density has been achieved.
If not directed by the Client Engineer, compacting will always begin at the sides rolling longitudinally until
reaching the centerline, each trip must overlap one-half the roller width. When paving in the echelon or
abutting a previously placed lane, the longitudinal joint should be rolled first followed by the regular rolling
procedure. On superelevated curves, the rolling shall begin at the low side and progress to the high side by
overlapping longitudinal trips parallel to the centerline.
Any displacement occurring because of the reversing of the direction of a roller, or from other causes, shall be
corrected at once using rakes and the addition of fresh mixture when required. Only experienced roller
operators will operate to minimize any displacement of the line and grade of the edges of the asphalt mixture,
and if any displacement occurs remedy can be rectified immediately.
To prevent adhesion of the mixture to the rollers, the wheels shall be kept properly moistened with water or
water mixed with very small quantities of detergent or other approved material. Excess liquid will not be
permitted.
Areas along structures such curbs, headers, walls, and other places not accessible to the rollers, the mixture
shall be thoroughly compacted with hot hand tampers, smoothing irons, or mechanical tampers. In depressed
areas, a trench roller may be used or cleated compression strips may be used under the roller to transmit
compression to the depressed area. Rollers or other vehicles shall not be parked or left standing on pavement
that has not cooled sufficiently to prevent indentation by wheels.
16. Longitudinal joints are prohibited on driving wheel paths. Joints must be aligned at the centerline of the road
or to the lane lines. A longitudinal joint at the centerline of the edge stripe must be offset not more than six
inches (6”) or as directed by the Engineer. Joints shall be constructed to ensure a continuous bond between
old and new sections of the course. All joints shall present the same texture and smoothness as other sections
of the course.
When old pavement and new pavements needs to join then, the old pavement shall be cut in a neat line and
straight with a power-driven saw. Any joints created which are uneven surface need to be removed and
replaced with fresh asphalt concrete mixture, and effectively compacted.
A tack coat of asphalt cement or asphalt emulsion shall be applied on all cold joints and allowed to break
before placing fresh asphalt concrete mixture against the joint. Transverse joints shall be formed by saw
cutting back on the previous run to expose the full depth of the course or by using a removable bulkhead.
Transverse joints shall not be perpendicular to the centerline but shall be skewed between fifteen and twenty-
five degrees (15º and 25º).
17. Any defective determined shall be repaired and corrected and the procedure shall be submitted and approved
by the Client Engineer prior to repair.
Defective materials shall be located and removed for the full thickness of the course. The pavement shall be
cut so that all edges are vertical using power driven saw, the sides must be parallel to the direction of traffic,
and the ends are skewed between fifteen and twenty-five degrees (15º and 25º). Then, the edges shall be
coated with a thin-tack coat of material to bond new and old asphalt materials. Fresh asphalt concrete mixture
shall be placed in sufficient quantity and quality so that the finished surface will conform to smoothness
requirements and any area determined to have an excess shall be removed. The asphalt concrete mixture shall
be compacted to the density specified.
18. After application of the Binder Course if density and coring are required by the project or as requested by the
Client Engineer, then the Contractor QA/QC Engineer will prepare RFIA for the Client Engineer to witnesses
and inspect the coring and by checking the thickness and inspect the grade using survey instruments, string
line, straightedge, levels, or any other means necessary. The complete pavement shall have a density equal
to or greater than ninety-six (96) percent of Maximum Density (Marshall Method), except for trail pavement
which shall have a density equal to or greater than ninety percent (90%). Maximum Density shall be
determined by the test procedures specified in Applicable Standards. The compacted specimens on which the
Maximum Density is determined shall be produced from a laboratory specimen made from the same day’s
mix, and as close to the laydown temperature as practicable.
19. After Binder Coarse was approved by the Client Engineer, Then Tack Coat will be applied on top of the newly
laid Binder Course. Immediately before applying the tack coat, if the surface is sufficiently bonded and cured,
