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Bu]letinofJSME, Vbl. 28, No. 238, April 1985 617

Paper No.238- 8

INTERAcTIoNoF TwiN TuRBuLENTCIRCULAR

JET-

By TETsusHI OKAMOTO,F-.MIKI YAGITAww-.

AKIRA WATANABEMxufAND
KosEl KAWAMURA----N

This paper presents an experimental study on the interaction of twin

turbulent circular jet. The velocity and the static pressure of the jets
were measured by varying the distance between two nozzles. The results of
the twtn-jet vere cempared these of ajet to a plane wall

IEx･g･:i,11:,.\i:lig:x.il:
with
parallel en

tance.axis(2) The position of taaximum velecity of the twln-jet shiStstromthe

of nezzle to the mid--point between the jets. (3) The positionsofmaximum
:l
g;i:
:･ g.,.a.",d
l.;f.8}e,g";glJ'
:･ e',e
:･
:ig:;::. ;;g.a.r.e.
gxgg:gg .`.h,e,
`, `o,2, pi::e,!･ e.:

82:,Ci.g'g:gei:Stgg:.Og,;?g.g:ZnEg:ltl,:;S
gg:g:,,:.g.:?e
jet piane paraiiei to a

KEy WoRDS : rurbulence, Twin Circular Jet, Interactien, Jet Para]lel to

Plane, Principle of Reflected Image

at mid-ipoint between two nozzles

1. Introduction {seeFig.1)
Zr : Z-axis with origin at eenter ot
/ nozzle
The
inte'iaction of twin turbulent Zm12 : larger of Z
value where U is halt
eircular jet can be eneountered in many of maximum velocity
fields of engineering, for example a jet a : radius of nozzle=35mm
airplane or a large-sized rocket, a plume d : diameter of nozzle=70mm
frem twe stacks standing in a row, and £ : half distanee between twe nozzles
sprays from the multi-hole nozzle in a Pa : atmospheric
diesel engine. pressure
On the ether hand, the twin- P$
jet is supposed to be the flow oCajet
: static pressure of jet
U : velocity ef jet
parallel to a plane wall on the basis of Ue
the principle of reflected image. Thelat-･
velocity ot jet at exit of nozzle
Um
ter case willbeoften in the spraying
: maximurn veloctty ot jet
of the agricultural
seen

¢ hemicalsonthe
Umlt : = Um !2
ground, Un : jetvelocity along eenter axis oe
a jet engine in beneh-test and the exhaust nozzle
gas from automobile. U} : jet velocity along X-axis
This paper presents an experimentaL p : density of air
study on the interaction of tntn turbulent v : kinematic viscesity of air
eircular air jet i$suing in the st ±ll ambient Cp : pressure coefficient=(4 -B )!bpUo
air. Furthermore, the results of the twln-p Re : Reytields number=Uhdlv
jet are compared with those ofa jet paral-
lel to a plane wall

Nomenclature

X,Y,Z : Cartesianeoordinates with origin

tLL
te-es
Received 4th ApTil, 1983. -
Emeritus Professor, Institute Tokyo ny
LU
of Technelegy, 2-12-1, Oekayama, X
Meguro-ku, Tokyo, Japan. z m
IFelce-le--
Research Associate, Tokye Institute
uv'
oe Technology. v
Engineer, Japan Aircraft Manufaceur..
ing Co. Ltd., 3175, Showamachi,
Kanazawa-kui rokohamar Japan.
"me･tt-
Engineer, Ishikawajtma-Harirna Heavy
Industries Co. Ltd., 3-1-15, Toyosu,
Koto-ku, Tokyo, Japan. Ftg.1Schema of twin-jet andnomenclature

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2. Experimental and
Y and Z-axes. A laboratory used in the
Procedure Measurement
efApparatus present experiment was 12m long, 5.8m wide
and 4m high and the distance between the
IVtin eircular
jet were issued trom two nozzle-center and the floor wa$ abeut 1.5m.

?:::ig;
was
ge.
formed
glaye`ei,ZO::.2;.:z:.fieg}"kg:E,ai,
Jenes' by perfermed formula(2), and the
Irherefore, the wall
negligible
The
effects
in the present
measurements were
were

experiment.
considered

under

:fl:Xgg.c"fig:,x:tls.w::.g.'Zg',.,:2g.s:Xgi;g.g
lk=47mls, the exit velocity o £ which cor-
Reynolds responded to the number of Re=2.3
and the contraction was set xl05. The nozzle distances 22 were varied
at an adjustable
stage. Eetore at 21a=5.00 and 8.06. In
it, settling two nezzles were the case ef 2/a=
adjusted so that two jets beeame parallel. 5.00, the measurement was performed in detail
One of the two nozzles wae removed in
at one fourth of the space bounded by Y and