the full width of the surface to be treated shall be swept with a power broom equipped with a blower to
remove debris, supplemented by hand brooms, washed down with water, or any other approved means to
remove all loose dirt, clay, or other loose and objectionable material.
20. The application of the bituminous tack material shall be made using a pressure distributor of an approved type
and shall be in the following amounts or follow the project specification. The material approved for tack coat
must be used only but mostly undiluted bituminous material is used so that the mixture will cure back. The
quality of material as measured by the volume measuring device of the distributor and the applied
temperature shall comply with the project specification or the approved material submittal. Necessary
thermometers shall be supplied so that the temperature may always be observed.
Existing structures such as key boxes, manholes, cleanouts, monuments, curb and gutter, steps, and buildings
shall be protected to prevent contact with bituminous material. The surface shall be allowed to dry until it is
in a proper condition of tackiness and cured to receive the surface course placement as is necessary to obtain
this proper condition of tackiness. Until the wearing surface course is placed, the tack coat laid in the area
shall be protected.
21. When Tack Coat is applied prepare RFIA for the Client Engineer to witness the sampling of the Tack Coat to
check the Temperature of the material, measuring the actual flow rate, Viscosity-Graded Asphalt, Cutback
Asphalt, and Emulsified Asphalt. The testing laboratory technician will be responsible for taking the prime coat
samples.
22. Before application of Tack Coat testing the Pressure Distributor shall be checked if the rate flow of spray meets
the requirement by laying a test trip area and measuring the flow rate using a pan. The testing will be
conducted by a laboratory technician.
23. The rate of application of the bituminous material shall be within the range of 0.5 to 2 gal/square yard or
whichever the exact rate to be ordered by the Client Engineer. The bituminous material shall be applied at a
temperature between seventy-five and one hundred thirty degrees (75º and 130º) Fahrenheit or whichever
the exact temperature to be ordered by the Client Engineer or base on above Table 1 under Prime/Tack Coat
on Materials Acceptance Requirements. Necessary thermometers shall be supplied so that the temperature
may always be observed.
The Tack Coat shall be left undisturbed for a period of at least 24 hours and shall not be opened to traffic until
it has penetrated and cured sufficiently so that it will not be picked up by the wheels of passing vehicles. The
Contractor shall maintain the tack coat until the next course is applied. Care shall be taken that the application
of bituminous material is not more than the specified amount, any excess shall be blotted with sand or
removed as directed by the Site Engineer/Client Engineer. All areas inaccessible to the distributor shall be
sprayed manually using the device for hand spraying. The surface of structures adjacent to the areas being
treated shall be protected in such a manner as to prevent structures from being stained. If, after the
application of the Tack Coat, the bituminous material fails to penetrate within the time specified and the
roadway must be used by traffic, spread the blotter material in the amounts required to absorb any excess
bituminous material.
24. The area to be paved shall be true to line and grade, having a smooth dry, compacted binder course surface
before the start of paving operations. The area to be paved shall be free from all loose asphalt and foreign
material.
Contractors QA/QC Engineer will prepare RFIA to notify the Client Engineer to inspect the Tack Coat if it is
ready to accept Wearing Course, a minimum of twenty-four (24) hours before paving. Client Engineer shall
inspect the grade using survey instruments, string line, straightedge, levels, or any other means necessary.
Upon inspecting the laid tack coat, then the Client Engineer will approve the RFIA to proceed with the wearing
course. The Contractor shall not initiate paving activity before receiving an approved RFIA to proceed.
25. A Paver will be used to spread the aggregate asphalt concrete to the desired road width, the Haul Trucks will
be connected to the paver and unload the aggregate concrete at the rate of the paver.
Contractors QA/QC Engineer will prepare RFIA to notify the Client Engineer to witness the sampling of wearing
coarse sample. Upon the arrival of the first Haul Truck a sample will be taken by a laboratory technician and
checking the temperature of the concrete asphalt. The sample taken will do the following tests Stability