:::,elg.e;g:.egs oi.a,g??,:gfaiSfitsr.li.pe::r, Z axes, considering

jet, and the measurement
the symmetry ot twin-
fer 2far8.06 was
?n length,aluninum
plate of 2m in width and 3m mainly performed in XZ--plane{Yla=LO).
ln
ln Fig.1.
was setin the X]r-plane as shown

A total tube of
pressure lmm outside 3. Results and Discussion
diameter and static pressure
a tube of 2mm
outside diameter irere used te the 3.1 Twin turbulent
the statie
measure circuJLar
jets
jetat
velecity and pressure ot The
the downstream distance
velocity and static pressure dis-
near the nozzle, in the XZ-plane for £ la;5.00are
tributions
and Pitot-static
a pressure tube of 3mrn shownFig.2. 7rwojets beginto interact
in
outside diameter was used a far down-. t･hevelocity
at when in eymmetrical plane(Zla
stream distance. These tubes were increases gradualiy,
traversing
setona =o)
and then the ve-
gear which could move along X, locity becomes maximum at the mid-point
between two jets at far downstream distance.
Therefore, the position ef the maximum
10 ve-
a
o loeity is shifted
x/aeOe6A20e40o56a70v96 from the axis ot the nozzle
to the mid-point between two jets as the
downstream distance increases. The static
s5O.5 pressure distribution is nearly equa1 Po
that of a single jet at Xla<40. But at
further downstream distances,-the posttion
ef minimum pressure moves toward the axis
of symmetry of the jets.
The changes ef Un and U} along X--axis
are showninFig.3. The veloeity Un agrees
with that of a single jet (=Um) at
Xla<35
t/a=5DO forAt21a=5.00, Xla<40
and atfer 2fa=8.66.
o further downstream distances, Un is smal-
O O.S 1.0ZMYI,5 ler than that of a singLe
O.Olo.q-O,02 jet beeause the
position of maximum velocity is shifted
toward the axis of symmetry of the jets by
the interaction. Onthe other hand, th ap-
pears at Xla=8 for 21a=5.00 and at Xla=28
tor 21a"8.06. In the case of a single jet,
U} appears at Xla=25 on the line ot Zfa=5.00,
-O.04 X!a=.35 on the line of
andTherefore,
at
Z/a=8.06.
it is found that two jets tend
-O06 te be combined by the interaction. The

Ig.iOg:8y.,V},.::gx:gs:x.w:gl .::gr.r･:;ieE
Fig.2Velecity pressure and
eS a single
jet.
distributionsstatie
oe twin-jet
246vX/Qan4ocomo
IDO.6OAO.2O.1
''
1.0 //
g
A'aXRgzax4u
ca.-------.--au tfo500806500ao6 /d
NNu. /tI,402Pi
r

SO.6tss -... !h -
l
l
" " e.--sa
s x'
O.61,,02 `

u. m .1O06.04"en2
x k"t ･i
t
---Single jet t/a.500e8.06
/.'
hest
--- i
l g-"- --
"4i-ii4 -H"re
.-
-ilr.lf.'t"J"-;].i;Fl-i-lslT;
s-4-
" '. e-'.-'
ee
--Singteiet
'

o
i e'mA'e
tFl,Ol
102030405060
X/a 70 eo90100

Fig.4 Deeay ot maximum velocity

Fig.3Changes of Unand q along X-･axis and change of static pres-

sure along X-axis

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Etgure 4 shows the decay ef the max- The iso-velocity eurves at each section
imum velecity Upt and the change of static of the twin-jet for 2fa=5.00 are shown in
pressure along X-axis. The velocity Um Fig.5. As mentioned before, the velecity
agrees with that ef a single jet for 21a= Vi appears on the symmetrical plane(Zla=O)
5.00 and 8.06. The static pressure is
at X!a>8 and therefore, the jet loses the
larger than that of a single synnmetry. The iso-velocity UIUe
slightly jet at Xla=40 is
curve ot

at X!a)40, and therefore, the static pres-

=O
nearly an ellipse.
sure recovers faster to the ambient pressure
Figure 6
the shovs the iso-
ehange ot
thar1 that of a single jet. velocity UIUh=O.1･ with
curves of X-axis,
that is, the of the twin-jet.
spread rhe
broken line in this figure is an ellipse
obtained en the basis of the intercepting
1210IZa8642 o points ef r and Z-axes with the curve tr!Vm
g2og2 at X!a=96.
=O.1

Va=o uadizo
i
1210 tya 642' t41"a1e6 42 o
t -e,1
xxxzfos / 2g468
OS 1
Xfo=6 Kt'o-
e!