(Marshall) Pounds Minimum, Flow (Marshall) Maximum, Percent Voids, and Percent Voids Filled with Asphalt.
The asphalt concrete shall be placed on the road surface at a temperature not less than two hundred fifty
degrees (250º) Fahrenheit or greater than three hundred degrees (300º) Fahrenheit or as directed by the
Client Engineer. The asphalt concrete temperature shall be measured directly behind the paver screed at the
time of placement.
Longitudinal joints and edges shall be constructed to true line markings. Lines shall be marked by surveyors
parallel to the center line for the paver to follow in placing individual lanes. The paver shall be operated and
positioned to closely follow the marked line. The physical appearance of the unrolled surface shall be checked
by Engineer/foreman always to determine its uniformity. The adjustment of the screed, tamping, feed screws,
hopper feed, etc., shall be checked frequently also to assure uniform laying of the mix. Segregation of the
material shall not be permitted. If segregation occurs, the spreading operation shall be immediately stop until
rectified. Any irregularities left by the paver shall be corrected by trimming directly behind the machine by use
of lutes or covered rakes. Immediately after trimming, the edges of the course shall be thoroughly compacted
by tamping. Distortion of the pavement during this operation shall be avoided. Edges against which additional
pavement is to be placed shall be vertically formed to the true line. Any irregularities in the surface of the
pavement course shall be corrected directly behind the paver. Excess material forming high spots shall be
removed by a shovel or
lute. Indented areas shall be filled with hot-mix and smoothed with the back of a shovel pulled over the
surface. Asphalt concrete must be laid properly not forming any bumps or stocked at areas shall be avoided.
On longitudinal joints, the paver shall be positioned so that in spreading, the material overlaps the edge of the
lane previously placed by one or two inches (1” or 2”) and is sufficiently high to allow for compaction. The
coarse aggregate in the material overlapping the joint shall all be raked out into the cold lane as soon as
possible behind the paver and broomed up and wasted.
In no case shall scattered rocks be rolled into the surface of either lane.
Asphalt concrete mixtures which are contaminated or segregated will be rejected.
Paving shall not begin until all adjacent structures like curb have been poured for at least seven (7) days when
Type I/II cement is used or three (3) days when Type III cement is used.
26. On areas where irregularities or unavoidable obstacles make use of mechanical spreading and finishing
equipment, the asphalt concrete mixture shall be spread, raked, and looted by hand-spreading tools. For such
areas, the asphalt concrete mixture shall be placed to the required compacted thickness and density.
27. Immediately after the asphalt mixture has been laid, struck off and surface irregularities adjusted, it shall be
thoroughly, properly and uniformly compacted by rolling. The surface shall be rolled when the mixture is in
the proper condition and when the rolling does not cause undue displacement, cracking, or shoving.
Initial rolling shall be done with a steel-drum roller with the drive roll operating toward the paver, and/or a
suitable pneumatic tired roller. Initial rolling shall be completed while the bituminous mat temperature is
above two hundred twenty-five degrees (225º) Fahrenheit or as required by the Project specifications.
Following the initial rolling, at least three coverages of the pavement shall be completed with a pneumatic
tired roller, while the mat temperature is above one hundred seventy-five degrees (175º) Fahrenheit or as
required by Project specifications.
Final rolling shall be completed with a steel–drum roller and shall continue until roller marks and further
compression are not seen physically in the pavement and specified density has been achieved.
Unless otherwise directed, rolling shall begin at the sides and proceed longitudinally parallel to the road center
line, each trip overlapping one-half the roller width, gradually progressing to the crown of the road. When
paving in the echelon or abutting a previously placed lane, the longitudinal joint should be rolled first followed
by the regular rolling procedure. On superelevated curves, the rolling shall begin at the low side and progress
to the high side by overlapping longitudinal trips parallel to the centerline.
Any displacement occurring because of the reversing of the direction of a roller, or from other causes, shall be
rectified at once using rakes and the addition of fresh mixture when required. Care shall be exercised in rolling