'O.1O,1rEF

12 1 42 o
1NNxx
' 2g4 oos

X!a=S6
n
× i
× o
Va=2o x d.tq'
2
IS16 14IEIa1 42 o
cra8 '
12 10 64 26 'l'g=oas/LLt

o 24g68
1

ab 2
'x. e>4

o,oa O.1

6 'o.os

TO12va
Xltr=40 C4"ZxeFo.oso
8
xk=7o
ie

t/a = s.oo

Fig.5 Iso-veloeitycurves

2e 18 IG
l!b14110
64 2 o
T
1 25
1
/xde=
S2o
t z
1LNxxxNxxxx

-15g Q

14 68'RloL ZAao r/a

10
i 56 5
xxxxxxN･
1?
tfo . 5,OO 7 o 20co6080 1oo 1re
--
ta16
Va
tL/U. =O.1
F..--
s/
s
.-
ES-
Eig.7 Intereepting points of Y.1and Z-axes
Fig.6 Spread
with curves of UIUm =
O shown in
ot twin-jet Fig.6

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The values of intercepting points o £

Y and Z-axes with the curves of UIUpt=O.1 in
Flgi6 are shown in Fig.7. It can be con-
sidered from this figure that the iso--
velocity curveofUfUta=O.1 becomes round ae

at
xfa!:>ldlOswni.SntrtehaeMcSsigtgltie2elsa.se.sopoecially,
'

;li.:n/ntl
:',:/i.:･,
' '

:,skz:/I
'h -
xe "iii,,1･,l,gi'i
;
of
the
]e.IS･'/I,
,:
,ti
2fa. On the other hand, the spread in
euter region is smaller
than that of a
single
jet. This result
be considered
can
te be due to the fact that the entrainment
Fig.8Spread oftwin-･jet inXZ-plane of an ambient air is prevented in the inner
region and two jets tend to be comblned.

?g; t,h,e.".e,f8,nO.SgfgfiE2n;g.bfiPw.:ge,t,h.e

The spread
spread

ot the jet in the XY-plane

threugh the nozzle eenter are shown in Fig.
9. The spread agrees well with that ef a
single jet. It is seen from this figure
that there is no effect due to the inter--
action in the XY-plane threugh the nozzle
center.

. Figure 10 shews the spread of the jet

in )fir--plane
the (the symmetrical plane of
twin-･jet). The broken line shows the spread
Fig-9Spreadthroughof
twin-jet
nozzle
in
centerXZ-plane gi a,,s.inge:.grg,se,`, ar.$;5E:i. T,h,e.s,pg;aS

single
jet at Xfa<68 by the interaetion and
smaller at X!a>68 by the prevention ot the
entrainment of an amb ±ent air.

3.2 Comparison of twin-jet with jet

paralleL to plane wali
If the tvin-jet is supposed to be the
flow of a jet
parallel to a plane wall on
the basis ef the principle of reflected
image, the symmetrical plane (XY-plane}of
the twtn-rjet becomesaplane boundary. But
the boundary condition foT a jet parallel
to a plane vallis non-slip at the wall,
whUe a slip extsts at the center
Fig.10Spread the twin-jet.
plane ef
oftwin-jet ±n In this section,theresults
(z!a=e)XZ-plane aboue the twin--jee are compared with those
ef the jet parallel to a plane wall").

-"-r be
Q -O.ool IDa6
s15
10 -
"".f..-..
-... lt-"k4-

go4
x

ik . 'ts ' '.a

"f.E- ',qi
ldjfiy
H-aoos

N
/× 0402O.1
'-t'- '
'vO.co2S
x
s x
.e1/ -
11t O.2
-
n:)sS::'"s"lt'-Lt'N-
-
o - OOIN ,
90
/le130lxlxOII
11
e06',ca
5

g
ol elie1,xf2,
t/a=5.oo
tl
10s 1 /1 -- -･Tviinjet
tlillFx
"-2e /[le4e
D2
jetpartiLet
15 H-+------ uos to ptane
o a2O.4 06 1.o CL, #=5s
T=7e

Fig.12 Comparisonbetweentwin--jet
Fig.11Comparisen between twin-jet and jet parallel
and jet parallel to plane
to plane vall with regard te decays
wall with regard te velocity and
of maximum veloeity and
static pressure d ±stributiens
changes o £ static pressure

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small because of a rapid lateral spread of

the jet due to the attachment to the walLl
and the shearing seress at The
the wall.
static pressure the jet parallel to a
ef

plane wall agrees well with that Df the

twin-jet. BiSt the static
both cases
pressures fer
reeover te the ambient pressure
faster than that of a single
The case for 21a=8.06
jet.
is not shown in
the figure, but the decays of maximum ve-
locity for both eases agree with that of a
single
jet and the static pressure for 21a
9a9g.8g?ws
± the same tendeney as that for
Fig.13 Cemparison between spread of 2
twin-jet
l2e,:･Efgge
and that jet par-
:.f
of
allel to plane wall in XZ-plane f.. k:2:,f8:P:;gsg:.ehf .a:g.s
region (Z'>O),there large is a ditference
between them at Xla>40. Referring to the
lt) veloeity
prefile at Xla=70 shown in Fig.12,

ig:,`wX･,,-.jge.
o-NabxeN TwinjettlatVttpt.Qs

RN e5.0e17.4

.8.0S11.fi

Coanda eftect and extends in the

rapidly
os lateral direction. The difference
Jetpardleltepbne lex1 betveen
t/a,rX/ttitl.os the spreads ef jetsin the Z-direction seems
"1.4030.6
to occur for the above reason.
o4.0615.2
In tPe case ef 21a=8.06, the spread of
n8.0612.3
outer region agrees Xla<60.

i:,g.l2hiE;ie,!
well at At
o
O.5 1.0 ISxlt20
rMte"=o,s
'
The pesitions of maximum veloeit
Fig.14 Similar curves of pesitions ef the twin-jet and the jetparaiiei tea plailg
r･
:il
maxlmum velocity
,aig.x3o lll,l.t",xggE:e･
i-,F.r,o lfi,gu.
;e
m,.`gi.s. ･

the
Figure 1'T shows the comparison
twin-jet and the jet parallel
between
toa plane
eggio.n bend
.a.nS,tg;,g:t

the
p,gg:{ilg2i,;;.a,p,lr"e
ga,:

il･lkll･i;･
Jets toward

jys･:
symetrical
plane or
wall vith to the veloeity
regard distribu-- w -
tions the static distributions

#ui"%,
and pressure
for 21a=5.00. The velocity and static pres-
sure distributions agree well for both cases
at X!a<40 except in the vicinity of the XY jet parallel to a plane
--plane. At further downstream distances, totigaliy from the axis
wall moves as

of the nezzigin{lg
the difference between the twin-jetandthe
jet paralleltoa plane wall becomes largei g;":gs･:g`:g:e,i･xg:,:･g:.lag;
In.the ease of the twin-jet, the two jets scl?sa as shown in Fig.14, the positions of

:l･IimllMUaMr
nom and become approximately jet
g:;#eCsieY beth jets are given by
a single Of
at far downst?eam distance. On the other
hand, the jet parallel to a plane vall at--
taches to the wall at Xfa>23 and generates
a three-dimensional wall jet, whieh has a 4. Conclusions
similar velocity prefile at Xla>50. The
case for 21a=8.06 is not shown in figure, g Experiments the interaetien of twin
but the difference between the twin-jet
on
turbulent
and the jet paralleltoa
plane wall beeomes
circular jets were performed and
large at X!a2z60. At further dewnstream
the results were compared with theseofthe
distances, theflowfor 21a=8.06 shows the
jet paraliel to a plane wall. The results
same tendency as those fer 2!a=5.00. are summarized as follews;
The decay ef maximum
(1) The twin-jet interacts and de- joins,
velocity and the veloping like an ellipse at a downstream
change
are shown
of static
in Fig.12.
pressure along the X-axis
They agree well with
gistance.
is considered
At far do"mstream distanee,
that the jet is developed in;
it
these of jet in the region to
the effect
a single

interaetion
where a circular jet.
ef or the plane wall (2) The
position of maximum velocity of
is small. Ateurther dewnstream distanees, the twin-jet
the deeay of mEiximum velocity
shifts from the a)cis of the
the jet
g;xl;.71:g:Y.gi.gh,:,
of n?:yig,go,gh,:;
pa]rallel to a plane wall is slightZy smal-･ th.
ler than that of the twin-jet. Since the twin-･jet agrees that of
entrainment of the jet parallel to a plane The static
with a single jet.
pressure recoversto the ambient
by the wall,
;a.:::i,`h.a,"..`,ha
wallisprevented the deeay of
gg;s
P?2Ssg,'g
maxlmum veleeity becemes 3maller than the ,".,tiLeg.i,e
one shown in Eig.12. However, the ditfer- eompared those the
enc:e between them, as shown in Ftg.12, is
with
a plane wall
jet of
paraUel to
on the basis of the princ ±ple

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of ref[Leeted image. Theditference between Referenees

them could be explained by their different
boundary conditions.

C5) [Jhe positions (1)Okamoto,T. and Magita,M., J.Japan Soc.

of maximun vele ¢ ity of Aeron. Space Sci .{in Japanese), Vol.32,
the twi'n-jet and of the jet parallel to a No.361 (1984-2),p.122.
plane vall are expressed by similar curves
(2)Jones,R. and Bell,A.H., Rep. & Mem.,
for varieus nozzle distances. Aeron. Res. Council, No.1355 (1930).

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