not to displace the line and grade of the edges of the asphalt mixture.
To prevent adhesion of the mixture to the rollers, the wheels shall be kept properly moistened with water or
water mixed with very small quantities of detergent or other approved material. Excess liquid will not be
permitted.
Along with any obstruction such as forms, curbs, headers, walls, and other places not accessible to the rollers,
the mixture shall be properly compacted with hot hand tampers, smoothing irons, or mechanical tampers. In
depressed areas, a trench roller may be used or cleated compression strips may be used under the roller to
transmit compression to the depressed area. Rollers, heavy equipment, or other vehicles shall not be parked
or left standing on pavement that has not cooled sufficiently to prevent indentation by wheels.
28. Do not construct longitudinal joints in the driving wheel paths. Align the joints of the top layer of pavement to
either the centerline of the road or to lane lines. Offset the longitudinal joint in the top layer of pavement not
more than six inches (6”) from the centerline of the edge of the stripe or as instructed by the Client Engineer.
Joints shall be constructed to ensure a continuous bond between old and new sections of the course. All joints
shall present the same physical appearance and smoothness as other sections of the course.
When joining existing pavement and new pavement, the old pavement shall be cut into a neat line with a
power-driven saw. Deformed joints resulting in uneven surface shall be removed at full depth, replaced with
fresh asphalt concrete mixture, and thoroughly compacted. Rolling of joints after the material has cooled
below one hundred seventy degrees (170º) Fahrenheit shall not be allowed or as required by Project
Specifications. All pavement removal shall be precut to a neat line with a power-driven saw.
A tack coat of asphalt cement or asphalt emulsion shall be applied on all cold joints and allowed to cure before
placing fresh asphalt concrete mixture against the joint. Transverse joints shall be formed by saw cutting back
on the previous run to expose the full depth of the course or by using a removable bulkhead. Transverse joints
shall not be perpendicular to the centerline but shall be skewed between fifteen and twenty-five degrees (15º
and 25º).
29. Repair and Replacement of Asphalt concrete mixture that becomes contaminated with foreign material or is
in any way defective as determined by the Client Engineer. Defective materials shall be removed for the full
thickness of the course. The pavement shall be cut so that all edges are vertical, the sides are parallel to the
direction of traffic, and the ends are skewed between fifteen and twenty-five degrees (15º and 25º). Edges
shall be coated with a thin-tack coat of material. Fresh asphalt concrete mixture shall be placed in sufficient
quantity so that the finished surface will conform to grade and smoothness requirements. The asphalt
concrete mixture shall be compacted to the density specified. Any area determined to have an excess or
deficiency of asphalt concrete shall be corrected by full-depth removal and replacement.
30. After application of the Wearing Course if density and coring are required by the project or as requested by
the Client Engineer, then the Contractor QA/QC Engineer will prepare RFIA for the Client Engineer to witnesses
and inspect the density of the asphalt concrete and coring activity. The complete pavement shall have a
density equal to or greater than ninety-six (96) percent of Maximum Density (Marshall Method), except for
trail pavement which shall have a density equal to or greater than ninety percent (90%) or as Project requires.
Maximum Density shall be determined by the test procedures specified in Applicable Standards. The
compacted specimens on which the Maximum Density is determined shall be produced from a laboratory
specimen made from the same day’s mix, and as close to the laydown temperature as practicable.
31. The new asphalt concrete pavement will only be open to traffic if the final inspection is done, and the Client
Engineer receives the asphalt road and to issue the Contractor a Certificate of Acceptance or equivalent
whichever is mentioned on the Project Contract.

Method Statement On Asphalt Pavement

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Method Statement On Asphalt Pavement

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Contractors Logo METHOD STATEMENT ON ASPHALT ROAD Page 1 of 30

PAVEMENT (NEW CONSTRUCTION)

PRIME COAT/TACK COAT

Table 1- Application Temperatures

AGGREGATE FOR BITUMINOUS CONCRETE

Table 1 – Chemical Requirement

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